Download - Components of Earth. Biotic and Abiotic Factors Spaceship Earth Closed System Resources are limited
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Components of Earth
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
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Spaceship Earth
• Closed System
• Resources are limited
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Why is earth so favorable for life?
• Distance from the sun (Temp range)
• Size of the planet (Gravity)
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What sustains life on earth?
• Earth’s 4 spheres help support organisms– Atmosphere– Hydrosphere– Geosphere– Biosphere
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Atmosphere
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
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Geosphere
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• Crust, mantle, core
• Crust - 1% Earth’s mass thinnest layer
• Mantle - layers beneath the crust
• Core - innermost layer
Composition of Earth
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Structure of the Earth
• Four layers– Lithosphere – Asthenosphere – Outer core– Inner core
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Structure of the Earth• Lithosphere (outer layer)
• crust and uppermost part of the mantle
• divided into pieces called tectonic plates
• Earthquakes (Ritcher Scale)
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• Asthenosphere – Solid layer of rock beneath the lithosphere – Flows very slowly allowing tectonic plates to
move an top of it
• Outer core – Dense liquid layer
• Inner core – dense mostly made up of metals iron and
nickel
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Atmosphere
• Nitrogen (makes up the majority), oxygen, carbon dioxide
• Insulates the Earth’s surface reducing the rate that Earth loses heat
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• Concentration of gases and particles are constantly changing
• Gases and particles are pulled towards the Earth by gravity becoming densest by the Earth’s surface
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4 Layers of the Atmosphere
• Troposphere
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Thermosphere
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Troposphere• Closest to the Earth’s surface
• Weather occurs in this layer of the atmosphere
• Temperature decreases as altitude increases. (Particles become further apart)
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Stratosphere Located above the
troposphere
Ozone layer, O3 absorbs the sun’s UV
energy, warms the air reduces the amount of
radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface
High temp
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Mesosphere • Lies between the
stratosphere and the thermosphere
• It is the coldest layer of the atmosphere
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Thermosphere• Layer farthest from the Earth’s surface
– Nitrogen and oxygen absorb solar radiation causing them to become electrically charged
– can produce radiant energy (light) known as
the aurora borealis.
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Energy in the Atmosphere
• Sun’s energy can be transferred by;radiation
convection
conduction
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Radiation • Heat travels across
space and in the atmosphere
Conduction
•Heat from a warmer object flowing to a colder object when in direct contact
Convection • Heat transfer by
currents (Hot air rises, cold air sinks
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Movement of Energy in the Atmosphere
• Air is constantly moving • Troposphere
– currents of lighter air warmed by the Earth’s surface rise into the atmosphere
– The currents of heavier air (cooler) sink towards the ground.
• The rise and sink pattern of air creates a circular current known as convection current.
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Greenhouse Effect• Trapped gases heat the Earth
– natural process that keeps the environment at temperatures in which life can exist
• When these gases known as greenhouse gases become abundant– water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous
oxide – a thicker insulating layer forms trapping in
more heat
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Hydrosphere
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Includes all of the water on or near the Earth’s surface
• Water;
% Fresh?
% Salt?
% Ice?
• Do you know?
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Earth’s Oceans
•Important role in regulating our world’s environment
•Absorbs over half the solar radiation
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Biosphere
•Abiotic and Biotic Factors
•Uppermost part of the geosphere, most of the hydrosphere, and lower part of the atmosphere
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Ecosystems (Sun)
• One – way flow of high – quality from the sun– Energy is lost as heat through process
• Warms atmosphere
• Evaporates and recycles water
• Generates winds
• Supports plant growth
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Cycling of Matter
• Fixed supply of nutrients are continually recycled– Carbon– Nitrogen– Phosphorus– Potassium
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Ecosystem Components• Life exists in biomes and aquatic life zones
• Biomes – Category given to regions of the world where
the plant and animal life are defined by the region’s climate
• Temperature• Precipitation
– Savannas, deserts, tropical rain forests, alpine, temperate, arctic, taiga
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Population
• Limiting factors– Resources– Law of tolerance
• too much or too little of abiotic factor• Nutrients, precipitation, temperature
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Biological Components
• Producers
• Consumers
• Biodiversity
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Producers
• Autotrophs
• Make their own food
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Consumers
• Heterotrophs
• Feed on other organisms– Omnivores– Carnivores– Herbivores– Detritivores
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Food ChainVS
Food Web
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Feeding levels• Trophic levels
– Producers are the lowest level– Primary consumers– Secondary consumer– Tertiary consumer and so on
• 10% rule, 90% energy lost as heat, growth, reproduction
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