Download - Classification of Infectious Disease
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Classification of the infection
diseases
Sorokhan V.D., MD, PhD
Bukovinian State Medical UniversityDepartment of the infectious diseases and
epidemiology
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Microbiological Classification of Infectious
Diseases
Bacterial Gram-negativeGram-positive
Viral DNA virus
RNA virusEnveloped vs non-enveloped
Fungal Disseminated
Localized
Parasitic Protozoa
Helminths
Prion
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Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negativebacteria are
those that are
stained red orpink by Gram
staining
Gram-negative Pseudomonasaeruginosabacteria (pink-red rods)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_Gram.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staining -
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Gram negative
CocobacilliH. Influenzae, B. Pertussis
Brucella spp., F. TularensisP. Multosida, L. pneumophila
CocciNeisseria spp.
Bacilli
N. MeningitidisGlucose andmaltose +
N. GonnorrhoeaeGlucose +
Lactose + Lactose -
Slow fermenterCitrobacterSerratia
Fast fermenter
KlebsiellaE.Coli
Enterobacter
Oxidase +V.CholeraeP. aeruginosa
Strict anaerodeB. fragilis
Oxidase -
Urease Y. Pestis
S. DysenteriaeSalmonnela spp.
Urease +P. MirabilisH. pylori
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Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteriaare those that arestained dark blue or
violet by Gram staining.This is in contrast to
Gram-negativebacteria, which cannotretain the crystal violetstain, instead taking up
the counterstain
(safraninor fuchsine)and appearing red orpink.
Gram-positive Bacillusanthracisbacteria (purplerods) in cerebrospinal fluidsample. The other cells are
white blood cells.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterstainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safraninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gram_Stain_Anthrax.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safraninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterstainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria -
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Gram positive
cocciBacilli, Corinebacterium
Clostridium, Listeria, Bacillus
Staphylococcuscatalase +
Streptococcuscatalase -
S. AureusCoagulase + Coagulase -
-hemolytic
-hemolyticS. Pneumoniae
S. ViridansS. Mutans
-hemolyticE. Faecalis
E. Faecium
S. EpidermisNovobiocinsensitive
S. SaprophyticusNovobiocinresistant
Group A
S. Piogenes
Group B
S.agalactiae
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Genus Importantspecies
Gramstaining
Shape Capsulation Motility Respiration
Bordetella Bordetellapertussis Gram-negative Smallcoccobacilli Encapsulated aerobic
Borrelia Borreliaburgdorferi
Gram-negative, butstains poorly
highly motile
Brucella Brucella abortus
Brucella canisBrucellamelitensisBrucella suis
Gram-
negative
Small
coccobacilli
Unencapsulated Aerobic
Campylobacter Campylobacterjejuni
Gram-negative
Curved, spiral,or S-shapedwith single,polar
flagellum
characteristicdartingmotion
microaerophilic
Basic laboratory characteristics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccobacillihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borreliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_abortushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_canishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_melitensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_melitensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_suishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccobacillihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter_jejunihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter_jejunihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microaerophilichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microaerophilichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter_jejunihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter_jejunihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccobacillihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_suishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_melitensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_melitensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_canishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_abortushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borreliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccobacillihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staining -
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Genus Importantspecies
Gramstaining
Shape Capsulation Motility Respiration
ChlamydiaandChlamydophila ChlamydiapneumoniaeChlamydiatrachomatisChlamydophilapsittaci
(not Gram-stained) Small, round,ovoid motile Facultative orstrictly aerobic
Clostridium ClostridiumbotulinumClostridiumdifficileClostridiumperfringensClostridiumtetani
Gram-positive
Large, blunt-ended rods
mostlymotile
Obligateanaerobic
Corynebacterium Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae
Gram-positive(unevenly)
Small,slender,pleomorphic
rods
unencapsulated nonmotile Mostlyfacultativeanaerobic
Enterococcus EnterococcusfaecalisEnterococcusfaecium
Gram-positive
Round toovoid
FacultativeAnaerobic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_(bacterium)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila_psittacihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila_psittacihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_perfringenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_perfringenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_tetanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_tetanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacterium_diphtheriaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacterium_diphtheriaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleomorphichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faeciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faeciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faeciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faeciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleomorphichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacterium_diphtheriaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacterium_diphtheriaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_tetanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_tetanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_perfringenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_perfringenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila_psittacihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila_psittacihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_(bacterium)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staining -
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Genus Importantspecies
Gramstaining
Shape Capsulation Motility Respiration
Legionella Legionellapneumophila
Gram-negative, butstains poorly
Slender rod innature,cocobacillary
in laboratory.monotrichiousflagella
unencapsulated motile
Leptospira Leptospirainterrogans
Gram-negative, butstains poorly
Long, veryslender,flexible,spiral- orcorkscrew-
shaped rods
highly motile
Listeria Listeriamonocytogenes
Gram-positive,darkly
Slender, shortrods
Distincttumblingmotility inliquidmedium
Mycobacterium Mycobacteriumleprae
MycobacteriumtuberculosisMycobacteriumulcerans
(none) Long, slenderrods
nonmotile aerobic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospira_interroganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospira_interroganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_lepraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_lepraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_ulceranshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_ulceranshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_ulceranshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_ulceranshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_lepraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_lepraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospira_interroganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospira_interroganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staining -
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Genus Importantspecies
Gramstaining
Shape Capsulation Motility Respiration
Mycoplasma Mycoplasmapneumoniae
(none) Plastic,pleomorphic
Neisseria NeisseriagonorrhoeaeNeisseriameningitidis
Gram-negative
Kidney bean-shaped
aerobic
Pseudomonas Pseudomonasaeruginosa
Gram-negative
rods encapsulated motile Obligate aerobic
Rickettsia Rickettsiarickettsii
Gram-negative, butstains poorly
Small, rod-likecoccobacillary
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_gonorrhoeaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_gonorrhoeaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_rickettsiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_rickettsiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_rickettsiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_rickettsiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_gonorrhoeaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_gonorrhoeaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staining -
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Genus Importantspecies
Gramstaining
Shape Capsulation Motility Respiration
Salmonella Salmonella typhiSalmonellatyphimurium
Gram-negative
Facultativeanaerobic
Shigella Shigella sonnei Gram-negative
rods Facultativeanaerobic
Staphylococcus StaphylococcusaureusStaphylococcusepidermidisStaphylococcussaprophyticus
Gram-positive,darkly
Round cocci Facultativeanaerobic
Streptococcus StreptococcusagalactiaeStreptococcuspneumoniaeStreptococcuspyogenes
Gram-positive
ovoid tospherical
nonmotile Facultativeanaerobic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhimuriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhimuriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigella_sonneihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_saprophyticushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_saprophyticushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_agalactiaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_agalactiaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_agalactiaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_agalactiaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_saprophyticushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_saprophyticushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigella_sonneihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhimuriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhimuriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staining -
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Genus Importantspecies
Gramstaining
Shape Capsulation Motility Respiration
Treponema Treponemapallidum
Gram-negative,but stainspoorly
Long,slender,flexible,spiral- orcorkscrew-shaped rods
highlymotile
Vibrio Vibriocholerae
Gram-negative
Short,curved, rod-shaped withsingle polar
flagellum
rapidlymotile
Facultativeanaerobic
Yersinia Yersiniapestis
Gram-negative,stainsbipolarly
Small rods encapsulated nonmotile FacultativeAnaerobe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treponemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treponema_pallidumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treponema_pallidumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibriohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_choleraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_choleraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_choleraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_choleraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibriohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treponema_pallidumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treponema_pallidumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treponemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staining -
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Bordetellapertussis
Contact withrespiratorydroplets expelledby infectedhuman hosts.
Whooping cough
Complications:
Secondarybacterialpneumonia
Macrolideantibiotics
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Pertussisvaccine, DPTvaccine
Directimmunofluorescence
PCR amplification
Borreliaburgdorferi
Ixodesticksreservoir in deer,mice and otherrodents
Lyme disease Early stages:cephalosporinsamoxicillindoxycycline
If arthriticsymptoms haveappeared:
Longer courses
of antibiotics
Lyme vaccine
wearingclothing thatlimits skinexposure toticks
insectrepellent
Microscopy usingGiemsaor Wrightstain
PCR
serology(lowprecision rate)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_coughhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPT_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPT_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCR_amplificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoxicillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_repellenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_repellenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giemsa_stainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_stainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_stainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_stainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_stainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giemsa_stainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_repellenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_repellenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoxicillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCR_amplificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPT_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPT_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_coughhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Chlamydiapneumoniae
Respiratorydroplets
Community-acquiredrespiratoryinfection
Doxycycline
Erythromycin
None None for routine use
Chlamydiatrachomatis
Sexual (NGU,LGV)
Direct orcontaminatedsurfaces and flies(trachoma)
Passage throughbirth canal (ICN)
Nongonococcalurethritis(NGU)
Lymphogranuloma venereum(LGV)
Trachoma
Inclusionconjunctivitis of
the newborn(ICN)
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Tetracyclines
Doxycycline
No vaccine
Erythromycinor silvernitrate innewborn'seyes
Safe sex
Cellular cytoplasmicinclusions byimmunofluorescence
DNA hybridization
ELISAforlipopolysaccharides
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_conjunctivitis_of_the_newbornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nongonococcal_urethritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nongonococcal_urethritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_conjunctivitis_of_the_newbornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_conjunctivitis_of_the_newbornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_conjunctivitis_of_the_newbornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_hybridizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_hybridizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_conjunctivitis_of_the_newbornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_conjunctivitis_of_the_newbornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_conjunctivitis_of_the_newbornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nongonococcal_urethritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nongonococcal_urethritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_conjunctivitis_of_the_newbornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Chlamydophilapsittaci
Inhalation ofdust withsecretions orfeces from birds(e.g. parrots)
Psittacosis Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Erythromycin(less efficient)
Rise in antibody titreComplement fixation
indirectimmunofluorescence
Clostridiumbotulinum
Spores from soiland aquaticsedimentscontaminatingvegetables, meatand fish
Botulism Antitoxin(horseantiserum)
Proper foodpreservationtechniques
Mouse inoculationdetects toxin fromfood, intestinalcontents or serum
Culture in standardaerobic culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila_psittacihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila_psittacihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittacosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antitoxinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiserumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiserumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antitoxinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittacosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila_psittacihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila_psittacihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Clostridiumdifficile
Spores bothindoors andoutdoors
Human flora,overgrowingwhen other florais depleted
Pseudomembranous colitis
Discontinuingpredisposingantibiotic
Fluid andelectrolytereplacement
Vancomycinormetronidazoleifsevere
None ELISAfor ToxinELISAfor toxin A orB
Endoscopyforpseudomembrane
Clostridiumperfringens
Spores in soil
Human florainvagina and GItract
Gas gangrene
Acute foodpoisoning
Anaerobiccellulitis
Food poisoning:
Self-limiting;Supportive careis sufficient
Appropriatefood handling
Microscopically
Blood agar culture,forming double-zone-hemolysis
Sugar fermentation
Organic acid
production
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomembranous_colitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomembranous_colitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_perfringenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_perfringenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_gangrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_cellulitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_cellulitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_hemolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_hemolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_hemolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_hemolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_hemolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_cellulitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_cellulitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_gangrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_perfringenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_perfringenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomembranous_colitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomembranous_colitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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-
8/12/2019 Classification of Infectious Disease
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Enterococcus
faecalisandEnterococcusfaecium
Part of human
flora,opportunisticorentering throughGI tract orurinary systemwounds
Nosocomial
infections
Penicillin and an
aminoglycosideVancomycin
Quinupristinanddalfopristin
No vaccine
Hand washingand othernosocomialprevention
Culture in 6.5%
NaClCan hydrolyzeesculininpresence of bile
Escherichia coli(generally)
Part of gut flora,spreading
extraintestinallyor proliferating inthe GI tract
Urinary tractinfections
(UTI)
Diarrhea
Meningitis ininfants
UTI:
Co-trimoxazole
Fluoroquinolone,e.g. ciprofloxacin
Meningitis:
Cephalosporinandgentamicincombination
Diarrhea:
Antibiotics aboveshorten duration
Electrolyte and fluidreplacement
(no vaccine orpreventive drug)
Food and waterpreparation
Hand washingand disinfection
Culture onMacConkey agar
and studycarbohydratefermentationpatterns: Lactosefermentation(most E. colistrains). Gasproduction inglucosefermentation
Mannitolfermentation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faeciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faeciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoglycosidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinupristinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalfopristinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosocomialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosocomialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esculinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_colihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infectionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infectionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-trimoxazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroquinolonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprofloxacinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprofloxacinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroquinolonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-trimoxazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-trimoxazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-trimoxazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infectionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infectionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_colihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esculinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosocomialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosocomialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalfopristinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinupristinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoglycosidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faeciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faeciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Francisella
tularensis
vector-borne by
anthropods
Infected wild ordomestic animals,birds or housepets
Tularemia Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Avoiding insect vectors
Precautions whenhandling wild animalsor animal products
rarely cultured)
Serology
Haemophilus
influenzae
Droplet contact
Human flora ofe.g. upperrespiratory tract
Bacterial
meningitisUpperrespiratory tractinfections
Pneumonia,bronchitis
Meningitis:
(resistance-testsare required first)
Third generationcephalosporin,e.g. cefotaximeorceftriaxone
Ampicillinandsulbactam
combination
Hib vaccineto infants
Rifampinprophylactically
Culture on chocolate
agarwith hemin(factor X) and NAD+(factor V)
Quellung reaction
Immunofluorescencestaining of capsule
Detection of capsularantigen in CSFor
other body fluids
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisella_tularensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisella_tularensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tularemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefotaximehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceftriaxonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampicillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulbactamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hib_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quellung_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quellung_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hib_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulbactamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampicillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceftriaxonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefotaximehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tularemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisella_tularensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisella_tularensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratory diagnosis
Helicobacterpylori
Colonizingstomach
Unclearperson-to-persontransmission
Peptic ulcer
Risk factor forgastriccarcinomaandgastric B-celllymphoma
Tetracycline,metronidazole
and bismuth saltcombination
(No vaccineor preventive
drug)
Microscopically Corkscrewmovement
Urease-positivity byradioactively labeled urea
Serology by ELISA
Legionellapneumophila
Dropletcontact, frome.g. coolingtowers,humidifiers, airconditionersand waterdistributionsystems
Legionnaire'sDisease
Pontiac fever
Macrolides, e.g.erythromycinorazithromycin
Fluoroquinolones
(no vaccine orpreventivedrug)
Heating water
Culture from respiratorysecretions on buffered charcoalyeast extractenriched with L-cysteine, iron and -ketoglutarate
Serology, including directimmunofluorescence andradioimmunoassay for antigenin urine
Hybridization to ribosomal RNA
using DNA probe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylorihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylorihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_lymphomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_lymphomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth_salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidifiershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaire's_Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaire's_Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroquinolonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast_extracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysteinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-ketoglutaric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-ketoglutaric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-ketoglutaric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-ketoglutaric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-ketoglutaric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-ketoglutaric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysteinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast_extracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroquinolonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaire's_Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaire's_Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidifiershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth_salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_lymphomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_lymphomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_lymphomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_lymphomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylorihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylorihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Leptospira
interrogans
Food and water
contaminatedby e.g. urinefrom wild ordomesticanimals.Leptospirasurvives forweeks instagnant water
Leptospirosis Penicillin G
Tetracycline,e.g.doxycycline
(no vaccine)
Doxycycline
Prevention ofexposure
Rodent control
Dark-field microscopy
on fresh blood smear(but doesn't stainwell)
Serologicagglutionation tests
Listeriamonocytogenes
Dairy products,ground meats,poultry
Verticalto
newborn orfetus
Listeriosis Ampicillin
Co-trimoxazole
(no vaccine)
Proper foodpreparation andhandling
Isolation from e.g.blood and CSF
Beta-hemolysisandcatalase production
on blood agarMicroscopy formorphology andmotility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospira_interroganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospira_interroganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin_Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodent_control&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodent_control&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-field_microscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeriosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampicillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-trimoxazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-hemolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-hemolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-hemolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-hemolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-trimoxazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-trimoxazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-trimoxazolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampicillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeriosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-field_microscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-field_microscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-field_microscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodent_control&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodent_control&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin_Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospira_interroganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospira_interroganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention
laboratory diagnosis
Mycobacteriumleprae
Prolongedhuman-humancontact, e.g.throughexudates fromskin lesions toabrasion ofother person
Leprosy(Hansen'sdisease)
Tuberculoid form:
Dapsoneand rifampin
Lepromatous form:
Clofazimine
BCGvaccineshowssomeeffects
Tuberculoid form:
Hard to isolate (diagnosison clinical findings andhistology of biopsies)
Lepromatous form:
Acid-faststaining frome.g. skin scrapings
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Droplet contact Tuberculosis Standard "short"
course:
First 2 months,combination: IsoniazidRifampicinPyrazinamideEthambutol
Further 4 months,combination: Isoniazid
Rifampicin
BCG
vaccine
Isoniazid
Ziehl-Neelsenstain
showing acid-fastbacteria
Hybridization probesforDNA, succeeded by PCR
Culture on Lowenstein-Jensenagar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_lepraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_lepraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clofaziminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clofaziminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_Calmette-Gu%C3%A9rinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_Calmette-Gu%C3%A9rinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoniazidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrazinamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethambutolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoniazidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_Calmette-Gu%C3%A9rinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_Calmette-Gu%C3%A9rinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoniazidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziehl-Neelsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowenstein-Jensenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowenstein-Jensenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowenstein-Jensenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowenstein-Jensenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowenstein-Jensenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziehl-Neelsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziehl-Neelsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziehl-Neelsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoniazidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_Calmette-Gu%C3%A9rinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_Calmette-Gu%C3%A9rinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoniazidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethambutolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrazinamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoniazidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_Calmette-Gu%C3%A9rinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_Calmette-Gu%C3%A9rinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clofaziminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clofaziminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_lepraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_lepraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
8/12/2019 Classification of Infectious Disease
26/64
Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Mycoplasma
pneumoniae
Human flora
Droplet contact
Mycoplasma
pneumonia
Doxycyclineand
erythromycin
(difficult to culture)
Serologic tests, e.g.complement fixationtest
DNA probesonsputum specimens
Neisseriameningitidis
Respiratorydroplets
Meningococcaldiseaseincluding
meningitis
Waterhouse-Friderichsensyndrome
Penicillin G
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-
135vaccine
Rifampin
Microscopy showinggram-negative
diplococci, often withPMNs
Culture on chocolateagar, giving positiveoxidase testandfermentation ofglucose and maltosein 5% CO2 in air
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_fixation_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_fixation_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_probeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhouse-Friderichsen_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhouse-Friderichsen_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhouse-Friderichsen_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin_Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefotaximehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceftriaxonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphonuclear_leukocyteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphonuclear_leukocyteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceftriaxonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefotaximehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin_Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhouse-Friderichsen_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhouse-Friderichsen_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhouse-Friderichsen_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhouse-Friderichsen_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_probeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_fixation_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_fixation_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
8/12/2019 Classification of Infectious Disease
27/64
Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Infects
damagedtissues orpeople withreducedimmunity
Pseudomonas infection
Localized to eye, ear,skin, urinary,respiratory orgastrointestinal tract orCNS, or systemic withbacteremia, secondarypneumonia bone and
joint infections,endocarditis, skin, softtissue or CNSinfections.
Aminoglycoside
and anti-pseudomonal -lactam
(no vaccine)
Topical silversulfadiazineforburn wounds
Colourless
colonies onMacConkey agar.
Production ofpyocyanineandfluorescein
Positive oxidasetest. No lactosefermentation.
Rickettsiarickettsii
Bite of infectedwoodor dog
tick
Rocky mountainspotted fever
Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol
no preventivedrug or approved
vaccine)Vector control,such as clothing
Prompt removal ofattached ticks
Serology
Immunofluoresce
nceagainstRickettsiaantigens
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoglycosidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_sulfadiazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_sulfadiazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyocyaninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoresceinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_rickettsiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_rickettsiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermacentor_variabilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhipicephalus_sanguineushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhipicephalus_sanguineushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_mountain_spotted_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_mountain_spotted_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloramphenicolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloramphenicolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_mountain_spotted_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_mountain_spotted_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhipicephalus_sanguineushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhipicephalus_sanguineushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermacentor_variabilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_rickettsiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_rickettsiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoresceinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyocyaninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_sulfadiazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_sulfadiazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoglycosidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
8/12/2019 Classification of Infectious Disease
28/64
Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Salmonella typhi Human-human
Fecal-oralthrough foodor water
Typhoid fevertypesalmonellosis(dysentery,colitis)
Ceftriaxone
Fluoroquinolones,e.g. ciprofloxacin
Ty21aandViCPSvaccines
Hygiene andfood preparation
Isolation from blood,feces, bone marrow,urine or rose spots onskin
Colorless, non-lactosefermenting colonieson MacConkey agar
Serology forantibodies against O
antigen
Salmonellatyphimurium
Fecal-oral
Foodcontaminated
by fowl (e.g.eggs), petsand otheranimals
Salmonellosiswithgastroenteritisandenterocolitis
Fluid andelectrolytereplacement forsevere diarrhea
Antibiotics (inimmunocompromised to preventsystemic spread)
(No vaccine orpreventive drug)
Proper sewage
disposalFood preparation
Good personalhygiene
Colourless colonies onMacConkey agar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonellosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceftriaxonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroquinoloneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprofloxacinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty21ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_antigenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_antigenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhimuriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhimuriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonellosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocolitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocolitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonellosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhimuriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhimuriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_antigenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_antigenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty21ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprofloxacinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroquinoloneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceftriaxonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonellosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_typhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
8/12/2019 Classification of Infectious Disease
29/64
Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Shigella sonnei Fecal-oral
FliesContaminatedfood or water
Bacillarydysentery/Shigellosis
Ciprofloxacinorazithromycin
Protection ofwater andfood supplies
Vaccines arein trial stage
Culture onHektoen agarorother media forintestinalpathogens
Staphylococcusaureus
Human floraon mucosaein e.g.anterior nares
and vagina,enteringthroughwound
Coagulase-positivestaphylococcal infections:
Localized skin infections
Diffuse skin infection(Impetigo)
Deep, localized infections
Acute infective endocarditis
Septicemia
Necrotizing pneumonia
ToxinosesToxic shocksyndrome
Staphylococcal foodpoisoning
Incision anddrainage oflocalized lesions
Nafcillinand
oxacillinVancomycinforMethicillin-resistant(MRSA)
(no vaccine orpreventivedrug)
Barrier
precautions,washinghands andfomitedisinfection inhospitals
Microscopyshowing stronglypositive Gramstainedcells in
grape-like clustersPositive Catalasetestandcoagulase test
Culture onenriched mediaproducing deepyellow, hemolytic
colonies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigella_sonneihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprofloxacinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hektoen_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membranehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nareshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcal_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impetigohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective_endocarditishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septicemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotizing_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxinoseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_shock_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_shock_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcal_food_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcal_food_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafcillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxacillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxacillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafcillinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcal_food_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcal_food_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_shock_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_shock_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxinoseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotizing_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septicemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective_endocarditishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impetigohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcal_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nareshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membranehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hektoen_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprofloxacinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigella_sonneihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
8/12/2019 Classification of Infectious Disease
30/64
Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratory diagnosis
Staphylococcusepidermidis
Human flora inskin andanterior nares
Infections ofimplantedprostheses, e.g.heart valves andcatheters
Vancomycin None Microscopy showing stronglypositive Gram stainedcells ingrape-like clusters
Positive Catalase testbutnegative coagulase test
Novobiocin-sensitivity (S.epidermidis)
Novobiocin-resistance (S.saprophyticus)
Culture on enriched mediaproducing white, nonhemolyticcolonies
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Respiratory
dropletsOften humanflora innasopharynx(spreading inimmunocompromised)
Acute bacterial
pneumonia&meningitisinadults
Otitis mediaandsinusitisinchildren
Penicillin G
Vancomycinfor resistantstrains
23-serotype
vaccine foradults (PPV)
Heptavalentconjugatedvaccine forchildren (PCV)
Microscopy showing gram-
positive, encapsulated lancet-shaped diplococci
-hemolysison blood agar, bile-soluble, optochin-sensitive
Positive Quellung reaction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novobiocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novobiocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin_Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_polysaccharide_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quellung_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quellung_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_polysaccharide_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin_Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_pneumoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novobiocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novobiocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
8/12/2019 Classification of Infectious Disease
31/64
Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Streptococcus
pyogenes
Respiratory
dropletsDirect physicalcontact withimpetigolesions
Streptococcal
pharyngitisScarlet fever
Rheumatic fever
Impetigoanderysipelas
Puerperal fever
Necrotizingfasciitis
Penicillin G
Macrolide, e.g.clarithromycinorazithromycininpenicillin allergy
Drainage anddebridementforNecrotizingfasciitis
No vaccine
Rapid antibiotictreatment helpspreventrheumatic fever
Culture on sheep
blood agarforming small,opalescentsurrounded bylarge zone of -hemolysis
Serology forASO
Very bacitracin-
sensitiveVibrio cholerae Contaminated
water and food,especially rawseafood
Cholera Fluid andelectrolytereplacement
e.g. doxycyclineto shortenduration
Preventing fecalcontamination ofwater suppliesand food
Adequate foodpreparation
Culture on bloodor MacConkeyagar, enhancedby TCBS
Positive oxidasetest
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impetigohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcal_pharyngitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcal_pharyngitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlet_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheumatic_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impetigohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erysipelashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerperal_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotizing_fasciitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotizing_fasciitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin_Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debridementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheep_blood_agar&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheep_blood_agar&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-streptolysin_Ohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacitracinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_choleraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiosulfate_citrate_bile_sucrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiosulfate_citrate_bile_sucrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycyclinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_choleraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacitracinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-streptolysin_Ohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheep_blood_agar&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheep_blood_agar&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debridementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarithromycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin_Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotizing_fasciitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotizing_fasciitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerperal_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erysipelashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impetigohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheumatic_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlet_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcal_pharyngitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcal_pharyngitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impetigohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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Species of human pathogenic bacteria
Species Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
Yersinia pestis Fleasfromanimals
Ingestion ofanimal tissues
Respiratorydroplets
Plague:
Bubonic plague
Pneumonicplague
Streptomycinprimarily
Gentamicin
Tetracyclin
Supportivetherapy for shock
Formalin-killedplague vaccine
Minimizeexposure torodents and fleas
Gram-negativesmear
If pneumonic,culture fromaspirate onMacConkeyorblood agar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_(disease)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubonic_plaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonic_plaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonic_plaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacConkey_agarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyclinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonic_plaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonic_plaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubonic_plaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_(disease)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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Comparison table of clinically important virus families and species
Family Baltimoregroup
Important species envelopment Virion shape Replicationsite
Adenoviridae dsDNA adenovirus non-enveloped icosahedral nucleus
Picornaviridae +ssRNA coxsackievirus, hepatitis Avirus, poliovirus, rhinovirus
non-enveloped icosahedral
Herpesviridae dsDNA Herpes simplex, type 1,Herpes simplex, type 2,
Varicella-zoster virus,
Epstein-barr virus, Humancytomegalovirus, Humanherpesvirus, type 8
enveloped nucleus
Hepadnaviridae dsDNAandssDNA
Hepatitis B virus enveloped icosahedral nucleus
Flaviviridae +ssRNA Hepatitis C virus, yellowfever virus, dengue virus,
West Nile virus
enveloped icosahedral
Retroviridae +ssRNA Human immunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)
enveloped
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackievirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex,_type_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex,_type_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella-zoster_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein-barr_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cytomegalovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cytomegalovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_herpesvirus,_type_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_herpesvirus,_type_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepadnaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaviviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaviviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepadnaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_herpesvirus,_type_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_herpesvirus,_type_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cytomegalovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cytomegalovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein-barr_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein-barr_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein-barr_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella-zoster_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella-zoster_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella-zoster_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex,_type_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex,_type_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackievirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_classification -
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Comparison table of clinically important virus families and species
Family Baltimoregroup
Important species envelopment Virion shape Replicationsite
Orthomyxoviridae -ssRNA Influenza virus enveloped spherical nucleus
Paramyxoviridae -ssRNA Measles virus, Mumps virus,Parainfluenza virus,Respiratory syncytial virus,Human metapneumovirus
enveloped spherical
Papillomaviridae dsDNA Human papillomavirus non-enveloped icosahedral nucleus
Rhabdoviridae -ssRNA Rabies virus enveloped helical, bulletshaped
Togaviridae +ssRNA Rubella virus enveloped icosahedral
Parvoviridae ssDNA Human bocavirus, ParvovirusB19
enveloped icosahedral
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthomyxoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramyxoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parainfluenza_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_metapneumovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillomaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_bocavirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvovirus_B19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvovirus_B19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvovirus_B19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvovirus_B19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_bocavirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DsDNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillomaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_metapneumovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parainfluenza_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramyxoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthomyxoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_classification -
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The clinical characteristics of viruses may differ
substantially among species within the same family:
Type Family Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention laboratorydiagnosis
adenovirus adenoviridae droplet contact(mainly)
fecal-oral
venereal
direct contact(ocularinfections)
acute febrilepharyngitis
pharyngoconjunctivalfever
epidemickeratoconjunctivitis
infantilegastroenteritis
None None virusneutralization
hemagglutinationassay
ELISA
Coxsackievirus Picornaviridae fecal-oral,droplet contact
Coxsackie infections None None Cell culture,antibodydetection
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acute_febrile_pharyngitis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acute_febrile_pharyngitis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngoconjunctival_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngoconjunctival_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidemic_keratoconjunctivitis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidemic_keratoconjunctivitis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infantile_gastroenteritis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infantile_gastroenteritis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virus_neutralization&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virus_neutralization&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutination_assayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutination_assayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackievirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coxsackie_infections&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coxsackie_infections&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornaviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackievirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutination_assayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutination_assayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutination_assayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virus_neutralization&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virus_neutralization&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infantile_gastroenteritis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infantile_gastroenteritis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infantile_gastroenteritis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidemic_keratoconjunctivitis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidemic_keratoconjunctivitis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidemic_keratoconjunctivitis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngoconjunctival_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngoconjunctival_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngoconjunctival_feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acute_febrile_pharyngitis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acute_febrile_pharyngitis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine) -
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The clinical characteristi