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Saxifragales, rosids (fabids part I)
Today’s lecture
– Class exercise
• Crassulaceae • Saxifragaceae • Fabaceae
– Class exercise • Rosaceae
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Class exercise – pictionary
Soltis et al., 2011
Monocots'
ANITA'grade'
Magnoliids'
Ranunculaceae'
Caryophyllales'
Saxifragales'
Rosids'
Angiosperm phylogeny
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�Basal eudicots�
Asterids Rosids
Eudicots (Tricolpates)
Angiosperm phylogeny
35 genera; 1,500 species Habit: Leaves: Drought adaptation:
Crassulaceae
Herbaceous to woody (ours usually herbaceous)
Often succulent Usually simple, variously arranged
Thick, waxy cuticle Sunken stomata CAM photosynthesis
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/phoc.html#c4
Crassulaceae
Crassulaceae
Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:
radial
4-5 sepals 4-5 petals
4-10
4-5 carpels, partially fused
superior
Aggregate of follicles
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30 genera, 550 species Habit: Leaves:
Saxifragaceae
Herbaceous
Usually simple Usually alternate, often all basal Palmate veination
Heuchera sanguinea Tellima grandiflora
Saxifragaceae
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Saxifragaceae
Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:
radial
5 sepals 5 petals
5 or 10
Saxifragaceae
Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:
radial
5 sepals 5 petals
5 or 10
2-3 carpels, partially fused
Superior to inferior
Capsule or follicle
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Rosids
Rosids
630 genera; 18,000 species Habit: Leaves: Roots:
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Note: Alternate family names with an -ae ending are accepted for a few families.
Herbaceous to woody (ours usually herbaceous)
Usually compound, alternate, often with stipules
Root nodules
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http://teagueesorientation.wikispaces.com/
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Textbook DVD JRA
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Glycine max
Phaseolus spp. Lens culinaris
Cicer arietinum Arachis hypogaea
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Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Cae
salp
inio
idea
e
Mim
osoi
deae
Fabo
idea
e (P
apili
onoi
deae
)
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Doyle et al., 1997
Caesalpinioideae is paraphyletic
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Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Faboideae (Papilionoideae) Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:
bilateral
5 sepals 5 petals: banner, wings, keel
Diadelphous (9 + 1)
1 simple pistil (1 carpel)
Superior
Legume
Flag flower
Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Mimosoideae
radial
5 sepals, 5 petals inconspicuous
Many: brush flower
1 simple pistil (1 carpel)
Superior
Legume
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Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Caesalpinioideae Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:
bilateral
5 sepals, 5 petals All free
10, free
1 simple pistil (1 carpel)
Superior
Legume
3 Subfamilies based on floral type: Papilionoideae (Faboideae) flowers are typical pea/ “Flag” flowers:
bilaterally symmetric conspicuous petal = banner for attraction 2 wings (that form a landing platform) 2 lower petals fused to form a “keel” (which encloses stamens & carpel) diadelphous stamens (9 fused + 1 free) [di = two]
Mimosoideae flowers are called “brush” flowers
radially symmetric many stamens that are exerted on long filaments and stamens form a brush that covers visiting insects or birds with pollen.
Caesalpinoideae flowers bilaterally symmetric like flag flower but the lower petals are NOT fused into a keel (5 free) and the 10 stamens are all free
Flag Flower
keel
wingwing
Banner
9 fused stamens
1 free stamen
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
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Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
• You have six examples of fleshy fruits belonging to members of Rosaceae.
• Working with your group, try to figure out: – What type of fruit is each one? – How would you classify these six species
into two or more groups?
Class exercise – fruit types
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85 genera; 3,000 species Habit: Leaves:
Rosaceae
Herbaceous to woody
Often compound, alternate, margins serrate, usually with stipules
85 genera; 3,000 species
Rosaceae
“A rose by any other name would smell as
sweet...”
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Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:
Rosaceae
radial
5 sepals 5 petals
many
1 – many
various
various
Rosaceae
Spiraeoideae
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Rosaceae
Rosoideae
Rosaceae
Rosoideae
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Rosaceae
Maloideae (Pomoideae)
Rosaceae
Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae)
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Subfamilies Carpels Fruit type Spiraeoideae 2-5, free or fused follicle or capsule Rosoideae many, free aggregate Amygdaloideae 1 drupe (Prunoideae) Maloideae 2-5, fused pome (Pomoideae)
Rosaceae
(Morgan et al. 1994)
Rosaceae