Download - Community Diagnosis - OHCEA
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COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
JIMMY OSURETMaKSPH
MPH 20 June, 2016
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Definition of a Community
• A cluster of people with at least one common characteristic (geographic location, occupation, ethnicity, housing condition etc.)
• A group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society
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Components of a Community
• A community is a whole entity that functions because of the interdependence of its parts or subsystems.
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subsystems
• Physical environment/housing
• Education
• Safety and transportation
• Politics and government
• Health and social services
• Communication
• Economics
• recreation
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Subsystems of the community/HOUSING
• What type of housing facilities are there in the community?
• Are there enough housing facilities available?
• Are there housing laws/regulations governing the people?
• What are these laws?
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Subsystems of the community/EDUCATION
• These include laws, regulations, facilities, activities affecting education, teacher student ratios, distribution of schools, what informal educational facilities & activities exist in the community
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Subsystems of the community/Safety and transportation
• Fire protection facilities and fire prevention activities.
• Type of transport systems
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Subsystems of the community/politics and government
• Political structures present in the community, decision-making process/pattern leadership styles observed etc.
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Subsystem of the community/Health
• Health facilities & activities distribution, utilization, ratio of providers to clients served; priorities in health, programs developed
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Subsystems of the community/communication
• Systems, types of communication, be it formal or informal
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Subsystems of the community/Economic
• Occupation, types of economic activities, income etc.
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Subsystems of the community/Recreation
• Recreational activities/facilities; types; consumers, appropriateness to consumers etc.
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Community diagnosis definition
• Community diagnosis is a comprehensive assessment of health status of the community in relation to its psychosocial, physical and biological environment.
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definition
• Community diagnosis generally refers to the identification and quantification of health problems in a community as a whole in terms of mortality and morbidity rates and ratios, and identification of their correlates for the purpose of defining those at risk or those in need of health care.
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Purpose of community diagnosis
• Evaluate existing problems, determine available health resources, services and systems of care in order to set priorities for planning, implementing and evaluating health action, by and for the community.
• It helps to find the common problems or diseases, which are troublesome to the people and are easily preventable in the community.
• Community diagnosis can be a pioneer step for betterment of rural community health.
• It is a tool to disclose the hidden problems that are not visible to the community people but are being affected by them.
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Purpose of community diagnosis continued
• It helps to access the group of underprivileged people who are unable to use the available facilities due to poverty, prevailing discriminations or other reasons.
• It helps to find the real problems of the community people which might not have perceived by them as problems.
• Assess attitudes toward community health services and issues and hence It helps to impart knowledge and attitudes to turnover people’s problems towards the light of solution.
• Identify priorities, establish goals, and determine courses of action to improve the health status of the community
• Establish an epidemiologic baseline for measuring improvement over time.
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Community assessment methods
Analysis of health event: involves identification and characterizationIdentification of the health event: collect data qualitatively and quantitativelyCharacterization and prioritization: rank based on frequency; magnitudeVulnerability analysis: individuals, household, community using simple ranking scores: determine factors responsible for vulnerabilityCapacity analysis: existing capabilitiesSetting priorities and translating priorities into action plan: based on information gathered –prevention , mitigation and preparedness
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Description of a community problem (for research; development; business)
• Is there a problem statement? Does it cover the following cardinal questions?
• What is the problem
• What is the magnitude of the problem?
• What are the key issues/areas of the concern need to be addressed
• How will information generated be used to change policy and practice.