Civil Rights(1954-1970s)

I. IntroII. Phase I: 1954-63

A. Brown• Earl Warren

B. Bus Boycott• Rosa Parks

III. Phase II: 1963-A. Black PowerB. HispanicsC. AIMD. Women

Key Terms• Brown Decision• Thurgood Marshall• Martin L. King Jr.• Malcolm X• Cesar Chavez• George Mitchell• Dennis Banks• Betty Friedan• Roe vs. Wade• ERA

Focus on Civil Rights Leaders

• Goals • Tactics to achieve goals

Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)

• Separate facilities for different races were legal as long as they were equal in quality.

• “Separate but equal” doctrine.

Railroads in Louisiana were segregated by law

Jim Crow Laws

• State and local laws that established legalized segregation all over the United States.

Brown Decision(Background)

• Brown was prohibited from attending the school near her home because she was black.

Linda Brown & Family

Brown Decision(Two important “players”)

NAACP Attorney who argued the case

Thurgood Marshall Earl Warren

Chief Justice of Supreme Court

Brown Decision: Civil Rights Success(1954)

The Decision:

• The doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place in education.

• Segregation in schools was prohibited.

Bus Boycott(Montgomery, AL, 1955-56)

Rosa Parks

(1913-2005)

Rosa Parks’ Bus

Bus Boycott(Montgomery, AL, 1955-56)

Goal: • Complete integration

of blacks into US society

Tactic:• Non-violent protest

Martin L. King

(1928-1968)

Sit-in Movement

Greensboro, NC: Woolworth lunch counter (1960)

Sit-in Jackson, MS 1963 Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Non-Violent Protest(Birmingham, AL, 1963)

Staging a “pray-in”

Fire-hoses were used against protestors

Black Power

Goals: • Complete separation of

whites & blacks• Urged blacks to be proud

of African heritageTactic:

• Any means necessary

• Later: moved toward integration but was assassinated

Malcolm X

(1925-1965)

Hispanics

Goal: • Provide economic

opportunity to Hispanics

Tactics (nonviolent):• Create a union • Urge consumers to

boycott products until working conditions improved

Cesar Chavez

(1927-1993)

Native Americans

• Dennis Banks & George Mitchell co-founded AIM

Goals: • Publicize problems facing

Native Americans• Reawaken interest in

Indian culture/heritage

Tactic: • Use court system to

reassert treaty rightsDennis Banks

(1937?- )

Women’s Rights

Goal: • Independence &

equality for women

Tactics: • Formed NOW• Influence government

to legislate more equality

Betty Friedan

(1921- 2006)

Women’s Rights

1. Equal Rights Amendment• Would prohibit discrimination based on sex.• It was never ratified by enough states.

2. Roe vs. Wade (1973)

Civil Rights(1954-1970s)

I. IntroII. Phase I: 1954-63

A. Brown• Earl Warren

B. Bus Boycott• Rosa Parks

III. Phase II: 1963-A. Black PowerB. HispanicsC. AIMD. Women

Key Terms• Brown Decision• Thurgood Marshall• Martin L. King Jr.• Malcolm X• Cesar Chavez• George Mitchell• Dennis Banks• Betty Friedan• Roe vs. Wade• ERA