Chapter6,Lesson1PhysicalGeographyofCanada

Canada

• 10provinces (likestates)&3territories• 5Regions

oMaritimeProvinceso Quebec&Ontarioo PrairieProvinceso BritishColumbiao NorthernTerritories

ThePhysicalLandscapeofCanada

• TheEffectofGlacierso 1000sofyearsago,hugesheetsoficecoveredmostofCanada

ThePhysicalLandscapeofCanada

• Glacierscreated:oManylakeso theCanadianShield(exposedbedrockneartheHudsonBay)

o Tundra – frozentreelessplains

ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada• Maritime(Atlantic)Provinces(NovaScotia,PrinceEdwardIsland,NewBrunswick,Newfoundland&Labrador)o Appalachian&LaurentianHighlands

§ Farmlandinvalleys,forests,rockycoastlines

o Industries:fishing,manufacturing,shipping,mining,tourism

ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada

• Ontario&Quebeco Fertilelowlandsforfarmingo GreatLakes&St.LawrenceSeaway,majorwaterroutetotheAtlantic§ Locks&canalsmovegrain&naturalresourcesfrominland

§ FishingindustryontheGreatLakeso Majorurbanindustrial,financial,governmentcenter§ Ottawa,Ontario,isCanada’scapital

o MostpopulatedregionofCanada

ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada• PrairieProvinces(Manitoba,Saskatchewan,Alberta)o Prairie– rollinggrasslandwithfertilesoilforgrainfields&cattlegrazing

o Oil&naturalgasproduction

ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada• BritishColumbia

o Rocky&CoastMountainsformacordillera - groupofmountainrangesthatrunsidebyside

o Industries:timber(forpaperproduction),mining,fishing(salmon!)&tourism

ThePhysicalRegionsofCanada• TheNorthernLands (Nunavut,Northwest&YukonTerritories)o bordertheArcticOceano Aplainborderedbymountainsonthewest&theShieldontheeast§ subarctic&tundraclimate– flat,treeless,&permanentlyfrozenground

Chapter6,Lesson2HistoryofCanada

TheFirstNationsofCanada

• AstheicesheetsoverCanadamelted,aboriginal(native)peoplecamefromAsiatosettle.o Somewerenomadicandothersformedpermanentsettlementstohunt,farm,&fish

o InuitoftheFarNorthsurvivedthedifficultconditions,huntedcaribou,seals,&whales

Exploration&Settlement• AD1000– Vikingsexplored&livedinNewfoundland,butleftshortlyaftertheirarrival

Exploration&Settlement

• 1530s- ExplorerJacquesCartierexploredtheSt.LawrenceRiverforFrance&helpedestablishNewFrance(present-dayQuebec).

oFrenchbeaverfurtraders,farmers,&priestssettledthere

1763:BritaintakescontrolofCanada

• 1600-1700s:TheBritishbegantocompeteinthefurtrade

• Britain&FrancefoughtforcontrolofCanadianland

oManyFirstNationswerekilledbydisease&war

oBritaintookcontrolofCanadain1763

CanadaGrows&Unites• 1867– formedtheDominionofCanada– itsowngovernment,butG.B.madeforeignpolicy&militarydecisions

• 1931:Canadianindependenceo StillpartoftheBritishCommonwealth- QueenElizabethIIistheirsymbolicruler

• Canada’spopulationgrewduetoimmigration

• Canada’seconomyboomed&modernizedafterWorldWarII

Chapter6,Lesson3LifeinCanada

Canada’sPopulation:35million

Canada:AMulticulturalCountry

• MostlyBritish&Frenchancestry• FirstNations(NativeCanadians)– 554,000(41,000Inuit)o 1999:Nunavutterritorywascreated,grantingtheFirstNationsautonomy - self-government

• Immigrants– Europe&Asia

Canada’sGovernment

• Parliamentarydemocracyo Voterselectrepstoalawmakinggroupcalled“Parliament”

• PrimeMinistero Electedbyrepstorunthegovernment

o PMJustinTrudeauà

MajorCities• Toronto,Ontario - largestcity&amajoreconomiccenterandport

• Montreal,Quebec- 2nd-largestcity&economiccenterofQuebec

• Thewesterncities&ruralareasofCanadaarelesspopulated.

EconomicsinCanada

• Moderneconomywithrichfarmland,naturalresources,&skilledworkers

• Freeenterprise• Nationalhealthcare• Publicutilitiesareheavilyregulated• Thegovernmentistryingtodealwithenvironmentalchallenges.o Climatechange,useoffossilfuels,acidrain

NorthAmericanTradeAgreements(NAFTA&newUSMCA)

• TherearefewtraderestrictionsbetweenCanada,theUS,&MexicooWhycouldthisbegood?

oWhycouldthisbebad?

• TheUSbuys85%ofCanada’sexports!

DiversePopulationofCanada

• Difficulttocommunicate&travelthroughoutCanadaoMostCanadianslivewithin100milesoftheUSborder.

• Whywouldthismakenationalunitydifficult?

AChallengetoUnity:FrenchQuebec

• ManylivinginQuebecareofFrenchdescent• 2officiallanguages(bilingualism)

o French&English• Separatism - thedesiretomakeQuebecanindependentcountryo DoyouthinkQuebecshouldbeallowedtosecede(withdraw)fromCanada?

Canada’sCulture

• Diverseethnicgroups,food• Outdoorsports– hockey,skiing,skating,curling,snowboarding

• Profootball,hockey,&baseball

US&CanadaConnections

• Weshareculture:o TV&radioprogramso Baseball&hockeyleagues

Canada– Overlooked?• Canadiansknowwhat’sgoingonintheUS• Doweknowwhat’sgoingoninCanada??

• WewantCanadatobe“somethingmorethanthiscontinent’sattic.”– MordecaiRichler

• “Livingnexttoyouisinsomewayslikesleeping[nextto]anelephant.Nomatterhowfriendlyandeven-temperedisthebeast…oneisaffectedbyeverytwitchandgrunt.”- FormerCanadianprimeministerPierreTrudeau

Canada’sConnectionswiththeWorld

• TradeswithcountriesinPacific&Atlantic• AMiddlePower- joinswithothercountriestoachievecommongoals&keeppeace

• PartoftheCommonwealthofNationso FormerBritishcoloniesthatworktogether