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Chapter 7
The Elements
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Chapter 7 - The Elements
90 natural elements (all after U man-made, also Tc and Pm are man-made)
# & location of valence e- determine chemistry
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Chapter 7 - The Elements
metals tend to LOSE e- metal reactivity increases ↓ a group, and ←
a period
nonmetals tend to GAIN e- nonmetal reactivity increases ↑ a group
and → a period
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Chapter 7 – The Elements organic – composed of carbon and hydrogen
All life and edible things are organicAll plastics are organicMost dyes and flavors are organic
inorganic - composed of other elementsAll metals are inorganicAll rocks are inorganicMost dirt (not soil!) is inorganic
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Chapter 7 – The Elements mineral – several different ionic and
metallic compounds bound togetherExample: Bauxite – Alumina and Silica ground
together
ore – a salt or oxide of a particular, desired metalExample: Alumina – Aluminum and Oxygen ions bound together
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Chapter 7 – The Elements allotrope - a compound where the atoms
of an element are arranged in a specific fashion, giving desirable properties
8 allotropes of carbon
Red Vs. WhitePhosphorus
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Chapter 7 – The Elements amorphous – a compound where the
atoms of an element have no real arrangement, and thus have wax-like properties.
Amorphous Crystalline
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Alkali Metals: Group 1
Properties: Soft Explodes in
water Combines with
halogens to make salts
Lithium used in car batteries and to treat psychosis.
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Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2
Properties: Slightly Soft High melting
point (“earth”)
Never found pure in nature
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Inner Transition Elements: F-Block
Includes:Rare-EarthTransuranic Lanthanides=
very rare Actinides =
radioactive
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Transition Metals: D-Block
Properties: Very diverse
category Good
conductors Tend to bond
to oxygen
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Poor Metals: In P-Block
Properties: Common Oxides of all
are very toxic(Aluminum Oxide isn’t
soluble in water though)
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Metalloids: Flank the Dividing Line
Properties: Brittleness Semi-
Conductors Used in tech
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Nonmetals: in 1, 14, 15, 16
Properties:No real consistent
properties other than not metals
Gasses and Solids
Most will burn
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Halogens: Group 17
Properties: Highly caustic Form strong
acids React w/
metals to form salts
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Noble Gasses: Group 18
Properties: Inert
(except Xe) Used for
coolant in MRI machines
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Synthetics: Elements past 92
Synthetic means man-made
Made in Laboratories, Nuclear Bombs
Used in medicine, nuclear power, nuclear bombs
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Liquids, Solids, Gasses
Most elements are solid.
Gases
Liquids
Synthetics
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Periodic Table Project
Now you must plan your key carefully.
Each element must convey three pieces of information:
#1 solid, liquid, gas, synthetic, and/or representative element.
#2 Basic Group (metal, nonmetal, or metalloid)
#3 Elemental Family (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, etc.)
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Periodic Table Project Chapter 7 – Periodic Table Project is DUE:
October 31st (Halloween)!
Make sure your GRADING RUBRIC is attached.Your grade defaults to a 0 otherwise.
This is a three lab grades!