Download - Crises of the Late Middle ages
CRISES OF THE LATE MIDDLE
AGES
CALAMITOUSca·lam·i·tousextremely unfortunate: causing great trouble, tragedy, or disaster
GEOGRAPHY
Europe in 1400
GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE IN 1400From 1300-1400 states consolidated their
holdings = fewer small states
Major states at this time:England Union of Kalmar = Norway, Sweden,
DenmarkScotland Poland-LithuaniaPortugal BohemiaFrance HungaryAustria Wallachia (= Romania today)Ottoman Empire
Do not yet exist as we know them today:Spain, Italy, Germay = still not unitedRussia = still under Mongol Yoke (1237-1480)
THE GREAT SCHISMWhat is a “schism”?
splitWhat do you think
split?
What are the 2 things we’ve recently discussed have weakened the power of the pope. Crusades Black Plague
CRISIS #1
Many village priests ____________.
Bishops sold ___________. This called simony.
Kings were appointing ___________.
THREE PRACTICES THAT WEAKENED THE CHURCH
married
positions
bishops
1. French pope electedA. Capital moved from Italy to France (weakened the church)
2. French pope dies; people want an Italian pope
3. Italian pope is chosen; people later regret decision
THE GREAT SCHISM 0F 1378 – CRISIS #1
1. Another French pope is elected
A. There are TWO popes (Great Schism)!
2. Resolution: a THIRD pope
3. Final resolution: council forces all three popes to resign
4. Picked a new pope greatly weakened papacy
THE GREAT SCHISM
After Charlemagne passed away, did an emperor have control over Europe?Lords had powerCreation of HRE
Because towns were growing, government was starting to develop
What do you think the first two countries to develop out of Western Europe England and France
BEFORE WE GET TO CRISIS #3…
England was founded by the Angles “Land of the Angles”
A non-Anglo, William the Conqueror invades England in 1066.
Juries are introduced by Henry II (1154-1189) in English courts
John (1199-1216) agrees to the Magna Carta in 1215.• Limited the king’s power • Gave rights to the people
Edward I (1272-1307) calls the Model Parliament in 1295.
QUICK HISTORY OF ENGLAND
Hugh Capet increases the territory of France.
Phillip II wanted to make a strong government Established bailiffs to preside over
courts and collect taxes Louis IX (1226-1270) creates a
French appeals court. Royal court could overturn local
courtsPhilip IV (1285-1314) adds Third
Estate (commoners) to Estates General Commoners were now part of the
law making process
QUICK HISTORY OF FRANCE
Who do you think it was between?
CRISIS #3: THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR
The last Capetian king left no heir in France. Only his grandson, Edward III
However Edward III, was the king of England
Lasted from 1337-1453 (116 years)
LEADING TO THE WAR…
Feelings of nationalism in both countries Pride in fighting for
king/countryFrench monarch gains powerEngland – war of the Roses
Some think this is the end of the Middle Ages Feudalism and religion had
died
EFFECTS OF HUNDRED YEARS WAR