Download - Cofiring of biomass with municipal solid waste and sludge in Brescia waste incineration plant
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ASM Brescia S.p.a. Utility services : Data 1999
ELECTRIC POWER1.175 GWh
DRINKING WATER46 Mm3
DISTRICT HEATING 1.030 GWh
NATURAL GAS332 Mm3
SEWAGE WATER34,0 Mm3
STREET LIGHTING31.101 point
PUBLIC TRANSPORT30,2 M passengers
WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL (t)
landfill 387.027waste to energy 371.703separate collect. 53.544
total 758.730
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DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK
414 km of double pipe
120.000 inhabit.supplied
31,5 Mm3 heated vol.
9800 clients
650 MWth200 MWe
1 km
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
To keep a positive rate of development
without compromising the availability of
resources and the quality of environment for
future generations
1
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BRESCIA INTEGRATED SYSTEM
· Waste prevention
· Separate collection (for material recycling)
· Composting of organic waste
· Energy from remaining waste
· Safe landfilling of residues
4
WASTE MANAGEMENT
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11
15,719,3
2426,4
29,6 31,3
37,3
6,3
05
10152025303540
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
SEPARATE WASTE COLLECTION IN BRESCIA
(percentage on waste produced )
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CENTRALIZED SELECTION PLANT
(1988)
SEPARATION IN ORIGIN WITH
PEOPLE INVOLVEMENT
(1991)
6
PROJECT EVOLUTION
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BRESCIA WTE PLANT
1. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
2. HIGH EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY RECOVERY
3. RELIABILITY, SAFETY, AVAILABILITY
DESIGN GOALS:
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THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY PRODUCTION IS AN IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FACTOR, AS IT ALLOWS BOTH
THE SAVING OF NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES AND THE
AVOIDANCE OF EMISSIONS FROM POWER PLANTS FIRED WITH TRADITIONAL FOSSIL FUELS.
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COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EMISSIONS FROM WTE PLANTS
AND TRADITIONAL FUEL PLANTS
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AVOIDED EMISSION PER TON OF TREATED WASTE
(compared with landfill disposal of waste, electricity production with heavy oil ,heat production with natural gas)
% kg/twaste t/100.000 t waste
Dust - 94 0,11 11
SO2 - 93 3,64 364
NOx - 47 0,64 63
CO2 - 43 760 76.000
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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DUSTSO2NOxHClHFCO
Pb+Cr+Cu+Mn
Ni+AsCd)HgPACDioxine (ng/Nm3)
COMPONENTSEUROPEAN
UNION
ITALY EXISITING
PLANTS
AUTOR.
REGION.
ITALY
NEW
PLANTS
ASM DESIGN
ACTUAL VALUES
30 10 30 10 5 <1300 150 300 100 100 <30
200 200 <100 <10050 30 50 20 20 5-202 1 2 1 1 <0,1
100 100 100 50 50 <20
51
0,20,10,1
2
0,050,1
5
1
0,2
0,5
0,050,050,010,1
0,050,05
0,5
0,010,1 <0,01
<0,01
<0,002<0,002
<0,001
STACK EMISSION COMPARISON
DIR 89/369 40001/93 DM 503/97 DM 503/97
-
--
600
--
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ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
1. CLOSED BUILDINGS, AT NEGATIVE PRESSURE 2. ADVANCED COMBUSTION
. Fully automatic waste feeding, grate movement and combustion control
. “expert system” with infrared camera control
. 30 compartments under grate, with automatic indipendent primary air flow control
. Flue gas recirculation3. DRY GAS CLEANING SYSTEM
(LIME+ACTIVE CARBON)4. FABRIC FILTER WITH 6 INDEPENDENT
SECTIONS5. REAGENT SILOS AND DOSING EQUIPMENT FULLY
REDUNDANT6. MINIMUM WATER CONSUMPTION. NO LIQUID
EFFLUENTS7. LOW NOISE COMPONENTS AND DESIGN
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NET ENERGY EFFICIENCY
1. LOW COMBUSTION ECCESS AIR 2. HIGH HEAT RECOVERY FROM COMBUSTION GASES (FROM 1100 TO 130°C TO HIGH PRESSURE STEAM)3. COMBUSTION AIR PRE-HEATING (WITH LOW
PRESSURE STEAM)4. LOW POWER SELF CONSUMPTION5. HIGH STEAM DATA 60 BAR-450°C6. HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE AND THERMAL CYCLE 7. POWER AND HEAT COGENERATION
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OPERATION RELIABILITY AND SAFETY1 PROVEN AND RELIABLE TECHNOLOGIES
2. WIDE TOLERANCE TO WASTE COMPOSITION
(6,3 - 13,8 Mj/kg)
3. REDUNDANCY FOR CRITICAL SYSTEM
4. HIGH LEVEL OF AUTOMATION
(15.000 PROCESS PARAMETERS REPORTED TO
CONTROL ROOM)
4. DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM
5. REDUNDANCY IN MEASURES AND PROCESS
DATA 16
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WASTE IS A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE, AS IT IS MAINLY MADE BY
VEGETABLE-CELLULOSIC SUBSTANCES; THE NON
RENEWABLE COMPONENTS WHICH ARE PRESENT, FOR INSTANCE
PLASTIC, WOULD OTHERWISE BE DISPOSED OF BY LANDFILL, WHICH
PERMITS ONLY VERY LITTLE ENERGY RECOVERY
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WTE BRESCIAWASTE CAPACITY 2 X 23 t/h
2 x 88,3 MWwaste
ENERGY RECOVERED (NET)ELECTRICITYHEAT TO DISTRICT HEATING
200 Gwhe/a350 GWhth/a
ENERGY NET EFFICIENCYELECTRICITYHEAT TO DISTRICT HEATING
TOTAL
25%57%------82%>
PRIMARY ENERGY SAVING 80,000 Tons oil eq./a
AVOIDED CO2 EMISSIONS 200,000 T/a
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CO-COMBUSTION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE
• Closed system: no odours emissions; employees have no contact with the sludge.
• 20 - 50 % dry substance.• Solid pumps feed the sludge from 2 x 255 m3 silos to the
spreaders in closed pipelines over a distance of 150 m.• Two spreaders with bilateral feed into each furnace.• Uniform distribution of the sewage sludge is effected by
varing the rotor speed and the discharge angle.• Sewage sludge particles do not clump together: good burnout.
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Sewage sludge - MSW co-combustionOperating Results
Boiler load % 70 80
Sludge flow m3/h 0 3
Steam production t/h 70 83
Furnace temp. C 951 971
CO mg/Nm3 7.5 11.9
NOx mg/Nm3 78.5 70.5
O2 mg/Nm3 8.3 7.0
Unit 1 Unit 2
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BIOMASS CO-COMBUSTIONIN BRESCIA WTE PLANT
• 218.000 t of municipal solid waste• 40.000 t of biomass
WASTE DATA 1999:
• 370.000 t of municipal solid waste• 16.000 t of biomass
WASTE DATA 2000 (FIRST SIX MONTH):
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BRESCIA WTE PLANT
• Pulper from paper recycling processes• Wood chips• Sewage sludge• Marc (residues from wine production)
BIOMASS RECOVERED:
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SCHEMA CICLO TERMICO
212 t/h 60 bar 450 °C
5 MW
45 MW
55 °C
70 °C
102 MW115 °C
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SCHEMA IMPIANTO TRATTAMENTO FUMI
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Waste-to-Energyunit cost & revenues(without incentives)
ECU/ton waste Total (MECU/a)
COSTSInvestment pay off (k=0,1) 50,00 17,50Personnel (80 pers. - 42.500 ECU/p x a) 9,50 3,30Maintenance (4% of plant investm.) 17,00 6,00Bottom ash (50 ECU/t - 25% of waste) 12,50 4,40Gas cleaning residue (200 ECU/t - 5%) 10,00 3,50Chemicals 3,00 1,00Others 2,50 0,90
104,50 36,60
REVENUES (from energy)electricity (0,045 ECU/kWh) 25,50 8,90heat (0,012 ECU/kWh) 12,00 4,20
37,50 13,10
WASTE DISPOSAL COST 67,00