Download - Chapter 1 Review (Foundations)
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Chapter 1 Review (Foundations)
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An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.
A. ScienceB. ObservationC. ConclusionD. Manipulated variable
Multiple Choice
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The goals of science are to give explanations for natural events, to understand patterns, and to make predictions.
True
True or False
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Scientists must be _____-_______. They must
be willing to listen to new ideas without
evidence.
Fill in the Blank
open minded
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A logical conclusion based on evidence or what is already known.
Multiple Choice
A. Manipulated variableB. InferenceC. TheoryD. Data
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Science almost always proves things in absolute terms.
False
True or False
Science rarely proves things in absolute terms.
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Experiments with multiple trials that include
large sample sizes that are randomly selected
help reduce sources of __________.
Fill in the Blank
error
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The act of noticing and describing what is happening in an orderly way.
Multiple Choice
A. ConclusionB. Controlled variableC. ObservationD. Bias
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Scientists often define “scientific uncertainty” as being 95% sure that cause and effect have been correctly identified.
True
True or False
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Scientists are ________ , which means that they
question existing ideas and hypotheses. They
also do not believe ideas without evidence.
Fill in the Blank
skeptics
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A scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested.
Multiple Choice
A. ConclusionB. Peer ReviewC. SkepticismD. Hypothesis
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Peer review does not make sure that a piece of
work is correct, but it does make sure the work
meets standards set by the scientific community.
True or False
True
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Curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, and
creativity are scientific __________ or attributes
that all good scientists share that lead them to
exploration and discovery.
Fill in the Blank
attitudes
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A statement of how the responding variable will change in response to changes in the manipulated variable.
Multiple Choice
A. PredictionB. ObservationC. ValidityD. Reliability
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Biology is the study of life.
True or False
True
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All organisms store information they need to
live, grow, and reproduce in a genetic code
written in a molecule called ______.
Fill in the Blank
DNA
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An experiment in which only one variable is changed.
Multiple Choice
A. Procedure or processB. ProtocolC. Controlled experimentD. Analytic investigation
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Homeostasis is a signal to
which a living thing reacts.
True or False
False
A stimulus is a signal to which
a living thing reacts.
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The chemical reactions through which a
living thing builds up or breaks down
materials are called_____________.
Fill in the Blank
metabolism
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The result or consequence of an action, influence, or casual event.
Multiple Choice
A. EffectB. SelectionC. InferenceD. Cause
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Evolutionary change links all forms of
life to a common origin more than 3.5
billion years ago.
True or False
True
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All forms of life are connected into a
__________ , which means “living planet.”
Fill in the Blank
biosphere
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The factor of a system being investigated that is changed to determine that factor’s relationship to the responding variable.
Multiple Choice
A. PredictionB. Control groupC. Controlled variableD. Manipulated variable
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The prefix that means 1000 is milli.
True or False
False
The prefix that means 1000 is kilo.
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Most scientists use the ________ system when
gathering data and doing experiments.
Fill in the Blank
metric
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Mistakes of perception, measurement, or process during an investigation; an incorrect result or discrepancy.
Multiple Choice
A. CauseB. ObservationC. InferenceD. Error
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When scientists explain “why” something
happens, their explanation is about only nature.
Science does not include ethical or moral views.
True or False
True
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Sometimes, _______ keeps scientists from
doing certain kinds of experiments, such as
cloning people.
Fill in the Blank
ethics
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Observations, measurements, or data collected through established and recognized scientific processes.
Multiple Choice
A. EvidenceB. HypothesesC. TheoriesD. Consequences
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Controlled experiments typically involve testing
two or more variables at a time.
True or False
False
Controlled experiments involve testing only
one variable at a time.
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In the leaf toughness experiment, the leaf’s
exposure to sunlight was the ____________
variable and how easily the leaf ripped was the
___________ variable .
Fill in the Blank
manipulated
responding
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The factor of a system being investigated that changes in response to the manipulated variable and is measured.
Multiple Choice
A. Quantitative dataB. Responding variableC. Controlled variableD. Qualitative data
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Placing the rip-o-meter’s binder clip in the same
position on each leaf tested is an example of a
controlled variable.
True or False
True
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Comparing the toughness of leaves as a
function of branch position was best graphed
using a ___________________ chart.
Fill in the Blank
Scatter plot
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The conditions that are kept the same from trial to trial in a laboratory investigation.
Multiple Choice
A. Controlled variablesB. Responding variableC. Manipulated variableD. Quantitative data
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In the leaf toughness lab, a strong correlation was
found between branch position and ease of
ripping.
True or False
False
In the leaf toughness lab, no correlation was found
between branch position and ease of ripping.
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In the leaf toughness lab, we can __________ from
the data that our hypothesis, which stated that
older leaves would be tougher to rip than younger
leaves, was not supported by the evidence.
Fill in the Blank
conclude
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An investigation under which the conditions for a phenomenon to occur are arranged beforehand by the investigator.
Multiple Choice
A. VariableB. ExperimentC. TrialD. Effect
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A strong correlation implies causation.
True or False
False
Remember the example about shoe size and math
ability among children showing a strong correlation, but
certainly no causation.
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Draw a scatterplot graph that shows a strong correlation between two variables.
Draw a Graph
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The part of a controlled experiment that is treated the same as the experimental set-up except for one manipulated variable.
Multiple Choice
A. Qualitative dataB. ConclusionC. Control groupD. Observations
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Records of experimental observations.
Multiple Choice
A. InferencesB. BiasC. Experimental groupD. Data
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Draw a scatterplot graph that shows little or no correlation between two variables.
Draw a Graph
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Data that consists of numbers that are found by measuring or counting.
Multiple Choice
A. VariablesB. QualitativeC. QuantitativeD. Sources of Error
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Data that consists of descriptions because they cannot be counted.
Multiple Choice
A. VariablesB. QualitativeC. QuantitativeD. Measurements
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Draw a plot of averages with error bars showing a significant difference between two sets of data.
Draw a Graph
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An agent or condition that could cause a change.
Multiple Choice
A. FactorB. ObservationC. EffectD. Hypothesis
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An attribute of an investigation that describes the degree of confidence that data collected and logical inferences are accurate representations of the phenomena being investigated.
Multiple Choice
A. TheoryB. ControlC. ValidityD. Hypothesis
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Repetitions of data collection procedures in an investigation .
Multiple Choice
A. TrialsB. Quantitative dataC. InferencesD. Experimental group
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The attitude in scientific thinking that emphasizes that no fact or principle can be known with complete certainty; the view that all knowledge is uncertain.
Multiple Choice
A. Open-mindednessB. SkepticismC. BiasD. Conclusions
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Draw a plot of averages with error bars showing no significant difference between two sets of data.
Draw a Graph
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An attribute of any investigation that promotes consistency of results during repeated trials.
Multiple Choice
A. InferencesB. BiasC. VariabilityD. Reliability
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Peer reviewers may have biases and be prejudiced
against studies that contradict their own research
or preferred beliefs.
True or False
True
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A _____ is a certain preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.
Fill in the Blank
bias
Bias in weight loss advertisement
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A rigorous process of evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field.
Multiple Choice
A. Peer reviewB. ConclusionsC. Data analysisD. Theories
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The metric system is harder to use than the old
Imperial (standard) system, because it is based on
multiples of 10.
True or False
False
The metric system is easier to use than the old
Imperial (standard) system, because it is based on
multiples of 10.
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Scientists are __________ and ask questions
about what they observe.
Fill in the Blank
curious
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Any changed or changing factor used to test a hypothesis or prediction in and investigation that could affect the results.
Multiple Choice
A. VariableB. Data setC. InferenceD. Hypothesis
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Scientists need to think ________ to design
experiments that provide good data.
Fill in the Blank
creatively
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A well-tested explanation that accounts for a lot of observations and hypotheses and that lets scientists make good predictions.
Multiple Choice
A. HypothesisB. EvidenceC. TheoryD. Observations
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Because technology uses the discovery process
rather than the scientific method, it is not closely
linked to science at all.
True or False
False
Technology and science are closely linked.
Discoveries in science may lead to new
technologies.
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Over generations, groups of living things
________ , or change over time.
Fill in the Blank
evolve
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A summary of how the results of a scientific investigation support or contradict the original hypothesis. This statement also evaluates the experimental procedure and its effectiveness.
Multiple Choice
A. ConclusionB. TheoryC. ProcedureD. Predictions