Civil Rights(1954-1970s)
I. IntroII. Phase I: 1954-63
A. Brown• Earl Warren
B. Bus Boycott• Rosa Parks
III. Phase II: 1963-A. Black PowerB. HispanicsC. AIMD. Women
Key Terms• Brown Decision• Thurgood Marshall• Martin L. King Jr.• Malcolm X• Cesar Chavez• George Mitchell• Dennis Banks• Betty Friedan• Roe vs. Wade• ERA
Focus on Civil Rights Leaders
• Goals • Tactics to achieve goals
Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)
• Separate facilities for different races were legal as long as they were equal in quality.
• “Separate but equal” doctrine.
Railroads in Louisiana were segregated by law
Jim Crow Laws
• State and local laws that established legalized segregation all over the United States.
Brown Decision(Background)
• Brown was prohibited from attending the school near her home because she was black.
Linda Brown & Family
Brown Decision(Two important “players”)
NAACP Attorney who argued the case
Thurgood Marshall Earl Warren
Chief Justice of Supreme Court
Brown Decision: Civil Rights Success(1954)
The Decision:
• The doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place in education.
• Segregation in schools was prohibited.
Bus Boycott(Montgomery, AL, 1955-56)
Rosa Parks
(1913-2005)
Rosa Parks’ Bus
Bus Boycott(Montgomery, AL, 1955-56)
Goal: • Complete integration
of blacks into US society
Tactic:• Non-violent protest
Martin L. King
(1928-1968)
Sit-in Movement
Greensboro, NC: Woolworth lunch counter (1960)
Sit-in Jackson, MS 1963 Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Non-Violent Protest(Birmingham, AL, 1963)
Staging a “pray-in”
Fire-hoses were used against protestors
Black Power
Goals: • Complete separation of
whites & blacks• Urged blacks to be proud
of African heritageTactic:
• Any means necessary
• Later: moved toward integration but was assassinated
Malcolm X
(1925-1965)
Hispanics
Goal: • Provide economic
opportunity to Hispanics
Tactics (nonviolent):• Create a union • Urge consumers to
boycott products until working conditions improved
Cesar Chavez
(1927-1993)
Native Americans
• Dennis Banks & George Mitchell co-founded AIM
Goals: • Publicize problems facing
Native Americans• Reawaken interest in
Indian culture/heritage
Tactic: • Use court system to
reassert treaty rightsDennis Banks
(1937?- )
Women’s Rights
Goal: • Independence &
equality for women
Tactics: • Formed NOW• Influence government
to legislate more equality
Betty Friedan
(1921- 2006)
Women’s Rights
1. Equal Rights Amendment• Would prohibit discrimination based on sex.• It was never ratified by enough states.
2. Roe vs. Wade (1973)
Civil Rights(1954-1970s)
I. IntroII. Phase I: 1954-63
A. Brown• Earl Warren
B. Bus Boycott• Rosa Parks
III. Phase II: 1963-A. Black PowerB. HispanicsC. AIMD. Women
Key Terms• Brown Decision• Thurgood Marshall• Martin L. King Jr.• Malcolm X• Cesar Chavez• George Mitchell• Dennis Banks• Betty Friedan• Roe vs. Wade• ERA
