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Chapter 8: The Renaissance in Italy
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The Renaissance Spirit in Italy
• Renaissance– It literally means rebirth.– The term applied to the relearning of the Greek
and Roman humanities.
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The Renaissance Spirit in Italy
• Patronage & the Italian City-States– Florence– Milan– Venice– The Papal States– The Kingdom of Naples
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The Renaissance Spirit in Italy
• Patronage & the Italian City-States– The de Medici of Florence• The most prolific family in
the contribution to the arts.• Under Lorenzo de Medici the
Italian Renaissance reached its high point.
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The Renaissance Spirit in Italy
• Patronage & the Italian City-States– Roman History• The concept of civic humanism came from the ideals of
the Roman Republic.• Also Stoicism played a role in the advancement of self-
interest for the benefit of the civic good.
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The Early Renaissance
• Art– Filippo Brunelleschi• Deemed the greatest
architect of all the Renaissance.• His masterpiece was the
dome bearing his name built on the Pazzi chapel.
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The Early Renaissance
• Art– Tommaso di Giovanni (aka
Masaccio)• The first artist to truly perfect
the use of perspective.
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The Early Renaissance
• Art– Tommaso di Giovanni (aka Masaccio)• Atmospheric Perspective is accomplished by the
blurring of depth.• Linear Perspective is accomplished by the shrinking of
images to achieve depth.
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The Early Renaissance
• Art– Sandro Botticelli• He began using classical
mythology with Christian symbology.
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The Early Renaissance
• Art– Sandro Botticelli
The Birth of Venus
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The Early Renaissance
• Music– It was believed that a closer link between music
and poetry should occur while imitating the ancients.
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The Early Renaissance
• Music– Madrigal • It was a song set in four parts with each part performed
by one singer.• It was a poem with no repeating stanzas or refrains.
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The Early Renaissance
• Music– Word Painting• The concept represented the
musical depiction of a text’s meaning.• It was inspired by Petrarch’s
love of poetry.
Petrarch
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The Early Renaissance
• Sculpting– Donatello• He is credited with
reinventing the freestanding nude in the classical style.
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The Early Renaissance
• Sculpting– Donatello
David
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The Early Renaissance
• Sculpting– Michelangelo Buonarroti• He is considered
Donatello’s greatest revival.
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The Early Renaissance
• Sculpting– Michelangelo
Buonarroti• He excelled in nearly
every artistic medium.
David
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The Early Renaissance
• The Fall of Florence– Savonarola• He was a monk who attacked the pagan pleasure
seekers of Florence, making himself a morality dictator.• His high point became known as the “Bonfire of the
Vanities” in which all vices, including the arts, were publically burned.
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Renaissance Genius
• Niccolo Machiavelli– He wrote the work, The
Prince, in honor of Lorenzo de Medici.
– It was a how to run the government taking a secular (non-religious) viewpoint.
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Renaissance Genius
• Leonardo da Vinci– Commonly regarded as
the “Renaissance Man.”– He excelled in the arts,
mathematics, and the sciences.
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Renaissance Genius
• Leonardo da Vinci– His only rival artistically
was Michelangelo.– His creation of the classical
triangle became a staple of Renaissance painting.
– His use of sfumato, the blurring of outlines, also became a common practice.
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The High Renaissance
• The epicenter of the High Renaissance was Rome.
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The High Renaissance
• Josquin des Prez– Regarded as the greatest
composer of the age.– He merged northern
European polyphony with Italian chordal harmonies.
– He popularized imitation, melody that is duplicated by succeeding voices.
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The High Renaissance
• Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio)– He became the chief artist
for the papacy.
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The High Renaissance
• Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio)– His most famous work was the School of
Athens.
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The High Renaissance
• Michelangelo in Rome– He was also brought in by the papacy.
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The High Renaissance
• Michelangelo in Rome– The painting of the Sistine Chapel was one of the
hi-lights of his work.
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The High Renaissance
• The Reconstruction of St. Peter’s Chapel– The Players all contributed designs for the chapel.• Bramante• Sangallo• Michelangelo
Bramante Sangallo Michelangelo
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The High Renaissance
• The Reconstruction of St. Peter’s Chapel– Carlo Maderno, in 1606,
combined the plans, keeping true to the Greek cross design originally proposed by all of the original architects.