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Chapter 1Introduction
1.5 - 1.8
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• Processes• Address spaces• Files• Input/Output• Protection• The shell• Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny• Large memories• Protection hardware• Disks• Virtual memory
Operating System Concepts
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Processes
Figure 1-13. A process tree. Process A created two child processes, B and C. Process B created three child processes, D, E, and F.
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Figure 1-14. A file system for a university department.
Files (1)
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Figure 1-15. (a) Before mounting, the files on the CD-ROM are not accessible. (b) After mounting, they are part of the file hierarchy.
Files (2)
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Figure 1-16. Two processes connected by a pipe.
Files (3)
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Figure 1-17. The 11 steps in making the system call read(fd, buffer, nbytes).
System Calls
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Figure 1-18. Some of the major POSIX system calls.
System Calls for Process Management
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Figure 1-18. Some of the major POSIX system calls.
System Calls for File Management (1)
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Figure 1-18. Some of the major POSIX system calls.
System Calls for File Management (2)
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Figure 1-18. Some of the major POSIX system calls.
Miscellaneous System Calls
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Figure 1-19. A stripped-down shell.
A Simple Shell
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Figure 1-20. Processes have three segments: text, data, and stack.
Memory Layout
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Figure 1-21. (a) Two directories before linking /usr/jim/memo to ast’s directory. (b) The same directories after linking.
Linking
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Figure 1-22. (a) File system before the mount. (b) File system after the mount.
Mounting
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Figure 1-23. The Win32 API calls that roughly correspond to the UNIX calls of Fig. 1-18.
Windows Win32 API
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Monolithic systems – basic structure:
• A main program that invokes the requested service procedure.
• A set of service procedures that carry out the system calls.
• A set of utility procedures that help the service procedures.
Operating Systems Structure
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Figure 1-24. A simple structuring model for a monolithic system.
Monolithic Systems
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Figure 1-25. Structure of the THE operating system.
Layered Systems
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Figure 1-26. Structure of the MINIX 3 system.
Microkernels
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Figure 1-27. The client-server model over a network.
Client-Server Model
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Figure 1-28. The structure of VM/370 with CMS.
Virtual Machines (1)
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Figure 1-29. (a) A type 1 hypervisor. (b) A type 2 hypervisor.
Virtual Machines (2)
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• The C language• Header files• Large programming projects• The model of run time
The World According to C
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Figure 1-30. The process of compiling C and header files to make an executable.
The Model of Run Time
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