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CS 350Chapter-6
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A brief history of TCP/IP
1983 TCP/IP came to ARPAnet
ARPAnet and MILNET dissolved in 1990
BSD UNIX
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TCP/IP and the DoD Model
Process/Application
Host-to-Host
Internet
Network Access
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The Application Layer Protocols
Telnet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Network File System (NFS)
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The Application Layer Protocols
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Post Office Protocol (POP)
Internet Message Access Protocol, Version 4(IMAP4)
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (VOIP)
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) (VOIP)
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The Application Layer Protocols
Line Printer Daemon (LPD) -- printer
Line Printer Remote(LPR) -- client
X Window
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Secure Shell (SSH)
Hyper Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Hyper Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
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The Application Layer Protocols
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
Secure Copy Protocol (SCP)
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
Domain Name Service (DNS)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
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The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Source port (16 bits) Destination Port (16 bits)
Sequence number (32)
Acknowledge number (32)
Header length(
4)
Reserved (6)
Code Bits (6)
Window (16)
Checksum (16) Urgent (16)
Options (0 or 32 if any)
Data (varies)
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The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Source port (16 bits) Destination Port (16 bits)
Length (16) Checksum(16)
Data (if any)
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The Host-to-Host Layer ProtocolsTCP UDP
Sequenced Unsequenced
Reliable Unreliable
Connection-oriented Connectionless
Virtual circuit No virtual circuit
High overhead Low overhead
Acknowledgements No acknowledgements
Windowing flow control No Windowing or flow control
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Port Number
TCP UDP
Telnet 23 SNMP 161
SMTP 25 TFTP 69
HTTP 80 DNS 53
FTP 20, 21 BOOTPS/DHCP 67
DNS 53
HTTPS 443
SSH 22
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The Internet Layer Protocols
Internet Protocol (IP)
Version(4)
Header Length
(4)
Priority and Type of Service(8)
Total Length(16 bits)
Identification (16) Flags(3)
Fragment offset (13)
Time to Live (8) Protocol (8) Header Checksum (16)
Source IP Address (32)
Destination IP Address (32)
Options (0 or 32 if any)
Data (varies if any)
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Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP)CharacteristicsProvide hosts with network problem information
Encapsulated in IP datagrams
ICMP messagesDestination Unreachable
Buffer full
Hops – reach hop number
Ping – check connectivity
Traceroute – discover the path
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ARP and RARP
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Data Encapsulation
Data transmission
Address in layers