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Chapter 24, Section 3: Americans in Battle
Main Idea: The United States did not enter the First World War until 1917, but its fresh
troops and supplies helped the Allies to victory.
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A. Hard Times for the Allies
Revolution in Russia- In 11/17, the Bolsheviks (Communists), led by V.I. Lenin, seized power in Russia. Russia withdrew from the war.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- Russia and Germany agree to stop fighting each other.
Germany is now able to concentrate on the Western Front (fighting against France & Britain)
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918:
Delivering the Goods· Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany and dropped out of the war.
· Germany then sent their troops on the Eastern Front to the Western Front.
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Communism – a theory that supports the elimination of private property and the equal distribution of goodsFacts:· Created by the German philosopher Karl Marx.
Karl Marx
· Supports the violent revolution of the working class against the “bourgeois” ruling class.
· Led by a single, authoritarian political party.
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B. Americans in France General John J.
“Blackjack” Pershing led the American forces, which mostly operated independently from the other Allied troops
Harlem Hell Fighters – African American regiment that had to fight with the French because American soldiers wouldn’t
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“SWOOPING FROM THE WEST”
GERMAN EAGLE (to German Dove): "Here, carry on for a bit, will you I'm feeling rather run down."
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"True Sons of Freedom."by, Charles Gustrine (1918)
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New York's famous 369th regiment (Harlem Hell Fighters) arrive home from France
Honoring New York's famous 369th regiment (Harlem Hell Fighters)
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C. Final Battles Cantigny & Chateau-
Theirry - drove Germans back from Paris
Belleau Wood- first major battle involving American troops; 3 weeks long
St. Mihiel Argonne Forest- 47 days;
costly victory- 100,000 casualties
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* The Allied defense of Paris was the turning point of the war.
Battle of Belleau Wood – June, 1918
· This was the first battle involving U.S. troops.
· The Germans were defeated after three weeks of battle.
"American Marines in Belleau Wood” (1918) Georges Scott (1873-1943)
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· The battle was fought in an attempt to push Germany further out of France.
Battle of the Argonne Forest – Sept.-Oct., 1918
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“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
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“Gassed and Wounded”
Eric Kennington
“Gassed and Wounded”
Eric Kennington
“Paths of Glory”C.R.W. Nevinson“Paths of Glory”C.R.W. Nevinson
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The Airplane
The Airplane
The Zeppelin
The Zeppelin
German U-BoatGerman U-Boat French Renault Tank
French Renault Tank
New Weapons of WWI
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French “Renault”- Light Tank British “Whippet”- Light Tank
British Tank - Prototype British Tank Crosses a Trench
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Flame ThrowersFlame Throwers Grenade LaunchersGrenade
Launchers
Machine GunMachine Gun
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Poison Gas
French Poison Gas Dispenser
British Soldier Wearing
Gas Mask
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Austrian 305mm Howitzer Cannon Australian Anti-Aircraft Gun
25 man American team moving heavy gun French “Dummy” Gun
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D. Peace at Last armistice- agreement to stop
fighting WWI ends at 11 am on
11/11/18 ( the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month)
Between 10 & 13 million died in battle (50,000 American); over 20 million wounded; much of Europe ruined; flu epidemic in 1918-19 killed millions more
11 a.m., 11/11, 1918
11 a.m., 11/11, 1918The Armistice is
Signed!
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· At 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, Germany agreed to an armistice, ending World War I.
Peace at Last
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WWI CasualtiesWWI Casualties
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS
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1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies50,000,000 50,000,000
– – 100,000,00100,000,00
0 died0 died
50,000,000 50,000,000 – –
100,000,00100,000,000 died0 died