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Telecom Reform v.s. Telecom Regulation
Telecom reform: to facilitate the transition from monopoly to market
Telecom regulation: means to supplement the market force
Both India and China is in the transitional phase of telecom reform.
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Four Key Factors of Reform
Independence of regulator Market liberalization Privatization Legal framework
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Independence of Regulator
In China, market was liberalized in 1994 but the independent regulator (Ministry of Information Industry) has not been established until 1998.
The dual status of the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications led to a twisted asymmetric regulation in such areas as interconnection
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Independence of Regulator
In India: DoT had been regulator, licensor, policy maker, incumbent operator until TRAI was established in 1997 although the market was liberalized in 1994
TRAI (since 1997) + DoT TRAI was an independent regulator
without much power until TRAI Act of 2000
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Market Liberalization
Structural approach: e.g. splitting up the incumbent in geography and service
Behavioral approach: e.g. regulation on interconnection, CPP v.s. RPP
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Privatization
India: pro-privatization – pave the way for the regulator to deploy pro-market policy
China: pro-state ownership, and the regulator always fall in the dilemma between defending users’ interests and strengthening the state assets – a deadlock for further reform
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Legal Framework
A legal framework may lead to low efficiency but can enhance confidence for investors
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Thank You and welcome to Hong Kong Mobility Roundtable 2005!(http://www.hongkongmobility.ust.hk)