Download - Dopamine and norepinephrine lobitoferoz13
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COMPARISON OF DOPAMINE AND
NOREPINEPHRINE
IN THE TREATMENT OF SHOCK
ALLAN PEPE VASQUEZ TEJADA Medico Residente de Cirugía. HVLE
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El control de la presión tiene dos regulaciones
Regulación rápida
Barorreceptores de alta presión y de baja presión
Regulacion de largo plazo
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El centro de la presión arterial se encuentra en el bulbo
raquídeo rostral ventrolateral y se conecta con la
columna intermedio lateral de la medula espinal y con el
vago.
La noradrenalina, la adrenalina y dopamina son
vasopresores endogenos que tiene diferente forma de
acción
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SHOCK
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DOPAMINA
La dopamina (3,4-dihidroxifeniletilamina) produce
vasodilatación renal
Causan estimulación del miocardio
Estimulan la frecuencia cardíaca y la vasoconstricción
periférica
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Actualmente la dopamina no está recomendada a
dosis bajas
Estas acciones determinan un incremento en el
consumo de oxígeno miocárdico debido a un
aumento en la frecuencia cardíaca y en la
vasoconstricción coronaria
En pacientes con miocardio agudamente
isquémico, la dopamina puede inducir arritmias y
precipitar angina.
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NORADRENALINA
Es un agonista potente de los receptores –
adrenérgicos
El gasto cardíaco persiste sin cambios o está
disminuido
Aumenta en grado importante el flujo coronario
Recomendada la infusión de norepinefrina en
choque donde no se logra una estabilidad con la
dopamina
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"La dopamina es el fármaco de elección para el shock"
(Vincent 1999).― se indica para revertir la hipotensión
hemodinámicamente significativa debida a infarto
miocárdico, traumatismo, sepsis, insuficiencia cardíaca
manifiesta, insuficiencia renal, insuficiencia cardíaca
congestiva crónica..." (Levy 1992).
"La norepinefrina parece ser sumamente útil en el
tratamiento del shock causado por disminución
inapropiada en la resistencia vascular periférica como el
shock séptico y el neurogénico"
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"La epinefrina se indica principalmente para los
estados de gasto cardíaco bajo" (Sladen 1999) y se
recomienda como "el tratamiento de primera línea
en pacientes con shock anafiláctico" (Breithaupt
2000; Vincent 1999).
"La dobutamina es muy eficaz en pacientes con
miocardiopatía e insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva"
(Sladen 1999).
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Tres estudios compararon norepinefrina con
dopamina (Marik 1994; Martin 1993; Ruokonen
1993): 16 pacientes de 31 murieron en el grupo de
norepinefrina en comparación con 19 de 31 en el
grupo de dopamina (RR 0,88; 0,57 a 1,36) (ver
comparación 02, el resultado 01).
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ESTUDIO
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The administration of fluids, which is the first-line
therapeutic strategy, is often insufficient to stabilize the
patient’s condition, and adrenergic agents are frequently
required to correct hypotension.
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Dopamine and norepinephrine influence alpha-
adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors, but to
different degrees
Dopamine and norepinephrine may have different
effects on the kidney, the splanchnic region, and the
pituitary axis, but the clinical implications of these
differences are still uncertain.
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Multicenter trial between December 19, 2003, and
October 6, 2007, in eight centers in Belgium, Austria, and
Spain.
18 years of age or older
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The patient was considered to be in shock if the PAM
was less than 70 mm Hg or the PAS was less than 100
mm Hg o there was an elevation in the central venous
pressure to >12 mm Hg and if there were signs of tissue
hypoperfusion
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Patients were excluded if
had already received a vasopressor agent for more
than 4 hours during the current episode of shock
had a serious arrhythmia
had been declared brain-dead.
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The study period lasted a maximum of 28 days
The primary end point of the trial was the rate of
death at 28 days
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A total of 1679 patients were enrolled — 858 in the
dopamine group and 821 in the norepinephine
group.
There were no significant differences between the
two groups with regard to most of the baseline
characteristics
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The type of shock that was seen most frequently
was septic shock (in 1044 patients ), followed by
cardiogenic shock (in 280 patients) and
hypovolemic shock (in 263 patients).
Hydrocortisone was administered in 344 patients
who received dopamine (40.1%) and in 326
patients who received norepinephrine (39.7%)
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There were no major between-group differences in
the total amounts of fluid given, although patients in
the dopamine group received more fluids on day 1
Urine output was significantly higher during the first
24 hours in the dopamine group than among those
in the norepinephrine group, but this difference
eventually disappeared, so that the fluid balance
was quite similar between the two groups.
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There were no significant differences in the causes
of death between the two groups, although death
from refractory shock occurred more frequently in
the group of patients treated with dopamine than in
the group treated with norepinephrine (P = 0.05)
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More patients had an arrhythmia, especially atrial
fibrillation, in the dopamine group than in the
norepinephrine group
The rate of death at 28 days was significantly
higher among patients with cardiogenic shock who
were treated with dopamine than among those with
cardiogenic shock who were treated with
norepinephrine (P = 0.03)
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The rate of death at 28 days was significantly higher
among patients with cardiogenic shock who were treated
with dopamine than among those with cardiogenic shock
who were treated with norepinephrine (P = 0.03)
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CONCLUSIONES
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The rate of death did not differ significantly between
the group of patients treated with dopamine and the
group treated with norepinephrine
Dopamine was associated with more arrhythmic
events than was norepinephrine
Dopamine was associated with a significant
increase in the rate of death in the predefined
subgroup of patients with cardiogenic shock.
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GRACIAS