chapter 8: the renaissance in italy. the renaissance spirit in italy renaissance – it literally...
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Chapter 8: The Renaissance in Italy
The Renaissance Spirit in Italy
• Renaissance– It literally means rebirth.– The term applied to the relearning of the Greek
and Roman humanities.
The Renaissance Spirit in Italy
• Patronage & the Italian City-States– Florence– Milan– Venice– The Papal States– The Kingdom of Naples
The Renaissance Spirit in Italy
• Patronage & the Italian City-States– The de Medici of Florence• The most prolific family in
the contribution to the arts.• Under Lorenzo de Medici the
Italian Renaissance reached its high point.
The Renaissance Spirit in Italy
• Patronage & the Italian City-States– Roman History• The concept of civic humanism came from the ideals of
the Roman Republic.• Also Stoicism played a role in the advancement of self-
interest for the benefit of the civic good.
The Early Renaissance
• Art– Filippo Brunelleschi• Deemed the greatest
architect of all the Renaissance.• His masterpiece was the
dome bearing his name built on the Pazzi chapel.
The Early Renaissance
• Art– Tommaso di Giovanni (aka
Masaccio)• The first artist to truly perfect
the use of perspective.
The Early Renaissance
• Art– Tommaso di Giovanni (aka Masaccio)• Atmospheric Perspective is accomplished by the
blurring of depth.• Linear Perspective is accomplished by the shrinking of
images to achieve depth.
The Early Renaissance
• Art– Sandro Botticelli• He began using classical
mythology with Christian symbology.
The Early Renaissance
• Art– Sandro Botticelli
The Birth of Venus
The Early Renaissance
• Music– It was believed that a closer link between music
and poetry should occur while imitating the ancients.
The Early Renaissance
• Music– Madrigal • It was a song set in four parts with each part performed
by one singer.• It was a poem with no repeating stanzas or refrains.
The Early Renaissance
• Music– Word Painting• The concept represented the
musical depiction of a text’s meaning.• It was inspired by Petrarch’s
love of poetry.
Petrarch
The Early Renaissance
• Sculpting– Donatello• He is credited with
reinventing the freestanding nude in the classical style.
The Early Renaissance
• Sculpting– Donatello
David
The Early Renaissance
• Sculpting– Michelangelo Buonarroti• He is considered
Donatello’s greatest revival.
The Early Renaissance
• Sculpting– Michelangelo
Buonarroti• He excelled in nearly
every artistic medium.
David
The Early Renaissance
• The Fall of Florence– Savonarola• He was a monk who attacked the pagan pleasure
seekers of Florence, making himself a morality dictator.• His high point became known as the “Bonfire of the
Vanities” in which all vices, including the arts, were publically burned.
Renaissance Genius
• Niccolo Machiavelli– He wrote the work, The
Prince, in honor of Lorenzo de Medici.
– It was a how to run the government taking a secular (non-religious) viewpoint.
Renaissance Genius
• Leonardo da Vinci– Commonly regarded as
the “Renaissance Man.”– He excelled in the arts,
mathematics, and the sciences.
Renaissance Genius
• Leonardo da Vinci– His only rival artistically
was Michelangelo.– His creation of the classical
triangle became a staple of Renaissance painting.
– His use of sfumato, the blurring of outlines, also became a common practice.
The High Renaissance
• The epicenter of the High Renaissance was Rome.
The High Renaissance
• Josquin des Prez– Regarded as the greatest
composer of the age.– He merged northern
European polyphony with Italian chordal harmonies.
– He popularized imitation, melody that is duplicated by succeeding voices.
The High Renaissance
• Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio)– He became the chief artist
for the papacy.
The High Renaissance
• Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio)– His most famous work was the School of
Athens.
The High Renaissance
• Michelangelo in Rome– He was also brought in by the papacy.
The High Renaissance
• Michelangelo in Rome– The painting of the Sistine Chapel was one of the
hi-lights of his work.
The High Renaissance
• The Reconstruction of St. Peter’s Chapel– The Players all contributed designs for the chapel.• Bramante• Sangallo• Michelangelo
Bramante Sangallo Michelangelo
The High Renaissance
• The Reconstruction of St. Peter’s Chapel– Carlo Maderno, in 1606,
combined the plans, keeping true to the Greek cross design originally proposed by all of the original architects.