Download - CLIMATE CHANGE, WATER MANAGEMENT, AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE NORTHERN SAVANNAH ECOLOGICAL ZONE
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CLIMATE CHANGE, WATER MANAGEMENT, AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE NORTHERN
SAVANNAH ECOLOGICAL ZONE
Water Resources Commission
Three Dimensional Model (P3DM) Presentation Workshop.
RCC _Bolgatanga
May 27, 2011
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CLIMATE CHANGE
Evidence
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NIncrease in Mean Annual Temperature
• Gradual increase in Temp. by 1.9oC
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NMean monthly rainfall
• Reduction in rainfall over the decades.
0
100
200
300
April May June July Aug Sept Oct
Month
Rain
fall (
mm
)
1961-1975 1976-1990 1991-2003
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NEvapotranspiration (Navrongo)
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N– The NSEZ experiences a single rainfall regime in a year
from April/May to October with a peak in September.
– More than 80% of the total annual rainfall is
recorded in just four months (June to Sept)
– During the dry season (November to March)
there is very little or no rainfall at all
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Daboya gauging station
0
100
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900
01/0
1/20
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01/0
2/20
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01/0
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01/0
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01/0
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01/0
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01/0
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01/0
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01/0
9/20
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01/1
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Dai
ly f
low
(m
3 /s)
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COUPLED WITH
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Land use (Cultivating along River banks)
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RESULTS IN EXTREME EVENTS
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NFloods during rainy season
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N
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N... And droughts during the dry season
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Key Factors in WRM
Interactions among these factors determine the environmental quality of the RIVER BASIN
PEOPLEWATER RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENT
DEGRADATION
POLLUTION
POLLUTIONDEGRADATION
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NIWRM – Linking Water use Sectors
Eco
-sys
tem
Ind
ust
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Oth
ers
Fo
od
Peo
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WATER USE SECTORS IW
RM
CROSS-SECTORAL DIALOGUE
IWRM is the ‘integrating handle’ leading from
Sub-sectoral to cross-sectoral water management
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Constraining factors in ensuring Food Security:
• Soil nutrients
• Water• Energy• Capital• Labour• Markets
farming systems more resilient to rainfall variability
Increase buffering capacity:
- control over water
- capital goods: grain, livestock
-financial insurance
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NConservation and Protection of source
• Create a buffer• Keep good soil and water managment practices
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NReservoirs
xx
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NSmall reservoirs
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Structural measures:- Multipurpose Dams and reservoirs,- Channel improvements.
Non-structural: flood forecasting and warning;flood plain regulation;development policies (master plans)information and education
Preserving the natural resources of flood plains through flood plain zoning and regulation
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NSustainable Water Management for
Food Security involves all
Research
Basin Management
Technical Services
NGOs and Civil Society
Chiefs & Land Owners
Women’s Groups
Youth
Farmers and herdsmen
Traditional Authorities
Metropolitan/Municipal/District
Assembly
Water User association
Nat. res. User group
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NPossible Challenges
• Diversity in institutional mandates and interests• Human and Financial Resources • Linking water governance to the MDGs• Administrative boundary thinking and planning• Active involvement of Research • Transboundary water management Issues• Bringing the communities along as partners, is
important for sustainability but slow and expensive
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NConclusion
• Integration of downstream and upstream, quantity and quality, surface water and groundwater issues
• Integration of land use and water resources in a practical manner.
• Integration of environmental and socio-economic issues into evolving management plans and regulatory decisions.
• Facilitates the practical integration of downstream and upstream as well as basin-wide issues
• Address the linkages between water resources management and the management of land and other related resources