Chapter 24, Section 3: Americans in Battle

Main Idea: The United States did not enter the First World War until 1917, but its fresh

troops and supplies helped the Allies to victory.

A. Hard Times for the Allies

Revolution in Russia- In 11/17, the Bolsheviks (Communists), led by V.I. Lenin, seized power in Russia. Russia withdrew from the war.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- Russia and Germany agree to stop fighting each other.

Germany is now able to concentrate on the Western Front (fighting against France & Britain)

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918:

Delivering the Goods· Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany and dropped out of the war.

· Germany then sent their troops on the Eastern Front to the Western Front.

Communism – a theory that supports the elimination of private property and the equal distribution of goodsFacts:· Created by the German philosopher Karl Marx.

Karl Marx

· Supports the violent revolution of the working class against the “bourgeois” ruling class.

· Led by a single, authoritarian political party.

B. Americans in France General John J.

“Blackjack” Pershing led the American forces, which mostly operated independently from the other Allied troops

Harlem Hell Fighters – African American regiment that had to fight with the French because American soldiers wouldn’t

“SWOOPING FROM THE WEST”

GERMAN EAGLE (to German Dove): "Here, carry on for a bit, will you I'm feeling rather run down."

"True Sons of Freedom."by, Charles Gustrine (1918)

New York's famous 369th regiment (Harlem Hell Fighters) arrive home from France

Honoring New York's famous 369th regiment (Harlem Hell Fighters)

C. Final Battles Cantigny & Chateau-

Theirry - drove Germans back from Paris

Belleau Wood- first major battle involving American troops; 3 weeks long

St. Mihiel Argonne Forest- 47 days;

costly victory- 100,000 casualties

* The Allied defense of Paris was the turning point of the war.

Battle of Belleau Wood – June, 1918

· This was the first battle involving U.S. troops.

· The Germans were defeated after three weeks of battle.

"American Marines in Belleau Wood” (1918) Georges Scott (1873-1943)

· The battle was fought in an attempt to push Germany further out of France.

Battle of the Argonne Forest – Sept.-Oct., 1918

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Gassed and Wounded”

Eric Kennington

“Gassed and Wounded”

Eric Kennington

“Paths of Glory”C.R.W. Nevinson“Paths of Glory”C.R.W. Nevinson

The Airplane

The Airplane

The Zeppelin

The Zeppelin

German U-BoatGerman U-Boat French Renault Tank

French Renault Tank

New Weapons of WWI

French “Renault”- Light Tank British “Whippet”- Light Tank

British Tank - Prototype British Tank Crosses a Trench

Flame ThrowersFlame Throwers Grenade LaunchersGrenade

Launchers

Machine GunMachine Gun

Poison Gas

French Poison Gas Dispenser

British Soldier Wearing

Gas Mask

Austrian 305mm Howitzer Cannon Australian Anti-Aircraft Gun

25 man American team moving heavy gun French “Dummy” Gun

D. Peace at Last armistice- agreement to stop

fighting WWI ends at 11 am on

11/11/18 ( the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month)

Between 10 & 13 million died in battle (50,000 American); over 20 million wounded; much of Europe ruined; flu epidemic in 1918-19 killed millions more

11 a.m., 11/11, 1918

11 a.m., 11/11, 1918The Armistice is

Signed!

· At 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, Germany agreed to an armistice, ending World War I.

Peace at Last

WWI CasualtiesWWI Casualties

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies50,000,000 50,000,000

– – 100,000,00100,000,00

0 died0 died

50,000,000 50,000,000 – –

100,000,00100,000,000 died0 died