Colonies Review
Thirteen Colonies
Colonies established by the English broken up into 3 sections New England- Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut, New Hampshire Middle- New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
Delaware Southern- North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,
Maryland, Georgia
Country- EnglandKey People-John Winthrop- Mass.Thomas Hooker-Conn.Roger Williams- R.I.Description--very little farming- too cold and rocky.
Subsistence farming.-fishing- huge supply of cod, oysters,
lobsters.-trade- easy access to trade with Britain.
Country: Dutch, EnglishKey people: William Penn (Pennsylvania)Description:-very diverse-some farming and trading-Quakers form a religious settlement
Country- EnglishKey People-Virginia- John SmithMaryland- George CalvertGeorgia- James OglethorpeDescription:-large plantations-slave labor-very fertile land-long growing season-grow cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo,
tobacco
Roger Williams- Puritan who left Massachusetts Bay Colony and Established Rhode Island
James Oglethorp - English general who founded Georgia Colony, as a debtors colony
William Penn- Quaker leader who establishes the Pennsylvania Colony, a model of freedom and tolerance
Quakers
A. William Penn-leader of QuakersB. Quakers refused to support Church of
England, pay taxes, or serve in the armyC. King Charles II owed Penn’s father
money and gave Penn land in North America
Types of Colonial Charters
Proprietary Colonies – colonial charter given to one or more individuals (proprietors) (i.e. Pennsylvania)
Company (charter) Colonies – colonial charter given to a company or group of settlers (i.e. Virginia)
Royal Colonies – colonies directly controlled by the crown (i.e. New York)
Act of Toleration
1649 The Act of Toleration was formed and passed
The Act of Toleration-provided religious freedom for all Christians
Passed in Maryland
Debtors- people who owe money
Indentured Servant- people whose passage to the new world was paid for in exchange for working for a period of 5 to 7 years
Puritans- Protestant sect that wanted to purify the Church of England, establish in the New England Colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion Plantations were growing and the economy
was doing well Colonial officials began demanding more
taxes
Mid 1600s poor colonists began to protest because they couldn’t pay
Also felt colonial government was not protecting them from Native Americans
1676-Nathaniel Bacon led groups of former indentured servants to attack friendly Native Americans
Growth of Slavery
Enslaved Africans used farming skills they brought from Africa
By 1700’s plantations in the South had come to rely on slave labor
Major force in economy of south
Representative Government
House of Burgesses- the first representative government of the Jamestown colony
Mayflower Compact- Document establishing guideline to self government, written by Pilgrims
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- establishes self government in colony of Connecticut
The Great Awakening
Widespread Christian movement involving sermons and revivals that emphasized faith in God and Calvinist teachings
Led by preacher John Edwards
Foundations for American Revolution