Chapter 11.2 (Pg. 313-318): Applying Mendel’s Principles
Genetics Vocabulary- Genotype
- An organism’s genetic makeup
- Phenotype- An organism’s physical traits
- Homozygous- An organism has two of the
same allele for a trait
- Heterozygous- An organism has two different
alleles for a trait
Probability and Genetics- Probability is the likelihood an
event will occur
- Can be predicted in genetics through segregation
- Assumes that each gamete has a ½ chance of carrying an allele
Punnett Squares- Are named for their creator,
Reginald Punnett
- Are a simple matrix to calculate the probability of inheritance outcomes
- Show the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
The Principle of Independent Assortment- Genes for different traits can
segregate independently during formation of gametes
- Traits that segregate independently do not influence each other’s inheritance
- The gene that determines seed shape does not affect gene for seed color
Two-Factor Crosses- Show how the alleles for one
trait are inherited independently of another trait
- Two dominant alleles don’t always stay together
- Trick is to show the correct combinations of alleles in the parents