Patrick Sorgeloos ASEM Aquaculture Platform
& Ghent University, Belgium
CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE OF AQUACULTURE
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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FISH: source of protein, omega 3 fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, ...
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Source: WWW.AQUAMAX.ORG
HEALTH BENEFITS OF EATING SEAFOOD
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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GLOBAL FISHERIES & AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
Total
Fisheries
Aquaculture
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
80 85 90 95 2000 2005
million metric tons
year34.1% or
42.8 million tonin 2001
48 % or >60 million ton
in 2006 9.7%
in 1980
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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seaweeds 14 mT (10% in value)
molluscs 14 mT (15 % in value)
crustaceans 4 mT (20% in value)
fish 30 mT (55% in value)
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Aquatic plants Crustaceans Fish Other Molluscs
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY SPECIES GROUP & ENVIRONMENT
Marine31.2 Mt
Freshwater27.8 Mt
Brackish3.8Mt
FAO, 2006
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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FAO, 2009
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY REGION
by quantity
by value
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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FAO, 2009
TOP 10 AQUACULTURE PRODUCERS OF FOOD FISH
data exclude aquatic plants. APR refers to the average percentage growth rate for 2004-2006.
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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FOOD aquaculture BUSINESS aquaculture
Asia, esp. China - long history- large production
Recent developments (since 1960s)- Japan, later Europe, America’s, etc- successful new industry
History of Aquaculture
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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FOOD aquaculture BUSINESS aquaculture
Asia, esp. China - long history- large production
Recent developments (since 1960s)- Japan, later Europe, America’s, etc- successful new industry
History of Aquaculture
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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BUSINESS aquaculture
biologytechnologyprofitability
monoculture approach
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Thousand tonnes
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
others
Japan
Australia
USA
Ireland
Faeroe Islands
Canada
Scotland
Chile
Norway
WORLD SALMON PRODUCTION PER COUNTRY
FAO, 2003
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS AND SPECIES
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Photo Schneider
Courtesy Nutreco
AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS AND SPECIES
Photo Azim Courtesy Harache
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Courtesy Harache
AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS AND SPECIES
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Photo EdingPhoto Schneider
Photo SchneiderPhoto Schrama
AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS AND SPECIES
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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PANGASIUS CATFISH FARMING IN VIETNAM
> 1,000,000 TONS/YEAR
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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PANGASIUS CATFISH FARMING IN VIETNAMsurface area production
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Trade flows of aquatic products into Europe
from FAOin US$ millions, c.i.f.; averages for 2004–06
Europe imports about 65 % of its aquatic foodstuffs
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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STAGNANTCAPTURE FISHERIES
INCREASED AQUACULTURE
PRODUCTION
INCREASED MARKETDEMAND
environmental problems?human health risks?
sustainable?
more responsible farming !
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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from empiricial farming
towards
a knowledge-based bio-industry
Priorities for future aquaculture
quality concerns
antibioticspesticides
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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marketstockingongrowing
extensiveintensive
frypostlarvae
seedlarvae
eggssperm
embryos
broodstockspawners
wild wild wild wild
market
hatc
hery
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Predictable & cost-effective availability of high-quality fry, fingerlings, postlarvae, seed, spores, ...
disease free
disease resistantcertified seed
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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• juvenile fitness• releasing strategies• impact on wild stocks
STOCK ENHANCEMENTJapan, China, Russia, USA, Norway, Denmark
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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DISEASE PREVENTION
consumerenvironment
DISEASE TREATMENT
(antibiotics)
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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diagnosticsimmunology
vaccinesquarantine
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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EXTRACTIVE aquaculture
nutrient recycling
FED aquaculture
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Integration of culture of different trophic levels
MACROALGAE MUSSELS
FINFISH
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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The fish meal / fish oil contradiction
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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• Producers (FEAP, Mollusc Assoc,...)• Feed companies (FEFAC)• Pharmaceutical companies• Hardware companies• Scientific Organisations (education, training, research) • International associations (EAS, NACEE, AquaTnet, …)• Consumer organisations• Policy makers
EATiP stakeholder groups:
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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v Freshwaterv Technology suppliersv Genetics
NASCONorth Atlantic Salmon
Conservation Organization
ViFINET
NACA
AsianFisheriesSociety
China AquaFishNet
China Societyof Fisheries
ASian European Meeting
ChinaJapanIndiaPakistanMongolia
“… an informal process of dialogue and cooperation, based on equal partnership and enhancing mutual understanding…”
ASEAN
EU
ASEM Aquaculture Platform
Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center
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17.5 31.2 41.560
80100
172
232
286
340
380
500
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005
Year
Annual yield(
103 ton)
CHINESE MITTEN CRAB, Eriocheir sinensis
annual production yields