chapter3 information control

8/6/2019 Chapter3 Information Control

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Information Control

Chapter 3


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In this chapter..

You will learn the concept on the following:

Information control

Providing and keeping information Intellectual property

Digital rights management

Privacy


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Introduction

It is true that governments, the military, spiesand security agencies all impose informationcontrol on the information that they hold.

Some countries also have 'freedom ofinformation' acts that allow the public accessto information in order to maintain the

transparency of government and to preventthe possibility of creating the worst excessesof totalitarian states


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Introduction

However, a far larger requirement forinformation control comes from commerce,industry and Copyright owners in general.

But this is not the governmental inspirationfor information control.

Some of it is about keeping secrets inside a

business, and some of it is about selling IPR(Intellectual Property Rights) to thoseprepared to purchase it.


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Introduction

What we are interested in is commercial

information control

What is it? How can it be readily implemented so that

controls are

Efficient

Effective Effortless


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Group Activity

Form a group and read the quote from ThomasJefferson

Answer the following questions:

What is your understanding of exclusive property?

How did Thomas Jefferson understand the notion of anidea as a non-exclusive property?

Discuss amongst yourselves the possibility of an ideabecoming exclusive

Do you agree with Thomas Jeffersons idea of an idea?

Prepare a 5-10 minute explanation in front of the class


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Information Control

What is information control?

Information control is about allowing those who

have appropriate authority access to and use of

information on the basis of the authority that they

hold.


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Information Control

Why is there a need for control?

From a normative perspective, there are many

arguments for and against various forms of

information control, most common of which are

for:

objectionable content

defamation

copyright

Privacy


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Regulations

Content control / Censorship: We mustcontrol information flows to protect childrenfrom objectionable content or all citizens

against some other form of supposedlyharmful speech (hate speech, terroristrecruitment, etc).

Defamation control: We must controlinformation flows to protect peoplesreputations.


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Regulations

Copyright control: We must control

information flows to protect the property

rights of creators against unauthorized use /

distribution.

Privacy control: We must control information

flows to protect against information flows that

include information about individuals.


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Intellectual Property

What is Intellectual Property?

a number of distinct types of intangible assets for

which a set of exclusive rights are recognized such as

musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries andinventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs

What is IPR?

Intellectual property rights (IPR) are the rights given to

persons over their creations. They usually give the

creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her

creation for a certain period of time.


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Copyright

Digital Rights

Patents

Trademarks

Trade Secrets

We will be focusing mainly on the first two


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IP-Copyright

a set of exclusive rights granted by a state tothe creator of an original work or theirassignee for a limited period of time in

exchange for public disclosure of the work andincludes the right to copy, distribute andadapt the work.

Copyright owners can license or permanentlytransfer or assign their exclusive rights toothers.


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IP-Digital Rights

the permissions of individuals legitimately to

perform actions involving the use of a

computer, any electronic device, or a

communications network.

is particularly related to the protection and

realization of existing rights in the context of

new digital technologies, especiallythe Internet


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IP-Patent

a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to

an inventor for a limited period of time in

exchange for the public disclosure of an

invention.

The exclusive right granted to a patentee in

most countries is the right to prevent others

from making, using, selling, or distributing thepatented invention without permission.


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IP-Trademark

a distinctive sign used by an individual, businessorganization, or other legal entity to identify thatthe products or services to consumers with which thetrademark appears comes from a unique source, and to

distinguish its products or services from the others. Registration is not required, but the owner of a registered

trademark may file for trademark infringement tounauthorized users of that trademark.

The owner of a common law trademark may also file suit,

but an unregistered mark may be protect-able only withinthe geographical area within which it has been used or ingeographical areas into which it may be reasonablyexpected to expand.


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IP-Trade Secrets

Businesses and organizations

Contract

NDA (Non disclosure agreement)


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Source: www.bsa.org


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IP and DRM

What is Digital Rights Management?

used to describe the processes by which the

author or publisher of a work exerts his rights to

control what the purchaser of his work is entitled

to do.

represents the controls by which you can prevent

someone from copying or printing or editing orotherwise making available your privileged

information to other people.


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Print age vs. Digital age

Print industry

copying and re-printing a physical book

Digital Age Computer age

Copies are made at zero cost with minimal

detection

Films, music, pdf files


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DRM Techniques

The following are techniques designed to control

access and reproduction of online

information:

Encryption

Digital locks

Serial keys

Scrambling

Tag embedding


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Privacy

In 1984, Stewart Brand famously said

that information wants to be free.

John Perry Barlow reiterated it in the early90s, and added Information Replicates into

the Cracks of Possibility.

Unfortunately, information replication doesnt

discriminate


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Privacy

The natural state of data is to be copied,

logged, transmitted, stored, and stored again.

It takes constant fighting and vigilance toprevent that breach.


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How private is private?

Yahoos privacy policy:Source: http://info.yahoo.com/privacy/us/yahoo/details.html


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But think about it

How can we have privacy control?

Is it possible to have such control?


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Privacy-related Regulations

Do Not Track List

Right to be Forgotten online


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Therefore

Is there a need for information control in

terms of all four instances?

Objectionable content

Defamation

Copyright

Privacy


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Control Issues

Efforts to control information today are greatly

complicated by problems associated with:

Convergence

Scale

Volume

Unprecedented individual empowerment/user-

generation of content


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Convergence

Media content and information distribution

outlets are blurring together today thanks to

the rise of myriad new technologies and

competitors.

These new technologies and competitors

generally ignore or reject the distribution-

based distinctions and limitations of the past.


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Convergence

In other words, convergence means that mediacontent is increasingly being unbundled fromits traditional distribution platforms and finding

many paths to the consumers. As a result of these developments, it is now

possible to disseminate, find, or consume thesame content / information via multiple devices

or distribution networks. In this way, convergence complicates efforts to

create effective information control regimes.


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Scale

In the past, the reach of speech and informationwas limited by geographic, technological, andcultural / language considerations.

Today, by contrast, media can now flow acrossthe globe at the click of a button because of thedramatic expansion of Internet access andbroadband connectivity.

While restrictions by nation-states are still

possible, the scale of modern digital speech andcontent dissemination greatly complicatesgovernment efforts to control information flows.


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Volume

The sheer volume of media and communicationsactivity taking place today also complicatesregulatory efforts.

While it may have been possible to oversee ahandful of newspapers or TV and radio stations ineach community or country in the past, todayselectronic media universe is so diverse and

enormousand evolving so quicklythatcontent controls significantly complicateenforcement burdens.


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Unprecedented individual

empowerment

In this new world in which every man, woman

and child can be a one-person publishing

house or self-broadcaster, restrictions on

viewing, listening or uploading and

downloading will be become increasingly

difficult to devise and enforce

By comparison, few of those opportunitieswere available to the citizenry in the past


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In Conclusion

The shift from an industrial economy to an

information based economy has raised the

stakes concerning the control of information

and ideas.

Also, computer networks coupled with

digitally stored information is significantly

changing the way we interact andcommunicate.


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In Conclusion

We will have to be much more careful about

what we do and say in the future both publicly

and privately.

Any information or ideas that we disclose,

including inventions, recipes, or sensitive

personal information, might soon be bouncing

around cyberspace for anyone to access


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Case study intro

Why did 37% choose statement B?

Is it true? Does IP make things more expensive?

chapter3 information control

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