High and Late Middle Ages

1050-1450

Where it begins…- Feudalism is the way of life

- Church & Nobles have a great deal of the power

- Monarchs will attempt to take power back

Who’s Next- King Edward dies

- Harold vs. Duke William

- Duke has Pope’s support

- Invasion of England

William The Conqueror- Monitors Castles- Allegiance of Vassals- Census- Domesday- Had to follow Customs- Jury System- William vs. Church- Thomas Beckett- Archbishop of Canterbury- Trend?

King John- Son of Henry

- Faced Phillip II of France, Pope Innocent III, and his own nobles

- Lost to Phillip, Lost Anjou & Normandy

- Lost to Pope- excommunicated

- Lost to Nobles- Magna Carta

Magna Carta- Rebellious Barons- Affirmed Feudal Rights- Legal rights- People/Church- Due Process & Habeas Corpus- Monarchy must obey law- Council before taxation

Parliament- Evolved from councils- Unified England, How?

- House of Nobles & House of Commons- Check’s who?

Successful Monarchy of France

• 987- Capetians take throne

• Unbroken for 300 years

• Effective Bureacracy

• Taxes & Law

• Gained Middle class backing

Phillip II- Granted Charters

- Standing Army

- National Tax

- Gained English lands in Anjou & Normandy

- At time of death, most powerful ruler

Philip IV- Ruthlessly extends royal power- Attempts taxes from clergy- Ignored rules and arrested clergy that did not

pay- Clashed with Boniface VIII- Sends troops to seize Pope- dies- Papalcy moved to Avignon France- why?

Louis IX - King & Saint- Justice & Chivalry- 2 Wars against Muslims, persecuted

Jews & Heretics- Royal Courts- Officials to check on officials- Outlawed private wars-ends serfdom-

significance?

Estates General- Reps from 3 classes- clergy, nobles,

townspeople

- Difference from Parliament?

Holy Roman Empire- After death what happened?- Duke Otto I - King of Germany- What is Germany?- Central & eastern Europe, parts of France & Italy- Bishops appointed to government- Helps Pope against rebellious nobles- Crowned- HRE- Emperors chose bishops, issue?

Pope vs. HRE- Pope Gregory VII- Wants to separate from secular rulers- Banned Lay Investiture- Emperor Henry IV- Henry is exiled, Forgiven before new HRE- Henry invades Rome, exiles Pope- 1122- Concordat of Worms- Church picks

Bishops

Struggle for Italy- Frederick Barbarossa- tried for Northern

Italy, defeated by the pope and Lombard League

- Fredrick II- Clashed with Popes- HRE- fragmented in feudal states- Southern Italy & Sicily- upheaval- Spain, France, & Pope try to gain

influence

Height of Church Power- Innocent III - Claimed Papal Supremacy

- Launched Crusade against French that wanted to purify church

- Monarchs begin to centralize power, clash over clergy taxation

- Phillip- helps get Pope elected, power of papacy declines

CrusadesCauses?

Effects?

Motives?

Crusades- Holy Land

- Pope Urban II

- Crusades on Europe

- Economic expansion

- Increased Power of Monarchs

- The Church

- Wider World View

Reconquista in Spain- Expel Muslims

- 1300 Christians Control much of Iberian Peninsula except for Granada

Ferdinand and Isabella- Drove Muslims from Granada- Spain

unified

- Under Muslims- Religious toleration

- Isabella Ends toleration

- Started the Inquisition

Inquisition & Impact

Literature, Learning & Arts

Education- Academic Guilds

- Student Life

- Women and Education

Europeans Acquire New Learning

- Spread of Learning- Muslims

- Philosophy

- Science & Math

Medieval Literature- Epics/Long narratives

- Dante’s Divine Comedy

- Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales

Architecure & Art- Romanesque

- Gothic

- Illuminated Manuscripts

Romanesque

Gothic

Illuminated Manuscripts

Black Death

Post-Plague Church- Many died during the plague

- Tough spiritual church

- Luxury- for Pope in Avignon

- Caused a schism-1378-1417, ended with new pope from church council

Hundred Years’ War- English vs. France

- Longbow helped Britain.

- Joan of Arc rallies France

- French have cannon

- Kings expand power

- Parliament will have more power as well

Ready to Change- Renaissance, Reformation, Age of

Exploration