C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N
BiodiversityStrategy 2007-2012
For further information on this strategy phone the City of Kingston on 1300 653 356 or visit: www.kingston.vic.gov.au
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 1
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements 2
Message from the City of Kingston 3
Introduction 4
What is Biodiversity?Why prepare a Biodiversity Strategy?Strategy Outcomes
555
Kingston’s Biodiversity Strategy 6
GoalStrategic Objectives
66
Policy Context 7
International AgreementsNational legislation, policies and programsVictorian legislation, policies and programsRegional legislation, policies and programsLocal strategies, polices and plansBiodiversity Strategies – other CouncilsNon-government organizationsLocal community groups
77899
101010
City of Kingston Policies and Plans 11
Council Plan 2007 - 2012Municipal Strategic StatementKingston Planning SchemeOpen Space Policy and Plan (2000)Street Tree Management PlanLocal Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2006)Kingston Sustainable Water Use Plan (2006)Stormwater Quality Management Plan (2000)Natural Resource Area Management PlansKingston Foreshore Strategy (1999)Kingston Foreshore Waterways Landscape Guidelines (2002)
1112121212
121213131313
Non-Council Projects 14
Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands (Melbourne Water)Braeside Park Management Plan (Parks Victoria)Living Links (Port Phillip and Westernport CMA)Waterways Development
15151515
Current Council Programs and Actions 16
Corporate Environment ProgramFriends Groups and Community ActivitiesGrowing the Foreshore’s Future ProgramStormwater ProgramsParks and Reserves Revegetation ProgramsWeed and Pest Animal Management Programs
161616161717
1
Profile of Kingston’s Biodiversity 18
Pre European SettlementImportant Remaining RemnantsCurrent Situation
191921
Issues and Opportunities for Biodiversity Conservation
26
IssuesOpportunities
2727
Action Plan 28
Funding Options 32
Indicators and Targets 33
Monitoring, Reporting, Review and Evaluation 34
Environmental CriteriaSocial CriteriaEconomic Criteria
343434
Appendix 1. City of Kingston Reserves 35
Appendix 2. City of Kingston Reserves 36
Appendix 3. Flora of the City of Kingston 37
Appendix 4. National and State significant flora of the City of Kingston
49
Appendix 5. Fauna of the City of Kingston 50
Appendix 6. National and State significant fauna of the City of Kingston
58
References 60
List of Figures
Figure 1. Flora Conservation Status DefinitionsFigure 2. Fauna Conservation Status DefinitionsFigure 3. Flora of Kingston StatusFigure 4. Ecological Vegetation Classes of KingstonFigure 5. Fauna of Kingston StatusFigure 6. Resident Fauna of KingstonFigure 7. Transient Fauna of KingstonFigure 8. Action PlanFigure 9. Indicators and Targets
212223232425252933
List of Tables
Table 1. Flora of Kingston 23
Table 2. Ecological Vegetation Classes of Kingston 23
Table 3. Fauna of Kingston 24
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The development of this strategy has involved many people, some of whom who have kindly volunteered their time. The following people are gratefully acknowledged for their contribution:
Biodiversity Information NightRodney Van Der Ree Australian Research Council for
Urban Ecology Shane Scanlon Port Phillip and Westernport
Catchment Management Authority
Community Reference GroupShirley Diez Department of Sustainability and
EnvironmentDes Lucas Parks VictoriaWill Steele Melbourne WaterCaroline O’Donnell Kingston Foreshore Reference GroupGeoffrey Heard Kingston Conservation and
Environment CoalitionMary Rimington Mordialloc Beaumaris Conservation
LeagueTheresa Battaglia Friends of the GrangeJoyce Stewart Friends off Edithvale/Seaford WetlandsSally Baker Mentone/Parkdale Village CommitteeDavid Catchpool Clarinda/Oakleigh South Village
CommitteeBob Chappell Cheltenham Village CommitteeJudy Fields Mordialloc Village CommitteeMaria Reiter Chelsea/Chelsea Heights/Bonbeach Village CommitteeLes Williams Aspendale/Edithvale/Aspendale
Gardens Village CommitteePat King Patterson Lakes/Carrum Village
CommitteeDoug Reeve Clayton South Village CommitteePaul Baumgartner Dingley/Heatherton Village CommitteeClive Lynch Moorabbin/Highett Village Committee
Project Working GroupMark Juler City of Kingston Rebecca Cohen City of Kingston Tony Collins City of Kingston Belinda Ainley Ainley Projects Kate Lapthorne Ainley Projects Jeff Yugovic Biosis Research
Expert WorkshopJeff Yugovic Biosis Research Daniel Gilmore Biosis Research Tony Collins City of Kingston Damien Cook Australian Ecosystems David Bainbridge Practical Ecology Belinda Ainley Ainley Projects This Strategy was prepared for the Environment Department of City of Kingston with the assistance of:
Ainley ProjectsPO Box 499, Black Rock, Victoria 3193Telephone: (03) 9584 8178Fax: (03) 9584 0687Email: [email protected]
Biosis ResearchNatural & Cultural Heritage Consultants38 Bertie Street, PO Box 489, Port Melbourne Victoria 3207Telephone: (03) 9646 9499
About KingstonThe City of Kingston, located just 20 kilometres south of central Melbourne, is renowned for its magnificent foreshore, tranquil natural wetlands and remnant bushland. Kingston has a diverse population or around 139,000 people and includes the suburbs of Aspendale, Aspendale Gardens, Bonbeach, Braeside, Carrum, Chelsea, Chelsea Heights, Cheltenham, Clarinda, Clayton South, Dingley Village, Edithvale, Heatherton, Highett, Mentone, Moorabbin, Mordialloc, Oakleigh South, Parkdale, Patterson Lakes and Waterways.
Acknowledgements
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 3
The City of Kingston is pleased to present its Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012. This key document outlines how Council is going to protect the wonderful natural assets in our municipality, to ensure they are preserved for future generations to enjoy.
Kingston is fortunate to have a diverse range of biodiversity including a variety of wetlands, the Port Phillip Bay coastline and significant areas of open space.
As part of Council’s commitment to protecting and enhancing these assets, a Project Working Group and a Community Reference Panel were formed to develop this Biodiversity Strategy. Council thanks members of both of these groups for their tremendous input and contribution into this comprehensive document.
We also thank consultants, Ainley Projects and Biosis Research who worked with the Project Working Group and the Community Reference Panel to produce the strategy.
About the StrategyThe City of Kingston Biodiversity Strategy sets out goals and strategic objectives for protecting and preserving our biodiversity. It also takes the next step by incorporating an action plan to be implemented over time to ensure these goals and objectives are met.
Another significant aspect of the strategy is education. Through the strategy we aim to increase our residents’ awareness, appreciation and understanding of biodiversity, and encourage them to actively participate in managing biodiversity in their local community.
It is also important for people to realise that this strategy is not only about reducing the negative impact on biodiversity within Kingston, but also the negative impact that occurs beyond our municipality’s boundaries.
In recent years Council has been concerned that some of Kingston’s unique natural assets have been under constant pressure and some local indigenous flora, fauna and vegetation communities have already been lost.
However there are still many areas that are surviving and others that can be restored. This strategy provides the direction to help us to preserve these areas and introduce broader biodiversity initiatives across the Kingston municipality and beyond.
The City of Kingston commends this strategy to the community and reminds us all that everyone has a role to play when it comes to protecting our precious environment!
Message from the City of Kingston
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Introduction
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What is Biodiversity?The term biodiversity refers to the variety of life: different plants, animals and micro-organisms, the genes they contain, and the communities and ecosystems they form a part of (Victorian Government 1997).
Biodiversity is fundamental to ecological sustainability and provides ecosystems with resilience and adaptability. It is essential to our quality of life as it contributes to essential ecological processes that provide clean air, clean water and fertile soils. Open space, where most biodiversity can be found, is also important for the health benefits it provides, as well as its contribution to our quality of life.
Sometimes habitat diversity (the variety of places where organisms live) and genetic diversity (the variety of traits expressed within a species) are also considered types of biodiversity. The more diverse a habitat, the better chance it has of surviving a change or threat to it, because it is more likely to be able to make a balancing adjustment. Habitats with little biodiversity are therefore more vulnerable to change.
Why prepare a Biodiversity Strategy?The loss of native biodiversity was recognised in the first national State of the Environment Report in 1996 as Australia’s most important environmental problem.
There are a number of international conventions and agreements relating to the protection of biodiversity, as well as national and state legislation and strategies. Local Governments are also adopting strategic plans aimed at conserving their biodiversity. This Strategy includes:
Goals and strategic objectives for preserving Kingston’s •biodiversity;
A summary of International agreements, National and •Victorian legislation, policy and programs, Local Government responsibilities, and relevant policies and plans of the City of Kingston;
A profile of Kingston’s biodiversity; •
An outline of Kingston’s current programs and actions •to date;
Issues and opportunities available for the preservation •of Kingston’s biodiversity;
An Action Plan to be implemented over time; •
Funding options; •
A method of monitoring and reporting; and •
Evaluation of social, economic and environmental •outcomes of this Strategy.
Strategy Outcomes Identification, protection and management of remnant •indigenous vegetation, sites of significant habitat and other significant vegetation;
A reduction in the negative impact on biodiversity within •Kingston’s boundaries and the negative impact outside the municipality caused from activities occurring within Kingston;
Increased awareness, appreciation and understanding of •biodiversity and participation in biodiversity management within the local community; and
Partnerships with neighbouring municipalities and other •land managers and stakeholders to enhance and protect biodiversity.
Biodiversity is fundamental to ecological sustainability and provides ecosystems with resilience and adaptability.
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The City of Kingston is committed to maintaining, and where possible, improving biodiversity within the municipality. Kingston has a diverse range of natural assets including wetlands, Port Phillip Bay coastline and significant areas of open space.
This strategy focuses on Council’s actions to maintain and enhance biodiversity, while also recognising the role of residents, developers, public and private sector land managers and other agencies. It recognises that many issues associated with biodiversity extend beyond the boundary of the municipality, and therefore encourages co-operative partnerships with neighbouring municipalities and regional groups.
This strategy will be considered, along with other relevant strategies and documents, when Council makes decisions relating to biodiversity.
GoalThe overall goal of this strategy is to protect and enhance local biodiversity across the City of Kingston and to appropriately support all wider biodiversity initiatives.
Strategic Objectives Identify, protect and manage remnant indigenous 1. vegetation. Identify, protect and enhance sites of habitat significance 2. and other significant vegetation. Undertake and encourage re-vegetation using local 3. indigenous species. Reduce negative impacts on biodiversity within and 4. beyond Kingston’s boundaries that arise from activities within the municipality. Increase the local communities’ awareness, appreciation 5. and understanding of biodiversity, and create opportunities for participation in biodiversity management. Work in partnership with neighbouring municipalities and 6. other land managers and stakeholders to enhance and protect biodiversity.
This strategy focuses on terrestrial areas of the City of Kingston and terrestrial biodiversity. It is acknowledged that terrestrial biodiversity is connected to aquatic and marine biodiversity, however, these aspects are not addressed within this strategy.
Climate change and global warming is not specifically addressed in this strategy, however, it is recognised and acknowledged that climate change and global warming are issues affecting the global environment and biodiversity. Further information on global warming should be considered in conjunction with this strategy as the information becomes available.
Kingston’s Biodiversity Strategy
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There are a number of International, Commonwealth and State agreements, laws and strategies that affect the management of biodiversity in the City of Kingston. Management of biodiversity in Kingston should recognise, support and be consistent with these initiatives, and where applicable work within already established strategic frameworks. There are also several non-government biodiversity programs that should be recognised and considered in the management of biodiversity.
International agreementsAustralia is signatory to the International Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), which aims to halt the global loss of biodiversity and ensure the sustainable use of the environment.
The habitat of birds that migrate annually between Australia and both China and Japan are protected under the China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (1986) and the Japan- Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (1974) (CAMBA-JAMBA).
Wetlands of Port Phillip Bay, including the Edithvale and Seaford wetlands located in Kingston, are listed under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (1971).
National legislation, policies and programsThe Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999) established the process for listing and protecting threatened species. It requires the assessment and approval of any proposed action that is likely to have a significant impact on a matter of national environmental significance. These matters include nationally threatened species and communities, as well as migratory species and Ramsar wetlands.
Australia became a signatory to the Convention on Wetlands when it was signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971. Ramsar’s broad aims are to halt the worldwide loss of wetlands and to conserve, through wise use and management, those that remain. The Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands is a Ramsar site.
The National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia’s Biological Diversity (1996) provides a framework for Commonwealth and State Government biodiversity protection activities.
The National Biodiversity and Climate Change Action Plan 2004 – 2007 aims to:
Identify priority areas for research and monitoring and •improve understanding of potential climate change impacts and biodiversity to a point where specific strategies can be developed.
Policy Context
8
Use existing knowledge about the impacts of climate change •and draw from ecological principles to review and amend current biodiversity conservation policies and strategies.
Improve communication about the impacts of climate •change on biodiversity between researchers, resource managers and decision makers.
Raise community awareness of the potentially significant and •specific impacts of climate change on biodiversity.
In 1997, the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments committed to reversing the long-term decline in the quality and extent of Australia’s native vegetation through the Natural Heritage Trust. The National Framework for the Management and Monitoring of Australia’s Native Vegetation (1999) identifies a role for Local Government.
The Natural Heritage Trust is administered by the Commonwealth to fund works by communities, conservation groups and Local Government. Such works include, but are not limited to, the protection of remnant and threatened species, re-vegetation and the Waterwatch program.
The Australian State of the Environment Report (2006) reports that biodiversity continues to be in serious decline in many parts of Australia. It identifies the threats to biodiversity as being land clearing, changed fire regimes, grazing pressure, weeds and feral animals, and changes to the aquatic environment.
Victorian legislation, policies and programsThe Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988) sets out Action Statements for threatened flora and fauna and potentially threatening processes listed under the Act. It provides a legal framework for the protection of Victoria’s native plants and animals and ecological communities. The Act requires all public authorities to be administered so as to have regard to flora and fauna conservation objectives.
Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy (1997) represents a national benchmark for biodiversity conservation and management. It encourages Victorians to better understand and appreciate our rich and diverse flora and fauna and ecosystems, and to take an active part in their conservation and management for future generations. Individuals, community groups, industry, and government agencies all have a vital role to play. The strategy also forms a key step in the Flora and Fauna Guarantee
program. It shows how to achieve the Act's objectives of conserving native species, communities and gene pools, preventing threats and encouraging community involvement.
Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management – A Framework for Action (2002) establishes the strategic direction for the protection, enhancement and revegetation of native vegetation across the State. The framework includes a set of tools for estimating general vegetation and habitat quality, and a proposed accounting system to implement the concept of ’Net Gain’. Net Gain refers to a reversal, across the landscape, of the long-term decline in the extent and quality of native vegetation. Local Government is responsible for applying the concept of Net Gain when considering development applications that may involve native vegetation clearance.
The Victorian Weed Strategy (1999) provides information on the management of all types of weeds including declared and undeclared agricultural, environmental, terrestrial and aquatic weeds. One of the guiding principles of the weed strategy is based on weed management being essential in the protection of native vegetation.
In the Port Phillip region, ecological vegetation class (EVC) mapping and Sites of Biodiversity Significance (BioSites) mapping have been undertaken by the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE).
Biodiversity Action Planning has been undertaken by the DSE and identifies where the most significant biodiversity assets are within a bioregion. It aims to focus conservation actions on the maintenance and restoration of ecosystems at these sites. The City of Kingston is in the Gippsland Plains bioregion. The Biodiversity Action Plan for this region is available from DSE. The following priorities from this action plan are relevant to Kingston:
The protection of grasslands and grassy woodlands; •
The identification of sites of biological significance in •conjunction with Local Government and landholders, and use of this information in local planning schemes;
Focusing of management efforts on depleted ecological •vegetation classes with an emphasis on sites with the best possibilities of long-term viability and cost-effectiveness;
Support for the activities of Friends’ groups in urban areas to •actively manage sites on a priority basis, particularly along the coast; and
The minimisation of the impacts of pets on native fauna •by raising awareness and encouraging responsible pet management.
The Draft Victorian Coastal Strategy (2007) and the Coastal Management Act (1995) provide a shared vision to guide decision making on the coast. The strategy sets out four principles for coastal planning and management which all relate in some way to biodiversity on the coast.
Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy (1997) represents a national benchmark for biodiversity conservation and management.
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The principles outlined in The Draft Victorian Coastal Strategy (2007) include:
Protection of significant environmental and cultural features; •
Give clear direction for the future; •
Sustainable use of natural coastal resources; and •
Suitable development on the coast. •
Melbourne 2030 (2003) was established by the Victorian Government as a 30-year plan to manage growth and change across metropolitan Melbourne and the surrounding region. It articulates this through a set of principles and nine key directions. Melbourne 2030 provides a framework for governments at all levels to respond to the diverse needs of those who live and work in and near Melbourne, and those who visit. The main focus is to continue to protect the livability of the established areas and to increasingly concentrate major change in strategic redevelopment sites such as activity centres and underdeveloped land to prevent urban expansion into surrounding rural land. Economic, social and environmental matters are integral to Melbourne 2030 and it gives a high-level overview of the directions metropolitan Melbourne is expected to take.
Regional legislation, policies and programsA Regional Catchment Strategy (RCS) is required under the Catchment and Land Protection Act (1994). This requires the Port Phillip and Westernport Catchment Management Authority (CMA) to co-ordinate the preparation of a document addressing land, water and biodiversity issues. The first RCS was launched in 1999, and the 2004-2009 version is available from the CMA.
The Port Phillip and Westernport Catchment Management Authority (CMA) have also prepared a Native Vegetation Plan (2006). The plan assists in the implementation of Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy by aiming to achieve a net gain in the extent and quality of native vegetation in this region and across Victoria. It identifies four strategic directions:
Retain the quantity of native vegetation by minimising •clearing.
Protect native vegetation with reservation and •management agreements.
Maintain and improve the quality of native vegetation. •
Increase the quantity of native vegetation. •
Local strategies, polices and plansLocal Government has a number of core functions that have a direct impact on native vegetation and biodiversity, including land use planning, granting development approvals, managing land, and managing environmental risks. Local Government leads by its action, and is also able to facilitate community
involvement, establish local laws, operate grant and incentive programs, and provide support to encourage biodiversity conservation.
Under the Planning and Environment Act (1987), local governments have the responsibility for the control of land use and planning within their municipalities. The State Planning Policy Framework requires planning authorities to have regard to Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy and other instruments made under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988), as well as approved regional vegetation plans, when reviewing Municipal Strategic Statements and amending planning schemes. There are various tools under the planning scheme that can be used for further biodiversity conservation.
Under the Domestic (Feral and Nuisance) Animals Act & Regulations (1994), councils have powers to control dogs and cats. The purposes of the Act are to promote animal welfare, responsible ownership of dogs and cats, and protection of the environment.
In 1998, the National General Assembly of Local Government adopted the National Local Government Biodiversity Strategy. The strategy assists Local Government to be a key partner in biodiversity conservation and encourages commitment to, and the development of, biodiversity policies by councils. The strategy’s central aim is for biodiversity management to be a core function of local governments, subject to adequate funding and resources.
There is currently no requirement for state of the environment reporting in Victoria; however Kingston produced a State of the Environment Report in 1996.
Melbourne Water, a land manager within the City of Kingston, is in the process of developing a biodiversity strategy and has recently released a draft strategy.
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Biodiversity strategies of other councilsAs the importance of preserving biodiversity is realised, more local councils are producing biodiversity strategies. Councils of note in Victoria are:
City of Greater Geelong • (Biodiversity Management Strategy)
Latrobe City • (Environment Strategy: Planning for Latrobe City’s Biodiversity and Native Vegetation 2002)
City of Monash • (Monash Conservation and Environment Strategy 2002)
Surf Coast Shire • (Biodiversity Incentives Program 2000)
City of Boroondara • (Biodiversity Strategy 2003)
Non-government organisationsEnvirons Australia, a local government environment network, has been involved in a number of local government capacity-building projects for biodiversity conservation, including a Biodiversity Planning Guide for Local Government (2000), and currently an interactive web-based Local Government Biodiversity Toolbox (http://www.ea.gov.au/biodiversity/toolbox/index.html).Greening Australia works with individual landholders, community groups and governments to help protect biodiversity. Greening Australia (Victoria) coordinates the Environment Industry Training Program.
The Trust for Nature has covenanting and land purchase programs to protect conservation values on private land in Victoria.
The Threatened Species Network is a joint program of the World Wide Fund for Nature and the Natural Heritage Trust. The Threatened Species Network supports communities to undertake species conservation through developing communication between interest groups, initiating and facilitating on-ground conservation projects, providing education and resources, and supplying funding through community grants.
Birds Australia works to conserve native birds of Australia through the study and management of birds and their habitats, as well as education and involvement of the community. Birds Australia runs numerous programs such as the Atlas of Australian Birds, which collects and analyses data on the distribution and abundance of birds across the nation and the Threatened Bird Network, which encourages community participation in conservation tasks for threatened birds.
Local community groupsKingston is home to numerous community groups active in protecting the environment. These groups include:
Friends of Edithvale - Seaford Wetlands •
Friends of Mordialloc Creek •
Friends of The Grange •
Friends of Bradshaw Park •
Friends of Heatherton Park •
Friends of Rowan Woodland •
Friends of Braeside Park •
Friends of Karkarook Park •
Friends of Bonbeach Foreshore •
Friends of Edithvale Foreshore •
Friends of Carrum Foreshore •
Friends of Mentone Cliff Tops •
Friends of Kingston Heath •
Friends of Heights Park •
Friends of Epsom Grasslands •
Friends of Yammabook •
Kingston Foreshore Reference Group •
Carrum Residents Action Group and Indigenous Nursery •
Mordialloc Beaumaris Conservation League •
Kingston Conservation and Environment Coalition •
Mordialloc Lions Club •
Northcliffe Lodge Aged Care Facility • These groups work on a variety of activities and projects including:
Propagation of and revegetation with indigenous species; •
Seed collection and plant propagation; •
Weed control and removal; •
Erosion prevention and remediation; •
Clean ups; •
Community education; and •
Water quality monitoring. •
The City of Kingston is home to a broad range of community groups working actively to protect the environment.
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Council Plan 2007 - 2012The Council Plan 2007 - 2012 is Council’s primary strategic planning document. In the plan Outcome Two is identified as:
“ A sustainable environment that enhances the appeal and quality of life in Kingston”
Objectives under this goal include:2.1 Ensure land use planning strategies holistically address
environmental sustainability, population growth, neighborhood character and Melbourne 2030 key directions;
2.2 Seek to protect and maintain Kingston’s diverse environment, culture and heritage; and
2.3 Promote environmentally sustainable practices.
A key indicator is the status of existing biodiversity.
Other Council strategies and documents that play a role in the conservation of biodiversity are:
Municipal Strategic Statement •
Kingston Planning Scheme •
Open Space Policy and Plan •
Street Tree Management Plan •
Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions •
Sustainable Water Use Plan •
Stormwater Quality Management Plan •
Natural Resource Area Management Plans and related •documents
Kingston Foreshore Strategy •
Kingston Foreshore and Waterways Landscape Guidelines •
Non-council strategies and documents that play a role in biodiversity include:
Edithvale - Seaford Wetlands Management Plan •
Braeside Park Management Plan •
Dandenong Living Links Project •
City of Kingston Policies and Plans
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Municipal Strategic StatementThe Kingston Municipal Strategic Statement (MSS) embodies the objectives of Council and the community for the future strategic development of land use planning of the municipality. The MSS outlines key environmental, social and economic issues, and core objectives and key strategies relating to planning for, and use of resources. It gives guidance in relation to the strategic directions of Council. This is currently under review with a draft recently developed.
Kingston Planning SchemeKingston is required to follow State Policy Planning Framework when considering applications for a wide range of developments and other issues, both on private and public land. This requires Council to assist in:
‘the protection and conservation of biodiversity, including •native vegetation retention and provision of habitats for native plants and animals and control of pest plants and animals’;
‘creation of a diverse and integrated network of public open •space commensurate with the needs of urban communities’; and
‘the conservation of places that have natural, environmental, •aesthetic, historic, cultural, scientific or social significance or other special value for scientific and research purposes’.
Kingston is also required to have regard to all the relevant acts and strategies as listed in the Policy Context section of this strategy.
Open Space Policy and Plan (2000)The City of Kingston Open Space Strategy is a highly detailed study of the open spaces (including parks, sports grounds, reserves and special areas) that serve the residents of Kingston and its visitors. Generally the strategy shows that overall
Kingston has a good amount of open space. However, the strategy does identify that there are some local areas with special requirements and it also contains recommendations for the future development of opportunities relating to Open Space.
Street Tree Management PlanThe Street Tree Management Plan recommends species appropriate for planting within the streetscapes in Kingston. These species are both indigenous and introduced.
Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2006)Kingston achieved Milestone 4 of the Cities for Climate Protection Program in August 2006. This involved the development and adoption of a local greenhouse action plan to achieve set reduction goals. Council set a goal to reduce the year 2000 levels of greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by the year 2010 for Council’s own corporate emissions, and a goal to stabilise community emissions at the 1996 levels by the year 2010. Detailed actions have been developed to achieve these goals
Kingston Sustainable Water Use Plan (2006)Council adopted a Sustainable Water Use Plan in May 2006. Council’s aim is to reduce its water consumption, based on the year 2000 data, by 30% by 2010 and by a total of 40% by 2020. Council will work with South East Water to assist the Kingston community to reduce water consumption. Detailed actions have been developed to achieve these aims.
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Stormwater Quality Management Plan (2000)The overall goals of Kingston’s Stormwater Quality Management Plan are:
To maintain and improve the quality of Kingston’s receiving •waters by improving the quality of stormwater discharging into them.
To reduce the risks of damaging the environmental values •and beneficial uses of Kingston’s receiving waters.
These goals will be achieved by following three key directions:
To demonstrate leadership by initiating sustainable •improvements in stormwater practices associated with Council construction and service delivery activities.
To co-operate with other key agencies and stakeholders to •obtain their support for improvements in stormwater quality.
To improve Council understanding of stormwater quality •issues and to improve community awareness, understanding and support.
A three-year action plan detailing actions from 2000-2003 was developed.
Natural Resource Area Management PlansNatural resource areas (NRA), defined as areas that have remnant or significant indigenous vegetation, are managed and maintained by Council’s Natural Resource Area team.
Objectives for the management of NRAs in Kingston are to:
Protect and where possible restore biodiversity in NRAs. •
Promote and facilitate community support and involvement •in the management of NRAs.
Promote and facilitate community awareness and •understanding of biological diversity, ecological processes, and the values of NRAs.
Vegetation management targets and assessments have been developed and implemented for remnant and significant vegetation in the following parks and reserves:
Sir William Fry Reserve •
Epsom Wetlands •
Epsom Grasslands •
Aspendale to Carrum Foreshore Reserve •
Mordialloc to Mentone Foreshore Reserve •
Mordialloc Creek •
Bald Hill Park •
Bradshaw Park •
Powernet Easement Reserve •
Wells Road Reserve •
Racecourse Reserve •
Caruana Woodland •
The Grange Reserve •
Heights Park •
Kingston Heath Reserve •
Namitjira Park •
Kingston Foreshore Strategy (1999)The City of Kingston takes in 13 kilometres of Port Phillip Bay coastline. The foreshore is Crown land and is managed by Council on behalf of all Victorians as a long-term public asset for the benefit of the broader community without compromising the needs of future generations. The Kingston Foreshore Strategy is an integrated strategy aimed at providing the whole of Kingston’s coastal resources with a consistent and coordinated policy approach. The foreshore strategy sets out a number of short, medium and long-term actions.
Kingston Foreshore and Waterways Landscape Guidelines (2002)The Kingston Foreshore and Waterway Landscape Guidelines provide general guidance in relation to issues which impact on the ecology, use and appearance of the landscape of Kingston’s foreshore and waterways. They cover issues such as the protection and enhancement of vegetation, retention of the beach and dune system, access to the beach, and recreational use of the foreshore.
Figure 1. Friends Group Activity
The Kingston Foreshore Strategy is an integrated strategy aimed at providing the whole of Kingston’s coastal resources with a consistent and coordinated policy approach.
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Non-Council Projects
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There are several areas important to biodiversity in Kingston that are managed by other agencies, and as such, there are relevant documents that have been developed by these agencies.
Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands (Melbourne Water)The Edithvale -Seaford Wetlands have diverse habitats with both fresh and brackish elements. They are of significance as remnants of the former extensive Carrum Swamp, for the abundance of birds they support, particularly the migratory species, and as demonstration and research sites to show how disturbed systems can retain significance through careful management. The remnant wetland areas are the largest remaining natural wetlands of their type in the Port Phillip and Westernport basins. The Edithvale and Seaford Wetlands have been registered by the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international importance. A management plan has been prepared and priority actions are being implemented.
Braeside Park Management Plan (Parks Victoria)The Braeside Park Management Plan was developed as a long-term plan to guide the development and management of the park. This includes, but is not restricted to, the growing of trees, re-introduction of native fauna and fully established recreational and educational opportunities. This plan will be continually reviewed to ensure that it continues to fulfill community expectations.
The primary goal for development and management of Braeside Park is the provision of diverse recreational and educational experiences for the metropolitan community, which is compatible with protection and enhancement of the park’s ecological integrity and cultural resources. Parks Victoria is in the process of developing a masterplan for the park.
Living Links (Port Phillip and Westernport CMA)Living Links is a new project plan developed by the Port Phillip and Westernport Catchment Management Authority (PPWCMA) for the Dandenong Valley to protect water quality and enhance native flora and fauna in the Dandenong Creek catchment.
Living Links aims to coordinate current activities and attract new investment to establish green corridors linking existing open space, government agencies, community groups, the private sector, recreational facilities, commercial centres, the coast and the Mitcham - Frankston road corridor. It is a co-operative partnership between Local Government and PPWCMA.
Living Links seeks to:
Support Landcare and community activities in the •program area;
Influence planning by land management authorities in •the program area, incorporating catchment management and sustainability principles;
Develop new and enhance existing vegetation corridors •along roadsides, waterways, public open spaces and private land;
Protect and enhance habitat for native fauna and ensure •the retention of biodiversity in an otherwise fragmented and urbanised landscape;
Promote best practice in the management of stormwater •run-off from sealed surfaces (roads, urban developments);
Promote Water Sensitive Urban Design in existing urban •estates and infill development across the catchment;
Develop further pedestrian and cycle paths throughout •south-east Melbourne connecting major commercial and recreational centres;
Benefit Dandenong Valley residents through cleaner waterways, •more desirable and accessible recreation areas, improved opportunities for environmental education, and safer and more comprehensive pedestrian and cycling facilities.
This is of particular relevance to Kingston as it will link a number of open spaces including Edithvale Wetlands, Braeside Park, The Grange and Karkarook Park.
Waterways DevelopmentEstablished in 2000, the Waterways housing development at Mordialloc combines housing with more than 40 hectares of recreated wetland and terrestrial habitat. More than 1.4 million indigenous plants of 223 different species have been planted, creating five different indigenous vegetation communities. The aim of the project was to use constructed wetlands to reduce the pollutant loads to Mordialloc Creek and recreate habitat areas. The works were paid for by a private developer.
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Council has a number of existing programs, projects and actions that contribute to the achievement of biodiversity objectives.
Corporate Environment ProgramKingston’s Corporate Environment Program aims to make environmental management a core Council business activity. The program encourages and enables staff to identify and initiate improvements in their own work activities to improve environmental outcomes.
This program is based on widely accepted Environmental Management System principles. It embraces service planning, service delivery, purchasing and operations activities and is being progressively introduced to all areas of Council.
Friends Groups and Community ActivitiesLocal friends and community groups are actively involved in biodiversity conservation. Council is currently involved in projects with several community groups and local primary and secondary schools. Council staff liaise with groups to develop agreed support programs each year.
Some activities the groups are currently involved in include the restoration and protection of remnant indigenous vegetation,
propagation of indigenous species using seed and cutting material collected from the reserves, revegetation using indigenous species and weed management and removal.
Growing the Foreshore’s Future ProgramThis project involves individuals within the community, as well as groups such as aged care hostels, growing indigenous seedlings which are eventually planted in the foreshore dunes. Approximately 4,000 plants are produced each year under the program which has won several awards for community engagement and participation.
Stormwater ProgramsThere have been numerous ongoing Stormwater Programs run by Council covering all areas of the community. Local residents, business, builders, gardeners, landscapers and industry have been targeted in specific awareness, education and enforcement programs. Roads and drains have been retrofitted to incorporate best practice stormwater management.
Council has installed litter traps to remove litter pollution before it reaches Port Phillip Bay. Council has won several awards for these programs and is considered a Local Government leader in urban stormwater management.
Current Council Programs and Actions
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 17
Parks and Reserves Revegetation ProgramsKingston has more than 300 open space areas throughout the municipality, maintained by Council's Parks Department and contractors. The reserves range from large open spaces to small parks with recreational facilities. The main purpose of revegetation programs is to maintain and restore pre-European biological diversity through the protection, maintenance and restoration of ecological processes, indigenous flora and fauna communities, habitats and gene pools.
Approximately 20,000 indigenous plants are planted each year in Council’s Natural Resource Areas. Annual revegetation targets are set for these reserves. These targets identify the species and number of plants that should be planted and weed control measures that need to be undertaken in order to either maintain or increase vegetation quality and biodiversity.
Weed and Pest Animal Management ProgramsCouncil takes a site-based approach to weed and pest animal management.
Weed control is carried out in Natural Resource Areas on an ongoing basis. Targets for weed management are included in the vegetation management targets developed and implemented for areas of significant vegetation in parks and reserves managed by Council. Pest animal control is undertaken at specific sites as required. Pest animals regularly targeted include foxes, rabbits and introduced rats. Weeds and pest animals move easily across municipal and land management boundaries, which influences the effectiveness of control programs. In recognition of this Council participates with other land managers and neighbouring municipalities in a Sandbelt Pest Management Group to co-ordinate pest control approaches at a regional level.
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Profile of Kingston’s Biodiversity
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 19
Pre European Settlement Like all urban municipalities, Kingston’s land resources have undergone dramatic changes since European settlement.
Prior to European settlement, much of the southern area of Kingston formed an extensive wetland known as the Carrum-Carrum Swamp. The swamp has largely been drained and in places filled with soil from elsewhere, firstly for agriculture and later for urban development.
Urbanisation and intensive agriculture can degrade land through clearing, erosion, acidification, salinity and contamination. Such changes in land have consequent impacts, especially on waterways and ecosystems.
A major land feature in Kingston is its foreshore, which has been greatly modified. Much of the coastal vegetation has been cleared and the dune system has been destabilised by development and altered coastal processes.
Kingston once supported a diverse range of plant communities, and each plant community supported a range of species.
Twenty-three major ecological vegetation communities occurred prior to European settlement, but many of these have now been lost or greatly reduced in extent. However, important remnants of these vegetation communities remain, supporting a range of indigenous flora and fauna. Some important examples are:
Important Remaining RemnantsMordialloc Creek ReserveThe Mordialloc Creek Reserve is approximately four hectares in total area. The reserve slopes steeply from its northern boundary down to the water’s edge but has a more gradual gradient along the southern section to the creek edge.The main remnant vegetation communities are Plains Grassy Woodland dominated by Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) on fertile silty soils grading sharply into Tall Marsh dominated by Common Reed (Phragmites australis) in the shallow water alongside the banks. Dense stands of Swamp Scrub dominated by Swamp Paperbark (Melaleuca ericifolia) also occur on both sides of the creek banks.
The Mordialloc Creek Reserve contains some of the best remaining examples of these vegetation communities managed by the City of Kingston and Melbourne Water. The reserve also provides significant propagation material and is valuable as a natural recreation area and educational resource.
Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore ReserveThe Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve is a long narrow coastal strip that extends from Charman Road, Mentone to Mordialloc Creek, Mordialloc.
The Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve is approximately 12.8 hectares in total area spread out over a 4.5 kilometre length. The northern portion of the reserve drops steeply from the eastern boundary down to the edge of the beach along the western boundary. The southern portion of the reserve is lower and slopes more gently down to the beach. The larger areas of mown grass, and the concrete path and promenade are not included in the Natural Resource Area. The embankment in the northern portion of the reserve has been highly modified from a former sandstone cliff, and in many parts has had foreign soil and rock introduced.
Ecological vegetation classes on the Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve are Coastal Headland Scrub, Coastal Dune Scrub and Coastal Dune Grassland. Sand Heathland once occurred on the cliff top at the northern end as depicted in Tom Roberts 1887 painting Slumbering Sea, Mentone (Yugovic 2006). The introduced Marram Grass (Ammophila arenaria), originally used to stabilise dunes, is invasive and so abundant that its removal from the entire foreshore is now impracticable.The Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve, in conjunction with the Aspendale to Carrum Foreshore Reserve, is a major tourism and coastal recreational venue for Melbourne. The Mentone to Mordialloc Foreshore Reserve has high conservation values with the presence of locally and regionally significant flora species and it presents an opportunity to be established as a major habitat corridor. It also provides a significant propagation material resource and high value as an educational resource.
Aspendale to Carrum Foreshore ReserveThe Aspendale to Carrum Foreshore Reserve is a long narrow coastal strip that extends from Mordialloc Creek, Mordialloc to the municipality’s southern boundary at Carrum.
Ecological vegetation classes present are Coast Banksia Woodland, Coastal Dune Scrub and Coastal Dune Grassland. Coast Banksia Woodland is now very restricted, but was evidently extensive along this coast prior to clearing. A range of indigenous coastal plants occur on the foreshore (Yugovic 2006). The introduced Marram Grass (Ammophila arenaria), originally used to stabilise dunes, is invasive and so abundant that its removal from the entire foreshore is now impracticable.
The Grange HeathlandThe Grange Heathland Reserve is located off Osborne Avenue, Clayton South and is approximately seven hectares in area. It slopes from the western side down to the eastern side, which is seasonally inundated.
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The remnant vegetation at the Grange Heathland Reserve grades from Heathy Woodland dominated by Manna Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis ssp.pryoriana) on well-drained sandy loam soils in the west, through a Swampy Woodland dominated by Mealy Stringybark (Eucalyptus cephalocarpa) on poorly-drained sandy clay loam soils in the central part of the reserve, to Swamp Scrub dominated by Swamp Paperbark (Melaleuca ericifolia) on seasonally waterlogged sandy clay soils in the east.
The Grange Heathland Reserve is highly valued as a conservation area due to the high quality and diversity of its healthy vegetation. This includes many examples of rare species. It has dense vegetation that provides significant fauna refuge, and has relatively intact ecosystems. The reserve is also valuable as a passive, nature-based recreation venue and educational resource.
Braeside ParkFour major indigenous plant communities have been identified in the park. These are described as:
• Heathy Woodland: This community is the largest, most intact in the region. It has the greatest diversity of species of any community in the park and contains many species that are now rare in the metropolitan region.
Grassy Woodland: • This was formally dominated by kangaroo grass, but now it is mainly an introduced species. These remnants are considered to have significant conservation value with scattered patches of native orchids also present.
• Swamp Scrub: Only one small remnant remains but it is still considered to have some conservation value.
• Wetland Complex: Provides essential habitat for wetland dependent or related fauna.
These differing types of environments provide important habitat for regionally rare mammals, amphibians, reptiles and birds, and are considered areas of high conservation value.Braeside Park is principally recognised for its remnant Redgum Grassy Woodland and Heathy Woodland Communities within the Gippsland Plains Bioregion. In addition, the constructed
wetland supports a diversity of wetland dependent fauna, particularly birds. These habitats contain two species listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act and twelve species listed under the China-Australia and Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreements. The park forms the north western extremity of an open space and habitat corridor known as the South-Eastern Green Wedge, which is flanked by urban development in Melbourne’s south-east. The park covers a total area of 312 hectares.
Around 150 different bird species have been observed in the park, with only 12 of them being introduced species. Many native species also breed in the park, which is utilised by international migratory species such as Latham’s Snipe and Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. Possums are also very common.
The many dead trees scattered through Braeside Park provide important habitat for a range of native animals. Unfortunately rabbits and other introduced or domestic species such as cats, dogs and foxes are found in the park and cause considerable habitat damage and threaten the viability of native bird and mammal populations.
Rowan WoodlandRowan Woodland Reserve is located off Teralba Close behind the tennis, netball and baseball facilities on the Springvale and Westall Road Extension, Dingley (Melways 88 H6).
Rowan Woodland Reserve is approximately 3.9 hectares in total area. The reserve slopes from the southern end down to the northwestern corner, which is seasonally inundated, although some changes in the flooding regime have been made through the construction of a short drainage channel.
The main remnant vegetation community at Rowan Woodland Reserve is Plains Grassy Woodland, which includes the following dominant species:
Coast Manna Gum • (Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. pryoriana);
Narrow-leaf Peppermint ( • Eucalyptus radiata); and
Swamp Gum • (Eucalyptus ovata).
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 21
FloraX Presumed
ExtinctNot recorded during the past 50 years despite field searches specifically for the plant, or, alternatively, intensive field searches (since 1950) at all previously known sites have failed to record the plant.
E Endangered At risk of disappearing from the wild state if present land use and other causal factors continue to operate.
V Vulnerable Not presently endangered, but likely to become so soon due to continued depletion; occurring mainly on sites likely to experience changes in land-use which would threaten the survival of the plant in the wild; or, taxa whose total population is so small that the likelihood of recovery from disturbance, including localised natural events such as drought, fire or landslip, is doubtful.
R Rare Rare but not considered otherwise threatened - there are relatively few known populations or the taxon is restricted to a relatively small area.
K Poorly Known Poorly known and suspected, but not definitely known, to belong to one of the above categories (X, E, V or R). At present, accurate distribution information is inadequate.
S Secure None of the above categories
Figure 1. Flora Conservation Status Definitions
The understorey is dominated by Spear Grass (Austrostipa mollis), Grey Tussock-grass (Poa sieberiana), Weeping Grass (Microlaena stipoides), Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longiflolia) and Thatch Saw-sedge (Gahnia radula).
Epsom Grassland Conservation Reserve The Epsom Conservation Reserve is located off White Street, within the new Epsom Park Estate, at the former Epsom Racecourse, Mordialloc. This grassland is approximately four hectares and supports two threatened vegetation communities: Herb-rich Plains Grassy Wetland and Plains Grassland (South Gippsland).
The Epsom Conservation Reserve vegetation communities are both listed under the State Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. There are two species that occur in this reserve that are of State conservation significance: Pale Swamp Everlasting (Helichrysum aff. Rutidolepus) and Gilgi Blown-grass (Lachnagrostis punicea var. filifolia). This reserve provides significant propagation material and is of high value as a passive, nature-based recreation venue offering opportunities as an educational resource.
Current SituationThe City of Kingston occupies a significant portion of Melbourne’s ‘sandbelt’ which is on the western edge of the Gippsland Plain Bioregion. It includes a range of soil types, especially sandy soils, and habitats ranging from inland sand dunes, through creeks and wetlands, to coast bluffs and dunes. This variety of habitats supports a rich flora and fauna.
The flora of Kingston comprises approximately 430 species of ferns and flowering plants (‘higher plants’) while the fauna comprises approximately 250 species of vertebrates (‘higher animals’). An even larger number of species of smaller organisms exist but it is not feasible to catalogue these except
for a few groups. For example, information on the status of insects and fungi is generally inadequate in Victoria as well as the City of Kingston, thus limiting meaningful analysis.
Council undertook a Rakali (native Water Rat) survey in 2006 along the foreshore and Mordialloc Creek. While no animals were recorded in the survey, it is thought the species travel through and use resources in the area at times.
An overview analysis of the flora and fauna of Kingston and their conservation status was undertaken to provide a technical basis for this Biodiversity Strategy. The analysis was undertaken by a workshop conducted in July 2006. Participants were Jeff Yugovic (Biosis Research), Daniel Gilmore (Biosis Research), Tony Collins (Kingston City Council), Damien Cook (Australian Ecosystems), David Bainbridge (Practical Ecology) and Belinda Ainley (Ainley Projects).
The analysis is based on State Government databases (Flora Information System, Atlas of Victorian Wildlife) and the collective knowledge of the workshop members. Definitions of extinct, endangered, vulnerable and rare are as per the State Government definition, but applied to the Kingston context rather than Victoria as a whole. The number of extinctions may be underestimated as some species may have become extinct before recording, although several likely species now extinct are included in the analysis. The following table provides definitions of conservation status categories as defined by the Victorian Government.
Kingston is home to approximately 430 species of flora and 250 species of fauna.
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FaunaE Extinct A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is
presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.
RX Regionally Extinct
As for Extinct but within a defined region that does not encompass the entire geographic range of the taxon. A taxon is presumed Regionally Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout the region have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.
WX Extinct in the Wild
A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.
CR Critically Endangered
A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered (see Species Survival Commission 2001), and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered (see Species Survival Commission 2001), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable (see Species Survival Commission 2001), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near Threatened
A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future.
DD Data Deficient
A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate.
S Secure None of the above categories
Figure 2. Fauna Conservation Status Definitions
The conservation status analysis enables the setting of priorities for planning and management.
The major pressures on both habitat and species biodiversity in Kingston is from:(a) changes in land use associated with urban development and an increasing population; (b) pest plants and animals replacing or predating on indigenous species especially within the conservation
reserve system; and(c) chance local extinction due to small population size.
The City of Kingston is a middle-ring urban municipality with on-going new and infill residential and commercial development. Various land uses in Kingston have been categorised according to their inferred pressure on biodiversity. However, it is recommended that changes in patterns of land use be monitored over time to assess the actual pressure exerted.
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 23
FloraThe indigenous flora of the City of Kingston originally consisted of approximately 430 species, or more precisely, taxa (species, subspecies and varieties). Of these taxa, 10% are extinct, 72% are rare or threatened, and 18% are secure (Table 1, Figure 3). The flora is strongly concentrated in remnant native vegetation. However a considerable number of species occur in revegetation areas and a few species occupy disturbed habitats and are widespread in even urban areas.
Status Species
Extinct 43Endangered 189Vulnerable 47Rare 70Poorly Known 8Secure 78Total 435
Table 1. Flora of Kingston
Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVCs)A wide range of habitats or ecosystems, referred to as ‘ecological vegetation classes’ (EVCs) by the State Government, occur in the City of Kingston (Table 2, Figure 4). Of the 23 EVCs, 13% are extinct, 87% are rare or threatened, and 0% are secure.
EVC Status Example location
Brackish Aquatic Herbfield Vulnerable Edithvale WetlandBrackish Grassland Endangered Epsom Grassland ReserveBrackish Herbland Vulnerable Edithvale WetlandBrackish Sedgeland Vulnerable Edithvale WetlandCoast Banksia Woodland Endangered Foreshore Reserve (Bonbeach)Coastal Dune Grassland Endangered Foreshore Reserve (Parkdale to Bonbeach)Coastal Dune Scrub Vulnerable Foreshore Reserve (Parkdale to Bonbeach)Coastal Headland Scrub Vulnerable Foreshore Reserve (Mentone to Parkdale)Creekline Grassy Woodland Extinct Braeside ParkDamp Sands Herb-rich Woodland Endangered Woodlands Golf CourseEstuarine Reedbed Endangered Mordialloc Creek ReserveEstuarine Scrub Endangered Mordialloc Creek ReserveEstuarine Wetland Endangered Mordialloc Creek ReserveHeathy Woodland Vulnerable The Grange Heathland Reserve, Braeside ParkPlains Grassland Endangered Epsom Grassland ReservePlains Grassy Wetland Endangered Braeside ParkPlains Grassy Woodland Endangered Braeside ParkPlains Sedgy Wetland Vulnerable Edithvale WetlandSand Heathland ExtinctSedge Wetland ExtinctSwamp Scrub Endangered The Grange Heathland Reserve (Clayton South)
Swampy Woodland Endangered Dingley Road Reserve, The Grange ReserveTall Marsh Vulnerable Edithvale Wetland
Figure 3. Flora of Kingston Status
Presumed Extinct
Endangered
Vulnerable
Rare
Poorly Known
Secure
10%
43%
11%
16%
2%
18%
Extinct
Endangered
Vulnerable
52%
13%35%
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Data De�cient
Secure
12%
10%
9%
16%16%
7%
30%
Figure 4. Ecological Vegetation Classes of Kingston
Presumed Extinct
Endangered
Vulnerable
Rare
Poorly Known
Secure
10%
43%
11%
16%
2%
18%
Extinct
Endangered
Vulnerable
52%
13%35%
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Data De�cient
Secure
12%
10%
9%
16%16%
7%
30%
Table 2. Ecological Vegetation Classes of Kingston
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FaunaThe indigenous fauna of the City of Kingston consists of approximately 250 species (Table 3). Of these, 12% are extinct, 50% are rare or threatened, and 30% are secure (Figure 5). The fauna is concentrated in remnant native vegetation. However, a considerable number of species occur in parks and gardens within urban areas.
Resident Transient TOTAL
Extinct 24 6 30
Critically Endangered 22 2 24
Endangered 10 12 22
Vulnerable 22 19 41
Near Threatened 23 16 39
Data Deficient 13 4 17
Secure 71 5 76
Total 185 64 249
Table 3. Fauna of Kingston
Figure 5. Fauna of Kingston Status
Presumed Extinct
Endangered
Vulnerable
Rare
Poorly Known
Secure
10%
43%
11%
16%
2%
18%
Extinct
Endangered
Vulnerable
52%
13%35%
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Data De�cient
Secure
12%
10%
9%
16%16%
7%
30%
The fauna can be divided into species that can always be found in Kingston (resident fauna) and species that are not permanently present in Kingston (transient fauna). For the resident fauna, land use and management within Kingston are the major determinants of ongoing survival. For the transient fauna, land use and management outside Kingston are at least as important for survival, but these external factors are not readily addressed by this strategy. Habitat for transient fauna within Kingston can be maintained, but species may decline despite this for external reasons.
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 25
Resident faunaThe resident indigenous fauna of the City of Kingston consists of approximately 185 species (Figure 6). Of these, 13% are extinct, 41% are rare or threatened, and 38% are secure. The secure fauna are generally species found in parks and gardens.
Figure 6. Resident fauna of Kingston
Transient faunaThe indigenous fauna of the City of Kingston consists of approximately 64 species (Figure 7). Of these, 9% are extinct, 83% are rare or threatened, and 8% are secure. The transient fauna are generally more threatened than the resident fauna as they are less adapted to urban habitats and human disturbance.
Figure 7. Transient fauna of Kingston
A full list of all flora and fauna species found within the City of Kingston can be found in the appendices.
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Data De�cient
Secure
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Data De�cient
Secure
13%
12%
5%
12%
12%7%
39%
3%
19%
30%
25%
6%8% 9%
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Data De�cient
Secure
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Data De�cient
Secure
13%
12%
5%
12%
12%7%
39%
3%
19%
30%
25%
6%8% 9%
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Issues and Opportunities for Biodiversity Conservation
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 27
There are several issues affecting biodiversity within the municipality. There are also many opportunities to enhance biodiversity. The issues and opportunities are listed below.
Issues Environmental weeds (invasive introduced plants) compete •with and often out-compete indigenous plants. These environmental weeds are a result of previous land uses, garden escapes into natural areas and deliberate plantings.
Areas of remnant and other indigenous vegetation are at risk •of being gradually degraded and lost. This is occurring on both private and public land, from causes such as clearing for re-development, lack of regeneration to replace ageing plants, deliberate destruction and vandalism of vegetation. Remnant indigenous communities are irreplaceable and are an important source of local provenance stock for revegetation projects.
A number of indigenous species are locally vulnerable •or endangered and may become extinct if threatening processes continue.
A basic prioritised approach to native vegetation •management is the three ‘R’s (Yugovic 2000): Retention Restoration (or Rehabilitation) Revegetation
These are listed in order of increasing management input requirement and decreasing ecological value. Retention of intact vegetation has the lowest relative cost and highest ecological value (not including land acquisition). Revegetation has the highest relative cost and lowest ecological value. Revegetation is the partial or complete reconstruction of native vegetation where weeds were previously dominant. There are two types of revegetation: (1) stable revegetation is the typical landscaping situation where planted specimens are maintained by mulching and weed control and there is no recruitment of new plants, (2) dynamic revegetation is vegetation managed for recruitment of new plants; this is more technically demanding and is most appropriate in conservation reserves. Reference: Yugovic J 2000. Some concepts in revegetation. Indigenotes 13(2): 2.
Habitat for most indigenous fauna has been severely •depleted and is fragmented into mostly isolated patches.
Many introduced animals are predators of native fauna or •disturb indigenous vegetation. Foxes and uncontrolled domestic pets prey on native animals. Introduced birds and rabbits compete with native animals for resources. Rabbits feeding on new growth impact on natural regeneration.
Visitation and access to parks, reserves and other natural •resource areas can have a negative impact on biodiversity if not appropriately managed.
Fire is a very important management tool for regeneration •and weed control in some vegetation communities. Due to the dense urbanised nature of the municipality, ecological burning in reserves requires careful planning and management.
Pollutants in stormwater degrade aquatic habitats and •surrounding ecosystems including wetlands, creeks and Port Phillip Bay.
Some activities within the City of Kingston have impacts on •biodiversity that are wider reaching than the municipality. Such activities include the production of greenhouse gases from motor vehicle and energy use and stormwater pollution that ends up affecting the health of Port Phillip Bay.
Opportunities There are areas within Council reserves and other public land •where there is scope for natural regeneration, revegetation with indigenous species and site management to increase native flora and fauna habitat.
There are potential opportunities to plant indigenous •trees, shrubs and/or ground layer plants in streetscapes, carparks, school grounds, gardens of residential and commercial properties, Council properties and the foreshore as appropriate. Council undertakes many of these already through existing programs.
Existing reserves containing indigenous species have the •potential to be linked and extended as wildlife corridors. This will increase the size and connectivity of reserves which will increase opportunities for species retention, adaption and evolution.
Community groups and educational institutions with an •interest in environmental and biodiversity action have the opportunity to undertake relevant projects and where possible access grant funding.
Council has the opportunity to continue to engage and work •with community groups and educational institutions and to increase the level of involvement of such groups.
Council may continue to foster links and partnerships with •other municipal councils and government agencies such as Parks Victoria and Melbourne Water.
Council has the opportunity to increase awareness within the •local community about local indigenous plants and animals. This includes the ability of indigenous plants to reduce water consumption.
Approaches to NRA management can be continually •improved through scientific knowledge, technological advances, training opportunities and enhanced resource allocation.
Council will continue to engage and work with community groups and educational institutions to protect the environment.
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Action Plan
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 29
It is important to identify and document appropriate actions to meet the objectives of the strategy. These actions are identified in the table below. All actions have been assigned a priority from 1-3 meaning the following:
Anticipated timelines (all subject to resources and funding): 1 - Intended to commence within one year2 - Intended to commence within three years3 - Intended to commence within five years
Action Number
Action
Prio
rity
Responsibility (within Council)
Additional Resources Required (estimates based on 2006 figures)
Comments/Current Status
Objective 1: Identify, protect and manage remnant indigenous vegetation
1 Collect habitat hectare data on all Council owned land in Kingston to provide a baseline inventory for future monitoring. Council should also work with other land management agencies to encourage data collection and sharing on other land in Kingston.
1 Environment Department
$10-$15,000 Existing data collected at NRA sites, further work required to develop consistent sharing approach. Non-NRA sites still to be surveyed
2 Update and validate habitat hectare information in 2010, and establish a monitoring plan.
3 Environment Department
$10-$15,000 As above
3 Identify existing and potential wildlife corridors.
1 Environment Department
Dandenong Living Links
Existing projects – Mordialloc Creek, Epsom, Yammerbook, Foreshore Reserve
4 Develop the actions needed to protect and enhance the wildlife corridors, identified in Action 3.
3 Environment Department
Dandenong Living Links Partnership, Sustainability Accord, NRA crew, developing Coastal Management Plan, Vegetation Management Plans
Objective 2: Identify, protect and enhance sites of habitat significance and other significant vegetation
5 Investigate the status of species considered endangered in Kingston that are also listed as rare or threatened at the regional, state or national level, and take appropriate management actions. This may include activities like weeding, fencing, propagation and planting.
3 Environment Department
$15,000 Rakali Survey Species list provided in Biodiversity Strategy
6 Investigate the status of species considered endangered in Kingston that are not listed as rare or threatened at the state or national level, and take appropriate management actions.
2 Environment Department
$15,000 As above
7 Investigate the status of species considered vulnerable in Kingston, and take appropriate management actions.
3 Environment Department
As above
Figure 8. Action Plan
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Action Number
Action
Prio
rity
Responsibility (within Council)
Additional Resources Required (estimates based on 2006 figures)
Comments/Current Status
8 Investigate the status of EVCs considered endangered in Kingston, and take appropriate management actions.
1 Environment Department
$7,500 List provided for Biodiversity Strategy by Dr. Jeff Yugovic
9 Investigate the status of EVCs considered vulnerable in Kingston, and take appropriate management actions.
2 Environment Department
$7,500 As above
10 Prepare Vegetation Management Targets (VMT) focusing on remnant vegetation and re-vegetation at key sites. This should be reviewed every five years.
1 Environment Department
Current and ongoing within NRA managed sites
Objective 3: Undertake and encourage revegetation using indigenous species
11 Plant indigenous species in biodiversity corridors, recreational parks and reserves, streetscapes, car parks and Council premises. Continue to encourage schools, residential and commercial properties to plant indigenous plants where appropriate.
2 Environment Department
Ongoing
12 Identify opportunities to enhance or create habitat for indigenous fauna. Develop management prescriptions to maintain these areas, for example: ensure that off-lead dog exercise areas are not adjacent to designated habitat areas, and manage access within designated habitat areas.
3 Environment Department
Limited restrictions in place at a number of reserves. Feral proof fence installed at the Grange Reserve
Objective 4: Reduce negative impacts on biodiversity within and beyond Kingston’s boundaries that arise from activities within the municipality
13 Implement actions as outlined in other relevant Council Strategies and Plans such as:- Stormwater Quality Management Plan, Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sustainable Water Use Plan.
3 Environment Department
Current and ongoing
14 Introduce Environmental Significance or Vegetation Protection Overlay controls into the revised Planning Scheme where appropriate.
2 Strategic Planning
Native vegetation Framework
15 Investigate opportunities to introduce incentives and supporting mechanisms to encourage biodiversity conservation on private land.
3 Environment Department
Native Vegetation Framework.Indigenous plant giveaways
Objective 5: Increase awareness, appreciation and understanding of biodiversity in the local community and create opportunities for participation in biodiversity management
16 Identify opportunities and appropriate methods for interpretive information in Council parks and reserves and other suitable locations.
3 Environment Department
Brochures available at The Grange, Bradshaw Park, Epsom Grassland, and Information boards. NRA crew brochure available through Customer Service Centres. Weeds brochure
Figure 8. Action Plan continued
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 31
Action Number
Action
Prio
rity
Responsibility (within Council)
Additional Resources Required (estimates based on 2006 figures)
Comments/Current Status
17 Identify opportunities to expand the Growing the Foreshore’s Future Program to other areas of the municipality.
3 Environment Department
Program currently operating in foreshore areas
18 Ensure that information is available about the impacts of cats and dogs on native wildlife and ways to reduce these impacts
3 Environment Department
Information currently available from DSE
19 Support major environmental programs, as appropriate.
2 Environment Department
Forums, Friends Groups, Events (Clean Up Australia Day, National Tree Day)
20 Support community groups and school groups working on projects to maintain and enhance local biodiversity.
1 Environment Department
As above
21 Work with community groups and school groups to identify appropriate grant opportunities for biodiversity actions.
2 Environment Department
Ongoing with Friends Groups
22 Make biodiversity information more readily available through the Council website and other media avenues. Examples of information could include: a list of priority environmental weeds information on indigenous plants and areas where they are found.
2 Environment Department
Weeds Poster Species (list database for NRA sites)
Objective 6: Work in partnership with neighbouring municipalities and other land managers and stakeholders to enhance and protect biodiversity
23 Work collaboratively with adjoining Local and State Government authorities, to protect and enhance sites of biodiversity significance, and to undertake coordinated pest plant and animal control.
2 Environment Department Strategic Planning
Current and ongoing atMordialloc Creek
24 Pursue partnerships with local businesses and schools and other educational institutions for specific biodiversity projects.
2 Environment Department
Current and ongoing atMordialloc Creek
Figure 8. Action Plan continued
32
Funding Options
Implementation of the actions in this strategy will be staged over a number of years. An indication of the resources required for each action is provided in the preceding Action Plan.
Allocation of funds to many of the actions will occur progressively through Council’s normal budget processes.
However, there is potential to obtain funding for some projects from external sources including:
Grants Programs of the State and Commonwealth •Governments, such as the Natural Heritage Trust, Parks Victoria Agency Grants and labor market programs such as Work for the Dole;
Sponsorship from local businesses and industry; •
Philanthropic trusts with an interest in environmental •projects;
The Alternative Sentencing Fund, which transfers court •fines for pollution episodes to fund local environment projects; and
Fundraising by local schools for specific biodiversity projects •in which the students could be involved.
Resources could be pooled in partnership projects with State Government agencies, educational institutions, public land managers and non-government organisations.
The identification of strategically important actions in this document provides a justification and basis for preparing grant submissions and applications for other external funding, as well as proposals for sponsorship and partnerships.
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 33
Indicators and Targets
A number of proposed environmental performance indicators are listed below, with associated targets, in an effort to measure the success of actions taken.
Indicators Target for 2012
Number of indigenous flora species present To be determined after vegetation inventory. There should be no reduction in the number of indigenous flora species.
Remnant large trees Losses only due to old age, storms or danger to the public.
Area of remnant indigenous vegetation No reduction in the area of remnant indigenous vegetation.
Number of indigenous fauna species resident or regularly visiting
Increase or maintain at current levels.
Native vegetation/habitat quality Net gain since baseline survey.
Area of revegetation/regeneration established and maintained within important remnants
Increase since baseline study
Number of recorded environmental weed species No increase over baseline figure.
Community involvement Maintain at current levels or increase.
Figure 9. Indicators and Targets
34
Monitoring, Reporting, Review and Evaluation
Progress on the implementation of this strategy will be reported on at the end of each financial year as part of Council’s Annual Report process.
A monitoring program will provide baseline and trend information about local flora, fauna and ecosystems to inform management and policy decisions.
The Action Plan will be reviewed annually with budget allocations made, as part of Council’s corporate planning and budgetary processes.
This Biodiversity Strategy will be subject to a comprehensive review, with community consultation, in five years time (2012).
EvaluationEnvironmental CriteriaThis Biodiversity Strategy plays an important role in the protection and enhancement of important and threatened biodiversity assets including all indigenous flora and fauna. Any actions to conserve these assets will assist in improving other environmental factors such as air and water quality.
This strategy supports the strategic directions and priorities for biodiversity conservation, which have been outlined in national, state and regional strategies and applies these principles at a local level.
This strategy will further Council’s commitment to environmental sustainability.
Social CriteriaThis strategy will benefit the community now and into the future by providing:
More opportunities to become involved with environmental •community projects;
Greater awareness and appreciation of the role of indigenous •flora and fauna; and
Increased opportunity to see and learn more about native •flora and fauna.
Economic CriteriaIt is difficult to attribute a monetary value on biodiversity assets and all the life they support, but these assets are of significant value to the municipality and are worthy of investment and enhancement.
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 35
Appendix 1. City of Kingston Reserves
36
Appendix 2. City of Kingston Reserves
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 37
Scientific name Common name Status
Acacia brownii Heath Wattle Endangered
Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Endangered
Acacia implexa Lightwood Endangered
Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae Coast Wattle Secure
Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle Secure
Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Secure
Acacia oxycedrus Spike Wattle Secure
Acacia paradoxa Hedge Wattle Rare
Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Vulnerable
Acacia stricta Hop Wattle Endangered
Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle Endangered
Acacia ulicifolia Juniper Wattle Extinct
Acacia verticillata Prickly Moses Endangered
Acaena agnipila Hairy Sheep's Burr Secure
Acaena echinata Sheep's Burr Endangered
Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgee Vulnerable
Acaena ovina Australian Sheep's Burr Endangered
Acianthus caudatus Mayfly Orchid Extinct
Acianthus exsertus s.l. Gnat Orchid Endangered
Acrotriche serrulata Honey-pots Endangered
Actites megalocarpa Dune Thistle Vulnerable
Alisma plantago-aquatica Water Plantain Rare
Allocasuarina littoralis Black Sheoak Vulnerable
Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub Sheoak Endangered
Allocasuarina paradoxa Green Sheoak Endangered
Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak Endangered
Alternanthera denticulata s.s. Lesser Joyweed Rare
Alyxia buxifolia Sea Box Endangered
Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom Spurge Secure
Amphibromus archeri Pointed Swamp Wallaby-grass Vulnerable
Amphibromus fluitans River Swamp Wallaby-grass Endangered
Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grass Rare
Amyema pendula Drooping Mistletoe Endangered
Appendix 3. Flora of the City of Kingston
38
Scientific name Common name Status
Aotus ericoides Common Aotus Vulnerable
Apium prostratum Sea Celery Endangered
Apodasmia brownii Coarse Twine-rush Endangered
Argentipallium obtusifolium Blunt Everlasting Poorly Known
Arthropodium milleflorum Vanilla Lily Endangered
Arthropodium sp. 3 (aff. strictum) Small Chocolate-lily Endangered
Arthropodium strictum s.l. Chocolate Lily Secure
Asperula euryphylla Broad-leaf Woodruff Poorly Known
Asperula scoparia Prickly Woodruff Endangered
Asperula subsimplex Water Woodruff Endangered
Astroloma humifusum Cranberry Heath Vulnerable
Atriplex cinerea Coast Saltbush Secure
Atriplex semibaccata Berry Saltbush Endangered
Austrodanthonia bipartita s.l. Leafy Wallaby-grass Vulnerable
Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grass Vulnerable
Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grass Rare
Austrodanthonia eriantha Hill Wallaby-grass Poorly Known
Austrodanthonia fulva Copper-awned Wallaby-grass Endangered
Austrodanthonia geniculata Kneed Wallaby-grass Secure
Austrodanthonia laevis Smooth Wallaby-grass Rare
Austrodanthonia racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grass Secure
Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grass Secure
Austrodanthonia tenuior Purplish Wallaby-grass Extinct
Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grass Rare
Austrostipa pubinodis Tall Spear-grass Endangered
Austrostipa rudis Veined Spear-grass Vulnerable
Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grass Endangered
Austrostipa semibarbata Fibrous Spear-grass Vulnerable
Austrostipa stipoides Prickly Spear-grass Rare
Azolla filiculoides Pacific Azolla Secure
Banksia integrifolia Coast Banksia Endangered
Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Secure
Baumea acuta Pale Twig-sedge Endangered
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 39
Scientific name Common name Status
Baumea arthrophylla Fine Twig-sedge Rare
Baumea juncea Bare Twig-sedge Vulnerable
Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry Secure
Blechnum minus Soft Water-fern Endangered
Bolboschoenus caldwellii Salt Club-sedge Secure
Bolboschoenus medianus Marsh Club-sedge Vulnerable
Bossiaea cinerea Showy Bossiaea Secure
Bossiaea prostrata Creeping Bossiaea Secure
Brachyscome cardiocarpa Swamp Daisy Endangered
Brachyscome graminea Grass Daisy Extinct
Brachyscome parvula Coast Daisy Endangered
Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine Lily Endangered
Burchardia umbellata Milkmaids Secure
Bursaria spinosa Sweet Bursaria Vulnerable
Caesia calliantha Blue Grass-lily Vulnerable
Caesia parviflora Pale Grass-lily Vulnerable
Caladenia australis Southern Spider-orchid Extinct
Caladenia carnea Pink Fingers Endangered
Caladenia catenata White Fingers Endangered
Caladenia latifolia Pink Fairies Extinct
Caladenia venusta Large White Spider-orchid Extinct
Calystegia sepium subsp. roseata Large Bindweed Extinct
Carex appressa Tall Sedge Rare
Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedge Secure
Carex inversa Knob Sedge Secure
Carex tereticaulis Poong'ort Endangered
Carpobrotus rossii Karkalla Vulnerable
Cassinia aculeata Common Cassinia Endangered
Cassinia arcuata Drooping Cassinia Rare
Cassinia longifolia Shiny Cassinia Endangered
Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel Endangered
Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurel Endangered
Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurel Rare
Centella cordifolia Centella Rare
Centrolepis aristata Pointed Centrolepis Endangered
Centrolepis fascicularis Tufted Centrolepis Endangered
Centrolepis strigosa subsp. strigosa Hairy Centrolepis Vulnerable
Chamaescilla corymbosa Blue Stars Endangered
Chenopodium glaucum Glaucous Goosefoot Vulnerable
Chorizandra cymbaria s.l. Heron Bristle-sedge Extinct
Chrysocephalum apiculatum s.l. Common Everlasting Endangered
Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered Everlasting Extinct
Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis Poorly Known
Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis Endangered
Comesperma calymega Blue-spike Milkwort Endangered
Comesperma defoliatum Leafless Milkwort Extinct
40
Scientific name Common name Status
Comesperma ericinum Heath Milkwort Extinct
Comesperma volubile Love Creeper Endangered
Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed Endangered
Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bush Extinct
Correa alba var. alba White Correa Rare
Correa reflexa Common Correa Vulnerable
Corunastylis despectans Sharp Midge-orchid Endangered
Corybas diemenicus Veined Helmet-orchid Endangered
Corybas fimbriatus Fringed Helmet-orchid Extinct
Cotula australis Common Cotula Secure
Craspedia canens Grey Billy-buttons Endangered
Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-buttons Endangered
Craspedia paludicola Swamp Billy-buttons Endangered
Crassula decumbens var. decumbens Spreading Crassula Secure
Crassula helmsii Swamp Crassula Rare
Crassula peduncularis Purple Crassula Endangered
Crassula sieberiana s.l. Sieber Crassula Rare
Cryptostylis subulata Large Tongue-orchid Poorly Known
Cyrtostylis reniformis Small Gnat-orchid Endangered
Cyrtostylis robusta Large Gnat-orchid Endangered
Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-pea Endangered
Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grass Vulnerable
Dianella longifolia s.l. Pale Flax-lily Endangered
Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily Rare
Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grass Rare
Dichondra repens Kidney-weed Secure
Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-pea Endangered
Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-pea Rare
Dillwynia sericea Showy Parrot-pea Endangered
Dipodium punctatum s.l. Hyacinth Orchid Endangered
Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flower Rare
Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grass Vulnerable
Diuris orientis Wallflower Orchid Endangered
Diuris pardina Leopard Orchid Endangered
Diuris punctata var. punctata Purple Diuris Endangered
Diuris sulphurea Tiger Orchid Endangered
Drosera macrantha Climbing Sundew Endangered
Drosera peltata subsp. auriculata Tall Sundew Rare
Drosera peltata subsp. peltata Pale Sundew Vulnerable
Drosera pygmaea Tiny Sundew Endangered
Drosera whittakeri subsp. aberrans Scented Sundew Endangered
Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Nodding Saltbush Rare
Einadia trigonos subsp. trigonos Lax Goosefoot Endangered
Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge Secure
Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedge Vulnerable
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 41
Scientific name Common name Status
Eleocharis sphacelata Tall Spike-sedge Rare
Elymus scaber Common Wheat-grass Secure
Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rush Endangered
Epacris impressa Common Heath Rare
Epacris obtusifolia Blunt-leaf Heath Endangered
Epilobium billardierianum subsp. billardierianum Smooth Willow-herb Rare
Epilobium billardierianum subsp. cinereum Grey Willow-herb Rare
Epilobium hirtigerum Hairy Willow-herb Secure
Eragrostis brownii Common Love-grass Rare
Eriochilus cucullatus Parson's Bands Endangered
Erodium crinitum Blue Heron's-bill Endangered
Eryngium vesiculosum Prickfoot Vulnerable
Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum Secure
Eucalyptus cephalocarpa s.s. Mealy Stringybark Endangered
Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box Endangered
Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum Secure
Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum Endangered
Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf Peppermint Endangered
Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum Secure
Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping Cudweed Rare
Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry Ballart Secure
Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge Rare
Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedge Secure
Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge Endangered
Geranium retrorsum Grassland Cranesbill Endangered
Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral Cranesbill Rare
42
Scientific name Common name Status
Glossodia major Wax-lip Orchid Endangered
Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grass Vulnerable
Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine Endangered
Glycine tabacina s.l. Variable Glycine Extinct
Gompholobium huegelii Common Wedge-pea Endangered
Gonocarpus humilis Shade Raspwort Endangered
Gonocarpus micranthus Creeping Raspwort Endangered
Gonocarpus tetragynus Common Raspwort Secure
Goodenia elongata Lanky Goodenia Endangered
Goodenia geniculata Bent Goodenia Endangered
Goodenia humilis Swamp Goodenia Endangered
Goodenia ovata Hop Goodenia Rare
Goodia lotifolia Golden Tip Endangered
Gratiola peruviana Austral Brooklime Endangered
Hakea nodosa Yellow Hakea Endangered
Hakea ulicina Furze Hakea Endangered
Haloragis heterophylla Varied Raspwort Endangered
Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea Extinct
Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps) Pale Swamp Everlasting Endangered
Helichrysum scorpioides Button Everlasting Endangered
Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat Grass Secure
Hibbertia acicularis Prickly Guinea-flower Endangered
Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Bundled Guinea-flower Rare
Hibbertia procumbens Spreading Guinea-flower Endangered
Hibbertia sericea s.l. Silky Guinea-flower Rare
Hibbertia stricta s.l. Upright Guinea-flower Endangered
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 43
Scientific name Common name Status
Hovea heterophylla Common Hovea Endangered
Hydrocotyle foveolata Yellow Pennywort Endangered
Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy Pennywort Endangered
Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking Pennywort Endangered
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining Pennywort Endangered
Hypericum gramineum Small St John's Wort Rare
Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's Wort Endangered
Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rush Vulnerable
Hypoxis glabella s.l. Yellow star Extinct
Hypoxis hygrometrica Golden Weather-glass Endangered
Hypoxis vaginata Yellow Star Endangered
Isoetes drummondii Plain Quillwort Extinct
Isolepis cernua var. cernua Nodding Club-sedge Endangered
Isolepis cernua var. platycarpa Broad-fruit Club-sedge Vulnerable
Isolepis fluitans Floating Club-sedge Endangered
Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedge Rare
Isolepis marginata Little Club-sedge Secure
Isolepis stellata Star Club-sedge Endangered
Juncus amabilis Hollow Rush Secure
Juncus bufonius Toad Rush Secure
Juncus flavidus Gold Rush Vulnerable
Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf Rush Rare
Juncus kraussii Sea Rush Vulnerable
Juncus pallidus Pale Rush Secure
Juncus pauciflorus Loose-flower Rush Endangered
Juncus planifolius Broad-leaf Rush Secure
Juncus radula Hoary Rush Endangered
Juncus sarophorus Broom Rush Rare
Juncus subsecundus Finger Rush Rare
Kennedia prostrata Running Postman Endangered
Kunzea ericoides spp. agg. Burgan Endangered
Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Leafy Blown-grass Endangered
Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l. Coast Blown-grass Vulnerable
Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grass Secure
Lachnagrostis punicea subsp. filifolia Purple Blown-grass Endangered
Lagenophora gracilis Slender Bottle-daisy Endangered
Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisy Rare
Laxmannia orientalis Dwarf Wire-lily Endangered
Lemna disperma Common Duckweed Secure
Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedge Secure
Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedge Endangered
Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedge Secure
Lepidosperma semiteres Wire Rapier-sedge Endangered
Lepilaena bilocularis Small-fruit Water-mat Endangered
Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly Buttons Endangered
44
Scientific name Common name Status
Leptorhynchos tenuifolius Wiry Buttons Endangered
Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-tree Secure
Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-tree Secure
Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree Endangered
Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-tree Secure
Lepyrodia muelleri Common Scale-rush Endangered
Leucophyta brownii Cushion Bush Secure
Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heath Endangered
Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heath Rare
Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian Lilaeopsis Rare
Limosella australis Austral Mudwort Rare
Lindsaea linearis Screw Fern Endangered
Lobelia anceps Angled Lobelia Vulnerable
Lobelia irrigua Salt Pratia Vulnerable
Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted Pratia Endangered
Lobelia pratioides Poison Lobelia Endangered
Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush Secure
Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush Secure
Lomandra multiflora Many-flowered Mat-rush Endangered
Lomandra nana Dwarf Mat-rush Endangered
Luzula meridionalis Common Woodrush Endangered
Lycopodiella lateralis Slender Clubmoss Extinct
Lythrum hyssopifolia Small Loosestrife Secure
Malva australiana Australian Hollyhock Extinct
Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp Paperbark Secure
Melaleuca squarrose Scented Paperbark Vulnerable
Microlaena stipoides Weeping Grass Secure
Microseris lanceolata Yam Daisy Extinct
Microtis parviflora Slender Onion-orchid Secure
Microtis rara Sweet Onion-orchid Extinct
Microtis unifolia Common Onion-orchid Rare
Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flower Rare
Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heath Endangered
Muehlenbeckia adpressa Climbing Lignum Vulnerable
Muellerina eucalyptoides Creeping Mistletoe Rare
Myoporum insulare Common Boobialla Secure
Myriophyllum crispatum Upright Water-milfoil Vulnerable
Myriophyllum salsugineum Lake Water-milfoil Rare
Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoil Endangered
Myriophyllum verrucosum Red Water-milfoil Vulnerable
Neopaxia australasica White Purslane Endangered
Notodanthonia semiannularis Wetland Wallaby-grass Secure
Olearia glandulosa Swamp Daisy-bush Extinct
Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daisy-bush Rare
Opercularia ovata Broad-leaf Stinkweed Endangered
Opercularia varia Variable Stinkweed Secure
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 45
Scientific name Common name Status
Orthoceras strictum Horned Orchid Extinct
Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrel Endangered
Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrel Rare
Oxalis radicosa Stout-rooted Wood-sorrel Extinct
Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree Everlasting Secure
Ozothamnus turbinatus Coast Everlasting Vulnerable
Patersonia occidentalis Long Purple-flag Rare
Pelargonium australe Austral Stork's-bill Endangered
Pentapogon quadrifidus Five-awned Spear-grass Vulnerable
Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed Secure
Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper Rare
Persicaria lapathifolia Pale Knotweed Rare
Persoonia juniperina Prickly Geebung Endangered
Philydrum lanuginosum Woolly Waterlily Endangered
Phragmites australis Common Reed Secure
Picris angustifolia Native Picris Extinct
Pimelea curviflora s.l. Curved Rice-flower Endangered
Pimelea glauca Smooth Rice-flower Endangered
Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flower Secure
Pimelea octophylla Woolly Rice-flower Extinct
Pimelea phylicoides Heath Rice-flower Extinct
Plantago gaudichaudii Narrow Plantain Endangered
Plantago varia Variable Plantain Endangered
Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-pea Vulnerable
Platysace heterophylla var. heterophylla Slender Platysace Rare
Poa clelandii Noah's Ark Endangered
4646
Scientific name Common name Status
Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass Secure
Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grass Secure
Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grass Vulnerable
Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass Secure
Poa sieberiana var. hirtella Grey Tussock-grass Poorly Known
Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass Vulnerable
Poranthera microphylla Small Poranthera Rare
Portulaca oleracea Common Purslane Secure
Potamogeton crispus Curly Pondweed Rare
Potamogeton ochreatus Blunt Pondweed Rare
Potamogeton pectinatus Fennel Pondweed Rare
Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating Pondweed Endangered
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Jersey Cudweed Secure
Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken Secure
Pteris tremula Tender Brake Extinct
Pterostylis concinna Trim Greenhood Endangered
Pterostylis curta Blunt Greenhood Endangered
Pterostylis nutans Nodding Greenhood Vulnerable
Pterostylis parviflora s.l. Tiny Greenhood Extinct
Pterostylis pedoglossa Prawn Greenhood Endangered
Pterostylis pedunculata Maroonhood Endangered
Pterostylis X toveyana Mentone Greenhood Extinct
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 47
Scientific name Common name Status
Pultenaea dentata Clustered Bush-pea Endangered
Pultenaea scabra Rough Bush-pea Endangered
Pultenaea tenuifolia Slender Bush-pea Extinct
Pyrorchis nigricans Red-beaks Endangered
Ranunculus amphitrichus Small River Buttercup Endangered
Ranunculus glabrifolius Shining Buttercup Endangered
Ranunculus inundatus River Buttercup Endangered
Ranunculus lappaceus Australian Buttercup Endangered
Ranunculus papulentus Large River Buttercup Endangered
Rhagodia candolleana subsp. candolleana Seaberry Saltbush Rare
Ricinocarpos pinifolius Wedding Bush Secure
Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf Bramble Endangered
Rumex bidens Mud Dock Endangered
Rumex brownii Slender Dock Vulnerable
Ruppia polycarpa Many-fruit Tassel Rare
Samolus repens Creeping Brookweed Endangered
Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded Glasswort Rare
Schizaea bifida s.s. Forked Comb-fern Extinct
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedge Secure
Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge Secure
Schoenus brevifolius Zig-zag Bog-sedge Endangered
Schoenus latelaminatus Medusa Bog-sedge Endangered
Schoenus lepidosperma Slender Bog-sedge Endangered
Schoenus maschalinus Leafy Bog-sedge Endangered
Schoenus nitens Shiny Bog-sedge Endangered
Schoenus tesquorum Soft Bog-sedge Endangered
Selaginella uliginosa Swamp Selaginella Endangered
Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-mat Rare
Senecio biserratus Jagged Fireweed Endangered
Senecio glomeratus Annual Fireweed Secure
Senecio hispidulus s.l. Rough Fireweed Secure
Senecio minimus Shrubby Fireweed Rare
Senecio quadridentatus Cotton Fireweed Rare
Senecio tenuiflorus s.l. Slender Fireweed Endangered
Solanum laciniatum Large Kangaroo Apple Secure
Solenogyne dominii Smooth Solenogyne Rare
Spergularia media s.l. Coast Sand-spurrey Poorly Known
Sphaerolobium vimineum s.l. Leafless Globe-pea Endangered
Spinifex sericeus Hairy Spinifex Rare
Stackhousia monogyna Creamy Stackhousia Endangered
Stackhousia viminea Slender Stackhousia Endangered
Stellaria pungens Prickly Starwort Endangered
Stylidium despectum Small Triggerplant Extinct
Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Triggerplant Endangered
Stylidium inundatum Hundreds and Thousands Endangered
Suaeda australis Austral Seablite Rare
48
Scientific name Common name Status
Tetragonia implexicoma Bower Spinach Secure
Thelionema caespitosum Tufted Lily Endangered
Thelymitra antennifera Rabbit Ears Extinct
Thelymitra carnea Pink Sun-orchid Extinct
Thelymitra flexuosa Twisted Sun-orchid Extinct
Thelymitra holmesii Blue-star Sun-orchid Endangered
Thelymitra ixioides s.l. Spotted Sun-orchid Endangered
Thelymitra pauciflora s.l. Slender Sun-orchid Rare
Thelymitra rubra Salmon Sun-orchid Extinct
Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass Secure
Thesium australe Austral Toad-flax Extinct
Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily Endangered
Thysanotus tuberosus Common Fringe-lily Endangered
Trachymene composita var. composita Parsnip Trachymene Secure
Tricoryne elatior Yellow Rush-lily Secure
Triglochin alcockiae Southern Water-ribbons Endangered
Triglochin procera s.l. Water Ribbons Rare
Triglochin striata Streaked Arrowgrass Secure
Typha domingensis Narrow-leaf Cumbungi Secure
Typha orientalis Broad-leaf Cumbungi Secure
Veronica calycina Hairy Speedwell Endangered
Veronica gracilis Slender Speedwell Rare
Veronica plebeia Trailing Speedwell Endangered
Villarsia exaltata Erect Marsh-flower Extinct
Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flower Vulnerable
Viminaria juncea Golden Spray Vulnerable
Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf Violet Vulnerable
Viola sieberiana spp. agg. Tiny Violet Endangered
Wahlenbergia gracilenta s.l. Annual Bluebell Endangered
Wahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling Bluebell Endangered
Wahlenbergia multicaulis Branching Bluebell Endangered
Wilsonia rotundifolia Round-leaf Wilsonia Endangered
Wolffia australiana Tiny Duckweed Rare
Wurmbea dioica Common Early Nancy Endangered
Xanthorrhoea minor subsp. lutea Small Grass-tree Rare
Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf Xanthosia Endangered
Xyris gracilis Slender Yellow-eye Extinct
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 49
Appendix 4. National and State significant flora of the City of Kingston
LegendV = Venerable E = Endangered R = Rare L = Listed EPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999)VROTS Victorian, Rare or Threatened Species FFG Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988)
Scientific name Common name EPBC VROTS FFG Status
Amphibromus fluitans River Swamp Wallaby-grass V Endangered
Craspedia canens Grey Billy-buttons E Endangered
Craspedia paludicola Swamp Billy-buttons V Endangered
Diuris punctata Purple Diuris V L Endangered
Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps)
Pale Swamp Everlasting V Endangered
Philydrum lanuginosum Woolly Waterlily V Endangered
Pterostylis pedoglossa Prawn Greenhood V Endangered
Lachnagrostis punicea subsp. filifolia
Purple Blown-grass R L Endangered
Thesium australe Austral Toad-flax V V L Extinct
Pterostylis X toveyana Mentone Greenhood V Extinct
Caladenia venusta Large White Spider-orchid R Extinct
Corybas fimbriatus Fringed Helmet-orchid R Extinct
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Appendix 5. Fauna of the City of Kingston
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 51
Common name Residential status Kingston status
Mammals
Black Wallaby Resident Extinct
Chocolate Wattled Bat Resident Data Deficient
Common Brushtail Possum Resident Secure
Common Ringtail Possum Resident Secure
Dingo Resident Extinct
Eastern Broad-nosed Bat Resident Data Deficient
Eastern Grey Kangaroo Resident Vulnerable
Eastern Quoll Resident Extinct
Gould's Wattled Bat Resident Data Deficient
Grey-headed Flying-Fox Transient Vulnerable
Large Forest Bat Resident Data Deficient
Lesser Long-eared Bat Resident Data Deficient
Little Forest Bat Resident Data Deficient
Long-nosed Potoroo Resident Extinct
Pademelon Resident Extinct
Short-beaked Echidna Resident Critically Endangered
Southern Brown Bandicoot Resident Extinct
Southern Forest Bat Resident Data Deficient
Spot-tailed Quoll Resident Extinct
Sugar Glider Resident Critically Endangered
Water Rat Resident Data Deficient
White-striped Freetail Bat Resident Secure
Wombat Resident Extinct
Birds
Australasian Bittern Resident Critically Endangered
Australasian Grebe Resident Secure
Australasian Shoveler Resident Near Threatened
Australian Hobby Resident Secure
Australian Magpie Resident Secure
Australian Pelican Resident Secure
Australian Raven Resident Secure
Australian Shelduck Resident Secure
Australian Spotted Crake Resident Near Threatened
Australian White Ibis Resident Secure
Australian Wood Duck Resident Secure
Baillon's Crake Resident Vulnerable
Banded Lapwing Resident Critically Endangered
Banded Stilt Transient Data Deficient
Barn Owl Resident Vulnerable
Bar-tailed Godwit Resident Vulnerable
Bassian Thrush Resident Extinct
Beautiful Firetail Resident Extinct
Black Kite Transient Endangered
Black Swan Resident Secure
Black-faced Cuckoo-Shrike Resident Secure
52
Common name Residential status Kingston status
Black-fronted Dotterel Resident Secure
Black-shouldered Kite Resident Secure
Black-tailed Native-Hen Resident Data Deficient
Black-winged Stilt Resident Secure
Blue-billed Duck Resident Near Threatened
Blue-winged Parrot Transient Endangered
Brolga Resident Extinct
Brown Falcon Resident Secure
Brown Goshawk Resident Near Threatened
Brown Quail Resident Endangered
Brown Songlark Transient Endangered
Brown Thornbill Resident Secure
Brush Bronzewing Resident Critically Endangered
Buff-Banded Rail Resident Vulnerable
Bush Stone-Curlew Resident Extinct
Bustard Transient Extinct
Caspian Tern Resident Data Deficient
Cattle Egret Transient Vulnerable
Chestnut Teal Resident Secure
Clamorous Reed Warbler Transient Secure
Collared Sparrowhawk Resident Critically Endangered
Common Bronzewing Resident Vulnerable
Common Greenshank Transient Near Threatened
Common Sandpiper Transient Vulnerable
Common Tern Transient Vulnerable
Crested Pigeon Resident Secure
Crested Shrike-Tit Resident Endangered
Crested Tern Resident Secure
Crimson Rosella Resident Vulnerable
Curlew Sandpiper Transient Near Threatened
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 53
Common name Residential status Kingston status
Darter Resident Vulnerable
Diamond Firetail Resident Extinct
Double-banded Plover Transient Vulnerable
Dusky Moorhen Resident Secure
Dusky Woodswallow Transient Near Threatened
Eastern Curlew Transient Near Threatened
Eastern Rosella Resident Secure
Eastern Spinebill Resident Near Threatened
Eastern Yellow Robin Resident Near Threatened
Emu Resident Extinct
Eurasian Coot Resident Secure
Fairy Martin Transient Near Threatened
Fan-tailed Cuckoo Transient Secure
Flame Robin Transient Secure
Freckled Duck Transient Endangered
Galah Resident Secure
Gang-Gang Cockatoo Transient Endangered
Glossy Black Cockatoo Resident Extinct
Glossy Ibis Transient Near Threatened
Golden Whistler Transient Vulnerable
Golden-Headed Cisticola Resident Secure
Great Cormorant Resident Secure
Great Crested Grebe Resident Endangered
Great Egret Resident Near Threatened
Grey Butcherbird Resident Secure
Grey Currawong Resident Endangered
Grey Fantail Resident Secure
Grey Goshawk Resident Critically Endangered
Grey Plover Transient Near Threatened
Grey Shrike-Thrush Resident Near Threatened
Grey Teal Resident Secure
Grey-crowned Babbler Resident Extinct
Ground Parrot Resident Extinct
Hardhead Resident Near Threatened
Hoary-headed Grebe Resident Secure
Hooded Robin Resident Extinct
Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo Transient Near Threatened
Intermediate Egret Resident Critically Endangered
Jacky Winter Resident Critically Endangered
King Quail Resident Extinct
Latham's Snipe Transient Near Threatened
Laughing Kookaburra Resident Vulnerable
Lewin's Rail Resident Endangered
Little Bittern Transient Endangered
Little Black Cormorant Resident Secure
54
Common name Residential status Kingston status
Little Corella Resident Vulnerable
Little Eagle Transient Vulnerable
Little Egret Resident Endangered
Little Grassbird Resident Secure
Little Lorikeet Transient Vulnerable
Little Pied Cormorant Resident Secure
Little Raven Resident Secure
Little Wattlebird Resident Secure
Long-billed Corella Resident Vulnerable
Long-toed Stint Transient Vulnerable
Magpie Goose Resident Critically Endangered
Magpie-Lark Resident Secure
Marsh Sandpiper Transient Near Threatened
Masked Lapwing Resident Secure
Masked Woodswallow Transient Extinct
Mistletoebird Resident Near Threatened
Musk Duck Resident Near Threatened
Musk Lorikeet Resident Secure
Nankeen Kestrel Resident Secure
Nankeen Night Heron Resident Near Threatened
New Holland Honeyeater Resident Near Threatened
Noisy Friarbird Transient Extinct
Noisy Miner Resident Secure
Olive-backed Oriole Transient Endangered
Orange-bellied Parrot Transient Critically Endangered
Pacific Black Duck Resident Secure
Pacific Golden Plover Transient Near Threatened
Pacific Gull Resident Secure
Painted Button-Quail Resident Critically Endangered
Pallid Cuckoo Transient Vulnerable
Pectoral Sandpiper Transient Near Threatened
Peregrine Falcon Resident Vulnerable
Pied Cormorant Resident Near Threatened
Pied Currawong Transient Data Deficient
Pink-eared Duck Resident Vulnerable
Plumed Whistling-Duck Transient Critically Endangered
Purple Swamphen Resident Secure
Purple-crowned Lorikeet Transient Vulnerable
Rainbow Lorikeet Resident Secure
Red Wattlebird Resident Secure
Red-browed Finch Resident Near Threatened
Red-capped Plover Resident Secure
Red-kneed Dotterel Resident Secure
Red-necked Avocet Transient Vulnerable
Red-necked Stint Transient Secure
Red-rumped Parrot Resident Secure
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 55
Common name Residential status Kingston status
Regent Honeyeater Transient Extinct
Richard's Pipit Resident Secure
Rose Robin Transient Extinct
Royal Spoonbill Resident Near Threatened
Ruddy Turnstone Transient Endangered
Ruff Transient Vulnerable
Rufous Fantail Transient Data Deficient
Rufous Songlark Resident Extinct
Rufous Whistler Transient Vulnerable
Sacred Kingfisher Transient Vulnerable
Sanderling Transient Near Threatened
Satin Bowerbird Resident Extinct
Satin Flycatcher Transient Endangered
Scarlet Robin Resident Vulnerable
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Resident Near Threatened
Shining Bronze-Cuckoo Transient Vulnerable
Silver Gull Resident Secure
Silvereye Resident Secure
Southern Boobook Resident Vulnerable
Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater Resident Vulnerable
Spotless Crake Resident Vulnerable
Spotted Pardalote Resident Secure
Straw-necked Ibis Resident Secure
Striated Fieldwren Resident Critically Endangered
Striated Pardalote Resident Secure
Striated Thornbill Resident Near Threatened
Stubble Quail Resident Near Threatened
Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Resident Secure
Superb Fairy-wren Resident Secure
56
Common name Residential status Kingston status
Swamp Harrier Resident Secure
Swift Parrot Transient Endangered
Tawny Frogmouth Resident Vulnerable
Terek Sandpiper Transient Endangered
Tree Martin Transient Near Threatened
Turquoise Parrot Transient Extinct
Varied Sittella Resident Critically Endangered
Wedge-bailed Eagle Transient Endangered
Welcome Swallow Resident Secure
Whimbrel Transient Vulnerable
Whiskered Tern Transient Near Threatened
Whistling Kite Resident Secure
White-bellied Sea-Eagle Transient Vulnerable
White-browed Scrubwren Resident Secure
White-browed Woodswallow Resident Extinct
White-eared Honeyeater Resident Endangered
White-faced Heron Resident Secure
White-fronted Chat Resident Near Threatened
White-naped Honeyeater Resident Vulnerable
White-Necked Heron Resident Near Threatened
White-plumed Honeyeater Resident Secure
White-throated Needletail Transient Secure
White-winged Black Tern Transient Near Threatened
White-winged Chough Resident Extinct
White-winged Triller Resident Critically Endangered
Willie Wagtail Resident Secure
Wood Sandpiper Transient Vulnerable
Yellow Thornbill Resident Vulnerable
Yellow-billed Spoonbill Resident Near Threatened
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 57
Common name Residential status Kingston status
Yellow-faced Honeyeater Transient Data Deficient
Yellow-rumped Thornbill Resident Near Threatened
Reptiles
Blotched blue-tongued Lizard Resident Vulnerable
Bougainville's Skink Resident Endangered
Common Blue-tongued Lizard Resident Endangered
Eastern Brown Snake Resident Critically Endangered
Eastern Three-lined Skink Resident Endangered
Garden Skink Resident Secure
Lace Monitor Resident Extinct
Lowland Copperhead Resident Vulnerable
Marbled Gecko Resident Data Deficient
Southern Grass Skink Resident Critically Endangered
Tiger Snake Resident Critically Endangered
Tree Dragon Resident Critically Endangered
Weasel Skink Resident Data Deficient
White-lipped Snake Resident Critically Endangered
Frogs
Common Froglet Resident Secure
Growling Grass Frog Resident Critically Endangered
Southern Brown Tree Frog Resident Secure
Southern Bullfrog Resident Secure
Southern Toadlet Resident Critically Endangered
Spotted Marsh Frog Resident Secure
Striped Marsh Frog Resident Data Deficient
Whistling Tree Frog Resident Critically Endangered
Fish
Common Galaxias Resident Secure
Shortfin Eel Resident Secure
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Appendix 6. National and State significant fauna of the City of Kingston
LegendEPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999)DSE Department of Sustainability and EnvironmentFFG Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988)AVW Atlas of Victorian WildlifeV = Venerable E = Endangered R = Rare L = Listed RX Extinct NT Near ThreatenedCR Critically Endangered DD Data DeficientEN Endangered Secure None of the above categoriesVU Vulnerable
EPBC DSE FFG Common name Last AVW Record Residential status
Kingston status
NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE:
Birds
EN CR L Orange-bellied Parrot 1977 Transient Critically Endangered
EN EN L Swift Parrot 1978 Transient Endangered
Frogs
VU EN L Growling Grass Frog 1999 Resident Critically Endangered
STATE SIGNIFICANCE:
Mammals
VU Grey-headed Flying-fox Transient Vulnerable
Birds
EN L Australasian Bittern 2001 Resident Critically Endangered
VU Australasian Shoveler 2003 Resident Near Threatened
VU L Baillon's Crake 2001 Resident Vulnerable
EN L Blue-billed Duck 2001 Resident Near Threatened
NT Brown Quail 2001 Resident Endangered
NT L Caspian Tern 1998 Resident Data Deficient
VU Common Sandpiper 1990 Transient Vulnerable
NT Eastern Curlew 1990 Transient Near Threatened
EN L Freckled Duck 2003 Transient Endangered
NT Glossy Ibis 2001 Transient Near Threatened
VU L Great Egret 2003 Resident Near Threatened
VU Grey Goshawk 1990 Resident Critically Endangered
NT Grey Plover 1977 Transient Near Threatened
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 59
EPBC DSE FFG Common name Last AVW Record Residential status
Kingston status
VU Hardhead 2003 Resident Near Threatened
CR L Intermediate Egret 2001 Resident Critically Endangered
NT Latham's Snipe 2003 Transient Near Threatened
VU L Lewin's Rail 1996 Resident Endangered
EN L Little Bittern 1990 Transient Endangered
EN L Little Egret 2000 Resident Endangered
VU Magpie Goose 2003 Resident Critically Endangered
VU Musk Duck 2003 Resident Near Threatened
NT Nankeen Night Heron 2001 Resident Near Threatened
NT Pacific Golden Plover 1987 Transient Near Threatened
NT Pacific Gull 2001 Resident Secure
NT Pectoral Sandpiper 2000 Transient Near Threatened
NT Pied Cormorant 2001 Resident Near Threatened
VU Royal Spoonbill 2003 Resident Near Threatened
NT Sanderling 2001 Transient Near Threatened
EN L Terek Sandpiper 1977 Transient Endangered
VU Whimbrel 1977 Transient Vulnerable
NT Whiskered Tern 2002 Transient Near Threatened
VU L White-bellied Sea-Eagle 1995 Transient Vulnerable
NT White-winged Black Tern 2000 Transient Near Threatened
VU Wood Sandpiper 2001 Transient Vulnerable
Frogs
VU Southern Toadlet 1990 Resident Critically Endangered
EN CR L Regent Honeyeater 1947 Transient Extinct
EN NT Southern Brown Bandicoot
1989 Resident Extinct
CR Bustard Transient Extinct
CR King Quail Resident Extinct
EN Bush Stone-curlew Resident Extinct
EN L Grey-crowned Babbler 2002 Resident Extinct
EN Ground Parrot Resident Extinct
EN Long-nosed Potoroo Resident Extinct
EN Spot-tailed Quoll Resident Extinct
RX Eastern Quoll Resident Extinct
RX Pademelon Resident Extinct
VU Brolga Resident Extinct
VU L Diamond Firetail 1990 Resident Extinct
VU Glossy Black Cockatoo Resident Extinct
VU Lace Monitor Resident Extinct
VU Tree Goanna 1977 Resident Extinct
NT Hooded Robin Resident Extinct
NT Turquoise Parrot Transient Extinct
DD Dingo Resident Extinct
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References
Scott R, Blake N, Campbell J, Evans D & Williams N 2002. Indigenous Plants of the Sandbelt: A Gardening Guide for South-eastern Melbourne. Earthcare St Kilda, Melbourne.
Yugovic J 2006. Coastal vegetation of the City of Kingston. Report to the City of Kingston, Biosis Research Pty Ltd, Victoria.
National Agreements and StrategiesNational Biodiversity and Climate Change Action Plan, 2004-2007
Victorian Strategy and PolicyVictorian Vegetation Management FrameworkVictorian Coastal Strategy, 2002Victorian Local Stability Accord, August 2005Victorian Local Stability Accord Summary, August 2005
Local Strategies and PlansBraeside Metropolitan Park Master Plan ReportKingston Foreshore StrategyKingston State of the Environment Report, 1996Kingston Foreshore and Waterways Landscape Guidelines, July 2002Kingston Street Tree Management Plan, 2000
Regional Strategies and PlansPort Phillip and Western Port Regional Catchment Strategy Summary, 2004-2009Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
For a large print version of this strategy contact the City of Kingston Communications Department on (03) 9581 4730.
C I T Y O F K I N G S T O N | Biodiversity Strategy 2007-2012 61
Notes
1230 Nepean Highway, Cheltenham, VIC 3192PO Box 1000, Mentone, VIC 3194Telephone: 1300 653 356 Fax: 03 9581 4500Email: [email protected]: www.kingston.vic.gov.au
Printed by waterless offset on 100% recycled paper.