Chapter 7

The Elements

Chapter 7 - The Elements

90 natural elements (all after U man-made, also Tc and Pm are man-made)

# & location of valence e- determine chemistry

Chapter 7 - The Elements

metals tend to LOSE e- metal reactivity increases ↓ a group, and ←

a period

nonmetals tend to GAIN e- nonmetal reactivity increases ↑ a group

and → a period

Chapter 7 – The Elements organic – composed of carbon and hydrogen

All life and edible things are organicAll plastics are organicMost dyes and flavors are organic

inorganic - composed of other elementsAll metals are inorganicAll rocks are inorganicMost dirt (not soil!) is inorganic

Chapter 7 – The Elements mineral – several different ionic and

metallic compounds bound togetherExample: Bauxite – Alumina and Silica ground

together

ore – a salt or oxide of a particular, desired metalExample: Alumina – Aluminum and Oxygen ions bound together

Chapter 7 – The Elements allotrope - a compound where the atoms

of an element are arranged in a specific fashion, giving desirable properties

8 allotropes of carbon

Red Vs. WhitePhosphorus

Chapter 7 – The Elements amorphous – a compound where the

atoms of an element have no real arrangement, and thus have wax-like properties.

Amorphous Crystalline

Alkali Metals: Group 1

Properties: Soft Explodes in

water Combines with

halogens to make salts

Lithium used in car batteries and to treat psychosis.

Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2

Properties: Slightly Soft High melting

point (“earth”)

Never found pure in nature

Inner Transition Elements: F-Block

Includes:Rare-EarthTransuranic Lanthanides=

very rare Actinides =

radioactive

Transition Metals: D-Block

Properties: Very diverse

category Good

conductors Tend to bond

to oxygen

Poor Metals: In P-Block

Properties: Common Oxides of all

are very toxic(Aluminum Oxide isn’t

soluble in water though)

Metalloids: Flank the Dividing Line

Properties: Brittleness Semi-

Conductors Used in tech

Nonmetals: in 1, 14, 15, 16

Properties:No real consistent

properties other than not metals

Gasses and Solids

Most will burn

Halogens: Group 17

Properties: Highly caustic Form strong

acids React w/

metals to form salts

Noble Gasses: Group 18

Properties: Inert

(except Xe) Used for

coolant in MRI machines

Synthetics: Elements past 92

Synthetic means man-made

Made in Laboratories, Nuclear Bombs

Used in medicine, nuclear power, nuclear bombs

Liquids, Solids, Gasses

Most elements are solid.

Gases

Liquids

Synthetics

Periodic Table Project

Now you must plan your key carefully.

Each element must convey three pieces of information:

#1 solid, liquid, gas, synthetic, and/or representative element.

#2 Basic Group (metal, nonmetal, or metalloid)

#3 Elemental Family (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, etc.)

Periodic Table Project Chapter 7 – Periodic Table Project is DUE:

October 31st (Halloween)!

Make sure your GRADING RUBRIC is attached.Your grade defaults to a 0 otherwise.

This is a three lab grades!