Transcript

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ISoRD2014 CPH

1st International Symposium on Robust DesignKøbenhavn, DK14th-15th of August 2014

41

Reviewed by:

Design Guidance for Robust Design using Load- Strength and Design of Experiments

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Abstract7KH�VKRUW�SURGXFW�GHYHORSPHQW�F\FOH�DQG�WKH�LQFUHDVHG�GHPDQG�RI�UREXVW��VDIH�DQG�UHOLDEOH�GHVLJQ�KDV�PDGH�WKH�7HVW�$QDO\VLV�$QG�)L[��7$$)��PHWKRG�REVROHWH��&ORVLQJ� WKH�IHHGEDFN�ORRS�RQ�D�GHVLJQ�IURP�¿HOG�UHWXUQ��)5$&$6��WDNHV�\HDUV��&ORVLQJ�WKH�IHHGEDFN�ORRS�IURP�WHVW-LQJ�WDNH�PRQWKV��7KHUHIRUH�D�PRGHUQ�GHVLJQ�KDV�WR�EXLOG�LQ�UREXVWQHVV��VDIHW\�DQG�UHOLDELOLW\�GXULQJ�WKH�GHVLJQ�SURFHVV��7KH�SDSHU�GHVFULEHV�KRZ�WKH�/RDG�6WUHQJWK�WKHRU\�DQG�GHVLJQ�RI�H[SHULPHQW��'2(��FDQ�EH�XVHG�WR�GHYHORS�GHVLJQ�JXLGDQFH�IRU�D�UREXVW�GHVLJQ��7KH�LQÀXHQFH�RI�VDIHW\�PDUJLQ�DQG�ORDGLQJ�URXJKQHVV�LV�GHVFULEHG�WRJHWKHU�ZLWK�UHSHDWHG�ORDGV��5HDO�H[DP-SOHV�RI�GHVLJQ�JXLGDQFH�IRU�UREXVW�GHVLJQ�DUH�VKRZQ�

1. Introduction5REXVWQHVV�LV�GH¿QHG�E\�,(((�DV�³WKH�GHJUHH�WR�ZKLFK�D�V\VWHP�RU�FRPSRQHQW�FDQ�IXQFWLRQ�FRUUHFWO\�LQ�WKH�SUHVHQFH�RI�LQYDOLG�LQSXW�RU�VWUHVVIXO�HQYLURQPHQWDO�FRQGLWLRQV´��,(((��������7KH�GHVLJQHU�KDV�WR�¿QG�D�IHDVLEOH�GHVLJQ�DQG�RSWLPL]H�LW�ZLWKLQ�WKH�FRQVWUDLQWV�RI�VSHFL¿FD-WLRQV�� HQYLURQPHQW� FRQGLWLRQV�� FRVWV� DQG� VFKHGXOH��7KH� V\VWHP�GHVLJQ�ZLOO� QRW� EH� FRYHUHG�LQ� WKLV�SDSHU��$IWHU� WKH�V\VWHP�GHVLJQ�D�QXPEHU�RI�PRGXOHV�RU�DVVHPEOLHV�ZLOO�QRUPDOO\�EH� GH¿QHG��7KH�GHWDLO�GHVLJQ�ZLOO�WKHQ�EH�PDGH��GHVLJQLQJ�PRGXOHV�E\�FRPELQLQJ�FRPSRQHQWV�DQG�GHVLJQ�GHWDLOV�

,W�ZLOO�VHOGRP�EH�SRVVLEOH�WR�RSWLPL]H�WKH�V\VWHP�GHVLJQ�RU�WKH�GHWDLO�GHVLJQ�DQDO\WLFDOO\� IRU�H[DPSOH�E\�D�UHVSRQVH�VXUIDFH��0RGHUQ�VRIWZDUH�DOORZV�UHVSRQVH�VXUIDFH�RSWLPL]DWLRQ�IRU�D�ODUJHU�QXPEHU�RI�SDUDPHWHUV�RU�FRQVWUDLQWV��EXW�WKLV�ZLOO�QRUPDOO\�RQO\�DOORZ�D�SDUWLDO�DQDO\VLV��7KHUHIRUH�WKH�GHVLJQHU�KDV�WR�XVH�DQ�LWHUDWLYH�DQG�KHXULVWLF�GHVLJQ�SURFHVV��7KH�UREXVW�GHVLJQ�SKLORVRSK\� LV� FRQFHUQHG�ZLWK� WDNLQJ� LQWR� DFFRXQW� YDULDWLRQV� LQ� WKH�PDQXIDFWXULQJ�� HQYLURQ-PHQWDO�DQG�XVDJH�FRQGLWLRQV��)RU�WKLV�WKHUH�H[LVW�D�QXPEHU�RI�PHWKRGV��6RPH�RI�WKHVH�ZLOO�EH�GLVFXVVHG�LQ�WKH�IROORZLQJ��DQG�SUDFWLFDO�H[DPSOHV�RI�WKHLU�DSSOLFDWLRQ�DUH�VKRZQ��7KH�GHVLJQHU�ZLOO�QRUPDOO\�KDYH�WR�DSSO\�DQG�FRPELQH�VHYHUDO�PHWKRGV�IRU�D�JLYHQ�GHVLJQ�WDVN��7KLV�PHDQV�WKDW�QRUPDOO\�QR�VLQJOH�PHWKRG�ZLOO�EH�HQRXJK�WR�HQVXUH�D�UREXVW�GHVLJQ�IRU�H[DPSOH�XVHG�DV�D�.H\�3HUIRUPDQFH�,QGLFDWRU��.3,��IRU�WKH�SURMHFW�

2. Problem statement$�ZHOO�NQRZQ�PRGHO�IRU�WKH�GHVLJQ�SURFHVV�LV�WKH�9�PRGHO��)LJXUH�����7KH�V\VWHP�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�LV�EURNHQ�GRZQ�LQWR�PRGXOHV��DVVHPEOLHV��E\�LQWHUIDFH�VSHFL¿FDWLRQV��ZKLFK�DUH�DJDLQ�EURNHQ�

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3. Existing Approaches6RPH����\HDUV�DJR�WKH�GHVLJQ�SKLORVRSK\�LQ�PRVW�FRPSDQLHV�ZDV�WKH�7HVW�$QDO\]H�$QG�)L[��7$$)��PHWKRG�ZKHUH�WKH�GHVLJQ�ZDV�WHVWHG�DQG�DIWHU�WKDW�WKH�QHFHVVDU\�IHZ�FKDQJHV�DQG�LP-SURYHPHQWV�ZHUH�PDGH��7R�GD\�WKLV�PHWKRG�LV�FRQVLGHUHG�REVROHWH��VLQFH�LW�WDNHV�WRR�ORQJ�WLPH�DQG�ZLWK�WKH�KLJK�UHOLDELOLW\�DQG�UREXVWQHVV�UHTXLUHPHQW�RI�WR�GD\¶V�PDUNHW�LW�LV�QRW�SRVVLEOH�WR�YHULI\�WKH�UHTXLUHPHQWV�E\�WHVWLQJ�DORQH��5REXVWQHVV�DQG�UHOLDELOLW\�KDYH�WR�GHVLJQHG�LQWR�WKH�SURGXFW��QRW�DGGHG�LQ�WKH�WHVW�SKDVH�

Figure 1. The V- model - Feed back delays

3. Proposed procedures,Q�DQ�LWHUDWLYH�DQG�KHXULVWLF�GHVLJQ�SURFHVV�WKH�GHVLJQHU�QHHG�WR�KDYH�IHHG�EDFN�RQ�WKH�SHUIRU-PDQFH�RI�D�SURSRVHG�GHVLJQ��7KHUHIRUH�WKH�WLPH�WR�FORVH�WKLV�IHHGEDFN�ORRS�LV�FULWLFDO��7KH�IHHG�EDFN�WLPH�IURP�WKH�¿HOG�LV�W\SLFDOO\�\HDUV��7KH�IHHG�EDFN�WLPH�IURP�V\VWHP�WHVW��LQWHJUDWLRQ�WHVW�DQG�FRPSRQHQW�WHVW�LV�W\SLFDOO\�PRQWKV��7KHUHIRUH�LW�LV�QRW�SRVVLEOH�IRU�WKH�GHVLJQHU�WR�PDNH�PDQ\�GHVLJQ�LWHUDWLRQV��%XW�DW�WKH�ERWWRP�RI�WKH�9��LV�WKH�GHVLJQ�SURFHVV�EHIRUH�DQ\�KDUGZDUH�LV�SURGXFHG�� ,W� LV�SURSRVHG� WR�PDNH�D� ODUJH�QXPEHU�RI�GHVLJQ� LWHUDWLRQV�KHUH��:LWK�D�VKRUW�IHHGEDFN�WLPH�PRUH�GHVLJQ�LWHUDWLRQV�FDQ�EH�PDGH��DQG�WKH�¿QDO�GHVLJQ�FDQ�EH�PRUH�UREXVW�DQG�UHOLDEOH��$�QXPEHU�RI�PHWKRGV�DUH�SRVVLEOH�IRU�WKLV�SXUSRVH��$UYLGVVRQ�DQG�*UHP\U���������7KHVH�PHWKRGV�FDQ�RIWHQ�FORVH�WKH�IHHG�EDFN�ORRS�LQ�PLQXWHV�WR�GD\V��([DPSOHV�DUH��'HVLJQ�UHYLHZ��,(&���������)DLOXUH�0RGH�(IIHFW�&ULWLFDOLW\�$QDO\VLV��)0(&$���,(&���������)DXOW�7UHH�$QDO\VLV��)7$���,(&���������'HVLJQ�RI�([SHULPHQW��'2(���,(&���������)LQLWH�(OHPHQW�$QDO\-VLV��)(0���7ROHUDQFH�$QDO\VLV��,(&��������DQG��(EUR��+RZDUG�DQG�5DVPXVVHQ���������/RDG�6WUHQJWK�DQDO\VLV��&DUWHU���������$QDO\VLV�RI�GHJUHH�RI�IUHHGRP�>�@��LQWHUIDFH�DQDO\VLV��(EUR��+RZDUG�DQG�5DVPXVVHQ��������DQG�0RQWH�&DUOR�DQDO\VLV��'XEL���������6RPH�RI�WKHVH�PHWK-RGV�ZLOO�EH�GLVFXVVHG�LQ�WKH�IROORZLQJ��,W�LV�SURSRVHG�WKDW�GHVLJQ�JXLGHOLQHV�DUH�GHYHORSHG�IRU�FULWLFDO�GHVLJQ�GHWDLOV��EDVHG�RQ�DQDO\VLV��VLPXODWLRQ�DQG�GHVLJQ�RI�H[SHULPHQW��'2(���3UDFWLFDO�H[DPSOHV�RI�VXFK�JXLGHOLQHV�ZLOO�EH�GHVFULEHG�LQ�WKH�IROORZLQJ�

4. Guidelines based on design of experiment (DOE)'HVLJQ�RI�H[SHULPHQWV�ZDV�XVHG�WR�GHYHORS�WKH�GHVLJQ�JXLGHOLQHV�GHVFULEHG�LQ�&ODXVH����0RVW�'HVLJQ�RI�([SHULPHQWV�UHTXLUHV�KDUGZDUH��EXW�WR�GD\�'2(�LV�RIWHQ�XVHG�WR�UHGXFH�WKH�QXPEHU�RI�VLPXODWLRQV�PDGH��IRU�H[DPSOH�)(0�VLPXODWLRQV���-RQHV�DQG�-RKQVRQ��������(YHQ�LI�KDUG-ZDUH�LV�UHTXLUHG�'2(�FDQ�EH�PDGH�RQ�GHVLJQ�GHWDLOV�WR�VDYH�WLPH�DQG�UHVRXUFHV��)RU�UREXVW-QHVV�WKH�'2(�LV�RIWHQ�FRPELQHG�ZLWK�WKH�6LJQDO�1RLVH��6�1��SKLORVRSK\�RI�7DJXFKL��3KDGNH��������DQG��6LQJK�HW�DO���7KH�6LJQDO�1RLVH�SKLORVRSK\�UHJDUGV�WKH�SDUDPHWHUV�WKDW�WKH�GHVLJQHU�

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5. Guidelines based on tolerance analysis$�PDMRU�IDFWRU�LQ�UREXVW�GHVLJQ�LV�WKH�YDULDWLRQ�RI�GLPHQVLRQV�GXH�WR�WKH�PDQXIDFWXULQJ�SUR-FHVVHV��DV�H[SUHVVHG�E\�WROHUDQFHV��7KHUH�DUH�GLIIHUHQW�PHWKRGV�WR�RSWLPL]H�WROHUDQFH�IRU�H[-DPSOH�WKH�7DJXFKL�ORVV�IXQFWLRQ��3KDGNH��������WKDW�XVH�'2(�WR�¿QG�WKH�RSWLPXP�WROHUDQFHV�2IWHQ�VHYHUDO�WROHUDQFHV�KDYH�WR�EH�FRPELQHG�WR�HYDOXDWH�WKH�LQÀXHQFH�RQ�WKH�IXQFWLRQ��7KLV�FDQ�EH�GRQH�XVLQJ�DQDO\WLFDO�PHWKRGV�DV�IRU�H[DPSOH�WKH�VTXDUH�URRW�RI�WKH�VXP�RI�WKH�VWDQ-GDUG�GHYLDWLRQV�VTXDUHG��)RU�PRUH�FRPSOLFDWHG�FRPELQDWLRQ�RI�WROHUDQFHV��D�0RQWH�&DUOR�VLP-ulation can be used.7R�DFKLHYH�D�UREXVW�GHVLJQ�WKH�WROHUDQFHV�VKRXOG�EH�VHOHFWHG�VR�WKH\�KDYH�WKH�OHDVW�LQÀXHQFH�RQ�WKH�RXWSXW�SDUDPHWHU�DV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����7KH�LQÀXHQFH�RI�GLPHQVLRQ�*�RQ�WKH�RXWSXW�SDUDPHWHU��9�*��LV�VKRZQ�DV�WKH�VORSH�RI�WKH�VWUDLJKW�OLQH�

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6. Design guidelines based on Load-Strength)RU�PHFKDQLFDO�IDLOXUHV�WKH�/RDG�6WUHQJWK�PHWKRG�ZDV�GHYHORSHG��&DUWHU���������7KH�PHWKRG�KDV�VLQFH�EHHQ�XVHG�DOVR�IRU�HOHFWULFDO�GHVLJQ��7KH�LGHD�LV�WKDW�WKH�GHVLJQ�ZLOO�IDLO�LQ�WKH�PR-PHQW�ZKHQ�WKH�ORDG��/��LV�ODUJHU�WKDQ�WKH�VWUHQJWK��6���%XW�WKH�VWUHQJWK�RI�WKH�SURGXFW�LV�QRW�RQH�QXPEHU��EXW�D�GLVWULEXWLRQ�GXH�WR�YDULDWLRQV�LQ�WROHUDQFHV��PDWHULDO�SDUDPHWHUV�DQG�SURFHVVLQJ��Also the load can be modeled as a distribution. The load varies due to conditions of use and HQYLURQPHQWV��,W�LV�QRZ�HYLGHQW�DV�VKRZQ�RQ�)LJXUH���WKDW�WKH�DUHD�RI�RYHUODS�EHWZHHQ�WKH�WZR�FXUYHV�LV�SURSRUWLRQDO�WR�WKH�SUREDELOLW\�RI�IDLOXUH��)RU�WKH�JHQHUDO�FDVH�LQ�)LJXUH���WKH�UHOLDELOLW\��5��DQG�WKH�SUREDELOLW\�RI�IDLOXUH��)��FDQ�EH�FRPSXWHG�DV�D�GRXEOH�LQWHJUDO�DV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����6RIWZDUH�SURJUDPV� OLNH�:HLEXOO���FDQ�VROYH� WKLV� LQWHJUDO� IRU�:HLEXOO�GLVWULEXWHG� ORDG�DQG�VWUHQJWK��/�6��FXUYHV��)RU�GHVFULSWLRQ�RI�WKH�:HLEXOO�GLVWULEXWLRQ�VHH��,(&���������)RU�SRZHU�WUDQVLVWRUV�ȕ ����DQG�ȕ ����KDV�EHHQ�REVHUYHG�IRU�WKH�VWUHQJWK�DQG�ȕ ����DQG�ȕ ����IRU�WKH�load.

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References

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