Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Lecture Overview
• Linking Architects to Systems• Communicating Conceptual Understanding • The Checklist• Basic Sizing Tricks• Results – “Insipid to Inspired”
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Architects use Light as an Aesthetic• Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, NJ
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
…its also an Engineering System• Bloomberg Financial, Princeton, NJ
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Human Perception is an Aesthetic Goal
• Sight• Sound• Touch• Smell• Taste
• Sense of Safety• Sense of Comfort• Sense of Functionality
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Wind Environment is an Aesthetic
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Wind & Building is also a System
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Perception is Quantifiable
• Convection – 40%• Radiation – 40%• Evaporation – 20%• Conduction - <1%
• Air Motion• Net Radiation• Relative Humidity• Air Temperature
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
• Stale• Stuffy• Fine• Drafty• Windy
Stale Windy
Coo
ler A
irW
arm
er A
ir
…and thus an Engineering System
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
…where Architectural choices matter!
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Conceptual Understanding
• Layperson’s View• Engineer’s View • Diagrams as a Tool• Diagrams as a Sales Pitch
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Diagrams Illustrate ChoicesIlluminate the Building….or
….Highlight a lighting effect
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Communicate to a Layperson
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
…or Communicate to a Contractor
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Building Incoming Water Diagram
CW Main runs in 1st Floor Ceiling Plenum
Need Bsmt Room for Pump, etc.
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Building Leaving Water Diagram
Need thick walls for Sanitary stacks
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Diagrams communicate Intent
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
System studies allow exploration of coordination
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
System studies can express character of the space
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental SystemsDiagrams Sell Ideas
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
…a Vignette on Hot/Humid Sustainable Design
• Delicate Energy Balancing• Ventilation Breezes• Use of Shade • Thermal Flywheeling
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Sustainable System for Hot – Humid Region
• Reduce penetration of radiation• Remove inside heat• Enhance evaporation• Increase air motion
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Elongate East-West with Deep Overhangs
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Elevate Floor & Ventilate Roof & House
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Landscape Elements – Shading / Reduce Glare
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
…and Now for something Completely Boring!
• The Systems Checklist• HVAC Basics• Using a “Basis of Design” • Conceptual Quantification
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
The “Checklist”Power Water Misc.
• Supply point?
• Transformer?
• Inside vs. Outside
• Emergency Power?
• Distribution Panels
• Supply (well, city, tank)• Treatment?• Metering?• Inside vs. Outside• Sprinklers?• Fire Pump?• Hot Water?• Wastewater?• Elevations?• Storm Water?
• Telephones?• Internet?• CATV?• Security?• Public Address?• Central Clock?• Lightning Protection?• Multi-Media• Med-gases• Nurse alarm, etc.
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
HVAC Checklist – The Basics1. Will building be conditioned? {heated, cooled}
2. Heat type? {radiation, forced air, passive air}
3. Heat source? {electricity, gas, oil, solar, geothermal}
4. Distribution? {water, air, none (self-contained)}
5. Cooling type? {radiation, forced air, passive air}
6. Cooling source? {electricity, gas/oil, evaporation,
geothermal}
7. Distribution? {water, air, DX, none (self-contained)}
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Air Systems1. Air units? {large central, multiple mid-size, many local}
2. Air balanced? {supply, return, outside air, exhaust,
pressure}
3. Air ducts? {exposed, concealed – do they fit?}
Water Systems1. Water units (radiators)? {floor, wall, ceiling}
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Heat1. Water source? {boiler, solar, heat pump}
2. Component locations? {boiler room, roof panels}
3. Utility requirements? {electricity, gas, oil}
Cooling1. Water source? {chiller, heat pump - location}
2. Chiller System? {air cooled, water cooled - location}
3. DX? {compressor/condenser locations}
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Basis of Design - Systems
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
How big is that Duct?
• 1 CFM (cubic feet per minute) per SF of space
• 1000 FPM (feet per minute) of air velocity
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Example
• 10,000 SF floor area served by (1) AHU system• 1cfm x 10,000sf / 1,000fpm = 10 SF of duct area• Don’t forget supply…AND….return air
• 20 SF = 24” high by 120” wide, or 36x84, etc.
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
System Components / Spaces
• Cooling Towers = 10’ to 20’ tall• Air Handling Units = 8’ to 35’ long (4’ – 10’ wide)• Main Switchgear = 10’ – 20’ long• Fire Pump rooms = 10’ x 15’• IT Rooms = 10’ x 15’• Electric Closets = 8’ x 10’
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
….and the Result is?
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
A World without Architecture
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
…..is a world left to its Own Devices.
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Accommodation without Control…..
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
….versus Accommodation with Control
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Nice….but
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Details Matter
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Rhythm without…..vs. Rhythm with Order
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
The Results• Systems have a “natural” or “normal” mode• Systems can be aesthetically challenging• Architect’s who understand systems …win!• Don’t let systems steamroll your Aesthetic• Understanding leads to accommodation• Accommodation leads to Aesthetic Control
Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems
Industry made into Art
• Rhythm• Order• Scale• Module• Layered