design ix – technology v environmental systems lecture overview linking architects to systems...

Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental Systems

Lecture Overview

• Linking Architects to Systems• Communicating Conceptual Understanding • The Checklist• Basic Sizing Tricks• Results – “Insipid to Inspired”


Architects use Light as an Aesthetic• Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, NJ


…its also an Engineering System• Bloomberg Financial, Princeton, NJ


Human Perception is an Aesthetic Goal

• Sight• Sound• Touch• Smell• Taste

• Sense of Safety• Sense of Comfort• Sense of Functionality


Wind Environment is an Aesthetic


Wind & Building is also a System


Perception is Quantifiable

• Convection – 40%• Radiation – 40%• Evaporation – 20%• Conduction - <1%

• Air Motion• Net Radiation• Relative Humidity• Air Temperature


• Stale• Stuffy• Fine• Drafty• Windy

Stale Windy

Coo

ler A

irW

arm

er A

ir

…and thus an Engineering System


…where Architectural choices matter!


Conceptual Understanding

• Layperson’s View• Engineer’s View • Diagrams as a Tool• Diagrams as a Sales Pitch


Diagrams Illustrate ChoicesIlluminate the Building….or

….Highlight a lighting effect


Communicate to a Layperson


…or Communicate to a Contractor


Building Incoming Water Diagram

CW Main runs in 1st Floor Ceiling Plenum

Need Bsmt Room for Pump, etc.


Building Leaving Water Diagram

Need thick walls for Sanitary stacks


Diagrams communicate Intent


System studies allow exploration of coordination


System studies can express character of the space

Design IX – Technology VEnvironmental SystemsDiagrams Sell Ideas


…a Vignette on Hot/Humid Sustainable Design

• Delicate Energy Balancing• Ventilation Breezes• Use of Shade • Thermal Flywheeling


Sustainable System for Hot – Humid Region

• Reduce penetration of radiation• Remove inside heat• Enhance evaporation• Increase air motion


Elongate East-West with Deep Overhangs


Elevate Floor & Ventilate Roof & House


Landscape Elements – Shading / Reduce Glare


…and Now for something Completely Boring!

• The Systems Checklist• HVAC Basics• Using a “Basis of Design” • Conceptual Quantification


The “Checklist”Power Water Misc.

• Supply point?

• Transformer?

• Inside vs. Outside

• Emergency Power?

• Distribution Panels

• Supply (well, city, tank)• Treatment?• Metering?• Inside vs. Outside• Sprinklers?• Fire Pump?• Hot Water?• Wastewater?• Elevations?• Storm Water?

• Telephones?• Internet?• CATV?• Security?• Public Address?• Central Clock?• Lightning Protection?• Multi-Media• Med-gases• Nurse alarm, etc.


HVAC Checklist – The Basics1. Will building be conditioned? {heated, cooled}

2. Heat type? {radiation, forced air, passive air}

3. Heat source? {electricity, gas, oil, solar, geothermal}

4. Distribution? {water, air, none (self-contained)}

5. Cooling type? {radiation, forced air, passive air}

6. Cooling source? {electricity, gas/oil, evaporation,

geothermal}

7. Distribution? {water, air, DX, none (self-contained)}


Air Systems1. Air units? {large central, multiple mid-size, many local}

2. Air balanced? {supply, return, outside air, exhaust,

pressure}

3. Air ducts? {exposed, concealed – do they fit?}

Water Systems1. Water units (radiators)? {floor, wall, ceiling}


Heat1. Water source? {boiler, solar, heat pump}

2. Component locations? {boiler room, roof panels}

3. Utility requirements? {electricity, gas, oil}

Cooling1. Water source? {chiller, heat pump - location}

2. Chiller System? {air cooled, water cooled - location}

3. DX? {compressor/condenser locations}


Basis of Design - Systems


How big is that Duct?

• 1 CFM (cubic feet per minute) per SF of space

• 1000 FPM (feet per minute) of air velocity


Example

• 10,000 SF floor area served by (1) AHU system• 1cfm x 10,000sf / 1,000fpm = 10 SF of duct area• Don’t forget supply…AND….return air

• 20 SF = 24” high by 120” wide, or 36x84, etc.


System Components / Spaces

• Cooling Towers = 10’ to 20’ tall• Air Handling Units = 8’ to 35’ long (4’ – 10’ wide)• Main Switchgear = 10’ – 20’ long• Fire Pump rooms = 10’ x 15’• IT Rooms = 10’ x 15’• Electric Closets = 8’ x 10’


….and the Result is?


A World without Architecture


…..is a world left to its Own Devices.


Accommodation without Control…..


….versus Accommodation with Control


Nice….but


Details Matter


Rhythm without…..vs. Rhythm with Order


The Results• Systems have a “natural” or “normal” mode• Systems can be aesthetically challenging• Architect’s who understand systems …win!• Don’t let systems steamroll your Aesthetic• Understanding leads to accommodation• Accommodation leads to Aesthetic Control


Industry made into Art

• Rhythm• Order• Scale• Module• Layered

design ix – technology v environmental systems lecture overview linking architects to systems...

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