![Page 1: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 13
Health, Stress, and Coping
![Page 2: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2
Relating Psychology and Health:Current Approaches
• Health psychology– a multidimensional approach that emphasizes
psychological factors, lifestyle, and the nature of the health-care delivery system
• Behavioral medicine– attempts to combine medical and behavioral
knowledge to reduce illness and promote health
![Page 3: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3
Relating Psychology and Health:Current Approaches
• Psychoneuroimmunology– explores the connections among psychological
factors (such as attitudes and emotions), the nervous system, and the immune system
![Page 4: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4
Promoting Health: Regular exercise
• Regular exercise– 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity
physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week
– Aerobic exercise• sustained exercise (jogging, swimming, or cycling,
etc.) that stimulates heart and lung activity
![Page 5: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 5
Promoting Health:Proper nutrition
• Obesity• set point
– the weight maintained when no effort is made to gain or lose weight
• basal metabolism rate (BMR)– the minimal amount of energy an individual
uses in a resting state
![Page 6: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6
Promoting Health:Proper nutrition
• Anorexia nervosa– involves the relentless pursuit of thinness
through starvation• Bulimia
– individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern
![Page 7: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 7
Promoting Health: FreedomFrom Smoking
• Methods of abandoning a smoking habit– nicotine substitutes– stimulus control– aversive conditioning– going “cold turkey”
![Page 8: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 8
Promoting Health: Sound SexualDecision-Making
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)– Gonorrhea– Syphilis– Chlamydia– Genital herpes– AIDS
![Page 9: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 9
Understanding Stress
• Stress– the response of individuals to the circumstances
and events, called stressors, that threaten them and tax their coping abilities
![Page 10: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 10
![Page 11: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 11
Understanding Stress
• Biological factors– the nervous system– general adaptation syndrome– eustress
• the positive features of stress
![Page 12: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 12
Understanding Stress
![Page 13: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 13
Understanding Stress
• Cognitive factors– cognitive appraisal
• individuals’ interpretation of events in their lives as harmful, threatening, or challenging
• the determination of whether individual has the resources to effectively cope with the event
![Page 14: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 14
Understanding Stress
• Personality factors– Type A behavior pattern
• a cluster of characteristics thought to be related to the incidence of heart disease
• excessively competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile
– Hardiness• a personality style characterized by commitment,
control, and a perception of problems as challenges
![Page 15: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 15
Understanding Stress
• Environmental factors– overload
• the occurrence of stimuli so intense that the person cannot cope with them
– burnout• a hopeless, helpless feeling brought about by
relentless work-related stress
![Page 16: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 16
Understanding Stress
• Environmental factors– approach/approach conflict– avoidance/avoidance conflict– approach/avoidance conflict– frustration
![Page 17: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 17
Understanding Stress
• Sociocultural factors– acculturation
• acculturative stress– assimilation– integration– separation
![Page 18: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 18
Understanding Stress
• Sociocultural factors– Marginalization– Socioeconomic status– Gender
• feminization of poverty
![Page 19: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 19
Coping Strategies
• Coping– managing taxing circumstances, expending
effort to solve life’s problems, and seeking to master or reduce stress
![Page 20: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 20
Coping Strategies
• Problem-focused coping• Emotion-focused coping• Avoidance strategies• Optimism and positive thinking• Social support• Assertive behavior
![Page 21: Chapter 13 Health, Stress, and Coping. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Relating…](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1c117f8b9ab0599f6ddf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 21
Coping Strategies
• Stress management– stress management programs– mediation– transcendental meditation (TM)– relaxation– biofeedback