Download - Chapter3 Information Control
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Information Control
Chapter 3
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In this chapter..
You will learn the concept on the following:
Information control
Providing and keeping information Intellectual property
Digital rights management
Privacy
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Introduction
It is true that governments, the military, spiesand security agencies all impose informationcontrol on the information that they hold.
Some countries also have 'freedom ofinformation' acts that allow the public accessto information in order to maintain the
transparency of government and to preventthe possibility of creating the worst excessesof totalitarian states
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Introduction
However, a far larger requirement forinformation control comes from commerce,industry and Copyright owners in general.
But this is not the governmental inspirationfor information control.
Some of it is about keeping secrets inside a
business, and some of it is about selling IPR(Intellectual Property Rights) to thoseprepared to purchase it.
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Introduction
What we are interested in is commercial
information control
What is it? How can it be readily implemented so that
controls are
Efficient
Effective Effortless
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Group Activity
Form a group and read the quote from ThomasJefferson
Answer the following questions:
What is your understanding of exclusive property?
How did Thomas Jefferson understand the notion of anidea as a non-exclusive property?
Discuss amongst yourselves the possibility of an ideabecoming exclusive
Do you agree with Thomas Jeffersons idea of an idea?
Prepare a 5-10 minute explanation in front of the class
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Information Control
What is information control?
Information control is about allowing those who
have appropriate authority access to and use of
information on the basis of the authority that they
hold.
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Information Control
Why is there a need for control?
From a normative perspective, there are many
arguments for and against various forms of
information control, most common of which are
for:
objectionable content
defamation
copyright
Privacy
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Regulations
Content control / Censorship: We mustcontrol information flows to protect childrenfrom objectionable content or all citizens
against some other form of supposedlyharmful speech (hate speech, terroristrecruitment, etc).
Defamation control: We must controlinformation flows to protect peoplesreputations.
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Regulations
Copyright control: We must control
information flows to protect the property
rights of creators against unauthorized use /
distribution.
Privacy control: We must control information
flows to protect against information flows that
include information about individuals.
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Intellectual Property
What is Intellectual Property?
a number of distinct types of intangible assets for
which a set of exclusive rights are recognized such as
musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries andinventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs
What is IPR?
Intellectual property rights (IPR) are the rights given to
persons over their creations. They usually give the
creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her
creation for a certain period of time.
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Intellectual Property
Copyright
Digital Rights
Patents
Trademarks
Trade Secrets
We will be focusing mainly on the first two
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IP-Copyright
a set of exclusive rights granted by a state tothe creator of an original work or theirassignee for a limited period of time in
exchange for public disclosure of the work andincludes the right to copy, distribute andadapt the work.
Copyright owners can license or permanentlytransfer or assign their exclusive rights toothers.
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IP-Digital Rights
the permissions of individuals legitimately to
perform actions involving the use of a
computer, any electronic device, or a
communications network.
is particularly related to the protection and
realization of existing rights in the context of
new digital technologies, especiallythe Internet
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IP-Patent
a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to
an inventor for a limited period of time in
exchange for the public disclosure of an
invention.
The exclusive right granted to a patentee in
most countries is the right to prevent others
from making, using, selling, or distributing thepatented invention without permission.
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IP-Trademark
a distinctive sign used by an individual, businessorganization, or other legal entity to identify thatthe products or services to consumers with which thetrademark appears comes from a unique source, and to
distinguish its products or services from the others. Registration is not required, but the owner of a registered
trademark may file for trademark infringement tounauthorized users of that trademark.
The owner of a common law trademark may also file suit,
but an unregistered mark may be protect-able only withinthe geographical area within which it has been used or ingeographical areas into which it may be reasonablyexpected to expand.
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IP-Trade Secrets
Businesses and organizations
Contract
NDA (Non disclosure agreement)
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Intellectual Property
Source: www.bsa.org
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IP and DRM
What is Digital Rights Management?
used to describe the processes by which the
author or publisher of a work exerts his rights to
control what the purchaser of his work is entitled
to do.
represents the controls by which you can prevent
someone from copying or printing or editing orotherwise making available your privileged
information to other people.
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Print age vs. Digital age
Print industry
copying and re-printing a physical book
Digital Age Computer age
Copies are made at zero cost with minimal
detection
Films, music, pdf files
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DRM Techniques
The following are techniques designed to control
access and reproduction of online
information:
Encryption
Digital locks
Serial keys
Scrambling
Tag embedding
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Privacy
In 1984, Stewart Brand famously said
that information wants to be free.
John Perry Barlow reiterated it in the early90s, and added Information Replicates into
the Cracks of Possibility.
Unfortunately, information replication doesnt
discriminate
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Privacy
The natural state of data is to be copied,
logged, transmitted, stored, and stored again.
It takes constant fighting and vigilance toprevent that breach.
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How private is private?
Yahoos privacy policy:Source: http://info.yahoo.com/privacy/us/yahoo/details.html
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But think about it
How can we have privacy control?
Is it possible to have such control?
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Privacy-related Regulations
Do Not Track List
Right to be Forgotten online
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Therefore
Is there a need for information control in
terms of all four instances?
Objectionable content
Defamation
Copyright
Privacy
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Control Issues
Efforts to control information today are greatly
complicated by problems associated with:
Convergence
Scale
Volume
Unprecedented individual empowerment/user-
generation of content
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Convergence
Media content and information distribution
outlets are blurring together today thanks to
the rise of myriad new technologies and
competitors.
These new technologies and competitors
generally ignore or reject the distribution-
based distinctions and limitations of the past.
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Convergence
In other words, convergence means that mediacontent is increasingly being unbundled fromits traditional distribution platforms and finding
many paths to the consumers. As a result of these developments, it is now
possible to disseminate, find, or consume thesame content / information via multiple devices
or distribution networks. In this way, convergence complicates efforts to
create effective information control regimes.
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Scale
In the past, the reach of speech and informationwas limited by geographic, technological, andcultural / language considerations.
Today, by contrast, media can now flow acrossthe globe at the click of a button because of thedramatic expansion of Internet access andbroadband connectivity.
While restrictions by nation-states are still
possible, the scale of modern digital speech andcontent dissemination greatly complicatesgovernment efforts to control information flows.
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Volume
The sheer volume of media and communicationsactivity taking place today also complicatesregulatory efforts.
While it may have been possible to oversee ahandful of newspapers or TV and radio stations ineach community or country in the past, todayselectronic media universe is so diverse and
enormousand evolving so quicklythatcontent controls significantly complicateenforcement burdens.
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Unprecedented individual
empowerment
In this new world in which every man, woman
and child can be a one-person publishing
house or self-broadcaster, restrictions on
viewing, listening or uploading and
downloading will be become increasingly
difficult to devise and enforce
By comparison, few of those opportunitieswere available to the citizenry in the past
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In Conclusion
The shift from an industrial economy to an
information based economy has raised the
stakes concerning the control of information
and ideas.
Also, computer networks coupled with
digitally stored information is significantly
changing the way we interact andcommunicate.
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In Conclusion
We will have to be much more careful about
what we do and say in the future both publicly
and privately.
Any information or ideas that we disclose,
including inventions, recipes, or sensitive
personal information, might soon be bouncing
around cyberspace for anyone to access
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Case study intro
Why did 37% choose statement B?
Is it true? Does IP make things more expensive?