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CMOS Linear Mixer Designfor
High Performance Receiver Applications
Jiming Jiang 22 Sept 2005
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge
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Design Issue
• Non-linearity
• Bandwidth
• Power Consumption
• Conversion Gain
• Noise
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Target Specification
150MHz
300MHz
1.5GHz
0dB
10-15dB
5-10dBm
0.35um
5dB 0-5dB
5-10dB 10dB
5dBm 0-5dBm
1.2GHz600MHz400MHzBandwidth
2.5GHz1.2 GHz600MHzIntermediate Frequency
10GHz 5GHz2.5GHzRadio Frequency
0-5dBConversion Gain
10dBNoise Figure
5dBmIIP3
0.09um 0.13um0.18umProcess
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1 2
212 122
Fundamental
IMD3IMD3
Non-linearity: Third Order Inter-modulation Distortion
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Analysis Methods for Prediction of Non-linearity
• Taylor series– Simple approach but not adequate for high frequency analysis
• Harmonic balance– Accurate but only suitable for numerical work, eg computer simulation
• Volterra series– Accurate but complicated procedure demanded
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XTTzzsCT
sA
ssA
sssAIM sggs 234
1
3
1
211
2,1,133 2)(1
)(
4
3
)2(
)(
4
3
IMD3 using Volterra Series
)2(
),,(
4
3
211
21133 SSA
SSSAIM
)]()()()(2][1))(
)([(2
4
31
213212
2
SDSDTSDSDTSCg
gSCggSCZZ
T gdds
mgddsmgssg
Common Source:
Differential Pair:
)]2()2(3
1)()(
3
2[ 11
1
2 szsAszsAT
TX ss
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Inductance Negative real number Decrease
Capacitance Positive real number Increase
)(1 sggs zzsC sgsZsC
Discussions:Linearity improvement methods
Discussion 1: Linearity Enhancement based on degeneration component
Discussion 2:Linearity based on A1(s) and T1
Increasing A1(s) -> Linearity decrease
Increasing T1 -> Linearity increase
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Linearity Enhancement With Capacitance and Degeneration Inductance
gZ
I
inV
sZ
inV
I
External C
sL
With source and degeneration impedance With external capacitance and degeneration inductance
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1I
inV inV
R R
1I
inV inVL L
inV inVC
Resistive CapacitiveInductive
Good Linearity
Noisy resistance
Good Linearity
No noise Added
Bad Linearity
Noisy Source
Conclusion
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IIP3 With Swept Inductance and Capacitance Value
NB: Simulation is based on AMS 0.35um BSIM3 Model
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1I
inVL L
inV
Inductance degeneration Capacitance degeneration
Simulation Circuit Setup
CinV inV
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Without Improvement (IIP3=10dbm)
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With Improvement (IIP3=23.5dBm)
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inPP outPP inAP outAPInput Output
Transconductance Switching stage
inPP
outPP
inAP
outAP
Input
Output
Proposed Linearity Enhancement method: Pre-Distortion