Colonies Review

Thirteen Colonies

Colonies established by the English broken up into 3 sections New England- Massachusetts, Rhode Island,

Connecticut, New Hampshire Middle- New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,

Delaware Southern- North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,

Maryland, Georgia

Country- EnglandKey People-John Winthrop- Mass.Thomas Hooker-Conn.Roger Williams- R.I.Description--very little farming- too cold and rocky.

Subsistence farming.-fishing- huge supply of cod, oysters,

lobsters.-trade- easy access to trade with Britain.

Country: Dutch, EnglishKey people: William Penn (Pennsylvania)Description:-very diverse-some farming and trading-Quakers form a religious settlement

Country- EnglishKey People-Virginia- John SmithMaryland- George CalvertGeorgia- James OglethorpeDescription:-large plantations-slave labor-very fertile land-long growing season-grow cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo,

tobacco

Roger Williams- Puritan who left Massachusetts Bay Colony and Established Rhode Island

James Oglethorp - English general who founded Georgia Colony, as a debtors colony

William Penn- Quaker leader who establishes the Pennsylvania Colony, a model of freedom and tolerance

Quakers

A. William Penn-leader of QuakersB. Quakers refused to support Church of

England, pay taxes, or serve in the armyC. King Charles II owed Penn’s father

money and gave Penn land in North America

Types of Colonial Charters

Proprietary Colonies – colonial charter given to one or more individuals (proprietors) (i.e. Pennsylvania)

Company (charter) Colonies – colonial charter given to a company or group of settlers (i.e. Virginia)

Royal Colonies – colonies directly controlled by the crown (i.e. New York)

Act of Toleration

1649 The Act of Toleration was formed and passed

The Act of Toleration-provided religious freedom for all Christians

Passed in Maryland

Debtors- people who owe money

Indentured Servant- people whose passage to the new world was paid for in exchange for working for a period of 5 to 7 years

Puritans- Protestant sect that wanted to purify the Church of England, establish in the New England Colonies

Bacon’s Rebellion Plantations were growing and the economy

was doing well Colonial officials began demanding more

taxes

Mid 1600s poor colonists began to protest because they couldn’t pay

Also felt colonial government was not protecting them from Native Americans

1676-Nathaniel Bacon led groups of former indentured servants to attack friendly Native Americans

Growth of Slavery

Enslaved Africans used farming skills they brought from Africa

By 1700’s plantations in the South had come to rely on slave labor

Major force in economy of south

Representative Government

House of Burgesses- the first representative government of the Jamestown colony

Mayflower Compact- Document establishing guideline to self government, written by Pilgrims

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- establishes self government in colony of Connecticut

The Great Awakening

Widespread Christian movement involving sermons and revivals that emphasized faith in God and Calvinist teachings

Led by preacher John Edwards

Foundations for American Revolution