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Chapter6,Lesson1PhysicalGeographyofCanada
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Canada
• 10provinces (likestates)&3territories• 5Regions
oMaritimeProvinceso Quebec&Ontarioo PrairieProvinceso BritishColumbiao NorthernTerritories
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ThePhysicalLandscapeofCanada
• TheEffectofGlacierso 1000sofyearsago,hugesheetsoficecoveredmostofCanada
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ThePhysicalLandscapeofCanada
• Glacierscreated:oManylakeso theCanadianShield(exposedbedrockneartheHudsonBay)
o Tundra – frozentreelessplains
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ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada• Maritime(Atlantic)Provinces(NovaScotia,PrinceEdwardIsland,NewBrunswick,Newfoundland&Labrador)o Appalachian&LaurentianHighlands
§ Farmlandinvalleys,forests,rockycoastlines
o Industries:fishing,manufacturing,shipping,mining,tourism
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ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada
• Ontario&Quebeco Fertilelowlandsforfarmingo GreatLakes&St.LawrenceSeaway,majorwaterroutetotheAtlantic§ Locks&canalsmovegrain&naturalresourcesfrominland
§ FishingindustryontheGreatLakeso Majorurbanindustrial,financial,governmentcenter§ Ottawa,Ontario,isCanada’scapital
o MostpopulatedregionofCanada
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ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada• PrairieProvinces(Manitoba,Saskatchewan,Alberta)o Prairie– rollinggrasslandwithfertilesoilforgrainfields&cattlegrazing
o Oil&naturalgasproduction
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ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada• BritishColumbia
o Rocky&CoastMountainsformacordillera - groupofmountainrangesthatrunsidebyside
o Industries:timber(forpaperproduction),mining,fishing(salmon!)&tourism
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ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada• TheNorthernLands (Nunavut,Northwest&YukonTerritories)o bordertheArcticOceano Aplainborderedbymountainsonthewest&theShieldontheeast§ subarctic&tundraclimate– flat,treeless,&permanentlyfrozenground
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Chapter6,Lesson2HistoryofCanada
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TheFirstNationsofCanada
• AstheicesheetsoverCanadamelted,aboriginal(native)peoplecamefromAsiatosettle.o Somewerenomadicandothersformedpermanentsettlementstohunt,farm,&fish
o InuitoftheFarNorthsurvivedthedifficultconditions,huntedcaribou,seals,&whales
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Exploration&Settlement• AD1000– Vikingsexplored&livedinNewfoundland,butleftshortlyaftertheirarrival
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Exploration&Settlement
• 1530s- ExplorerJacquesCartierexploredtheSt.LawrenceRiverforFrance&helpedestablishNewFrance(present-dayQuebec).
oFrenchbeaverfurtraders,farmers,&priestssettledthere
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1763:BritaintakescontrolofCanada
• 1600-1700s:TheBritishbegantocompeteinthefurtrade
• Britain&FrancefoughtforcontrolofCanadianland
oManyFirstNationswerekilledbydisease&war
oBritaintookcontrolofCanadain1763
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CanadaGrows&Unites• 1867– formedtheDominionofCanada– itsowngovernment,butG.B.madeforeignpolicy&militarydecisions
• 1931:Canadianindependenceo StillpartoftheBritishCommonwealth- QueenElizabethIIistheirsymbolicruler
• Canada’spopulationgrewduetoimmigration
• Canada’seconomyboomed&modernizedafterWorldWarII
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Chapter6,Lesson3LifeinCanada
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Canada’sPopulation:35million
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Canada:AMulticulturalCountry
• MostlyBritish&Frenchancestry• FirstNations(NativeCanadians)– 554,000(41,000Inuit)o 1999:Nunavutterritorywascreated,grantingtheFirstNationsautonomy - self-government
• Immigrants– Europe&Asia
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Canada’sGovernment
• Parliamentarydemocracyo Voterselectrepstoalawmakinggroupcalled“Parliament”
• PrimeMinistero Electedbyrepstorunthegovernment
o PMJustinTrudeauà
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MajorCities• Toronto,Ontario - largestcity&amajoreconomiccenterandport
• Montreal,Quebec- 2nd-largestcity&economiccenterofQuebec
• Thewesterncities&ruralareasofCanadaarelesspopulated.
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EconomicsinCanada
• Moderneconomywithrichfarmland,naturalresources,&skilledworkers
• Freeenterprise• Nationalhealthcare• Publicutilitiesareheavilyregulated• Thegovernmentistryingtodealwithenvironmentalchallenges.o Climatechange,useoffossilfuels,acidrain
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NorthAmericanTradeAgreements(NAFTA&newUSMCA)
• TherearefewtraderestrictionsbetweenCanada,theUS,&MexicooWhycouldthisbegood?
oWhycouldthisbebad?
• TheUSbuys85%ofCanada’sexports!
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DiversePopulationofCanada
• Difficulttocommunicate&travelthroughoutCanadaoMostCanadianslivewithin100milesoftheUSborder.
• Whywouldthismakenationalunitydifficult?
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AChallengetoUnity:FrenchQuebec
• ManylivinginQuebecareofFrenchdescent• 2officiallanguages(bilingualism)
o French&English• Separatism - thedesiretomakeQuebecanindependentcountryo DoyouthinkQuebecshouldbeallowedtosecede(withdraw)fromCanada?
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Canada’sCulture
• Diverseethnicgroups,food• Outdoorsports– hockey,skiing,skating,curling,snowboarding
• Profootball,hockey,&baseball
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US&CanadaConnections
• Weshareculture:o TV&radioprogramso Baseball&hockeyleagues
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Canada– Overlooked?• Canadiansknowwhat’sgoingonintheUS• Doweknowwhat’sgoingoninCanada??
• WewantCanadatobe“somethingmorethanthiscontinent’sattic.”– MordecaiRichler
• “Livingnexttoyouisinsomewayslikesleeping[nextto]anelephant.Nomatterhowfriendlyandeven-temperedisthebeast…oneisaffectedbyeverytwitchandgrunt.”- FormerCanadianprimeministerPierreTrudeau
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Canada’sConnectionswiththeWorld
• TradeswithcountriesinPacific&Atlantic• AMiddlePower- joinswithothercountriestoachievecommongoals&keeppeace
• PartoftheCommonwealthofNationso FormerBritishcoloniesthatworktogether