challenges for the future of aquaculture patrick sorgeloos.pdf · challenges for the future of...

Patrick Sorgeloos ASEM Aquaculture Platform

& Ghent University, Belgium

CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE OF AQUACULTURE

Challenges for the future aquaculture development – Patrick SorgeloosFaculty of Bioscience Engineering – Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center

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FISH: source of protein, omega 3 fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, ...


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Source: WWW.AQUAMAX.ORG

HEALTH BENEFITS OF EATING SEAFOOD


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GLOBAL FISHERIES & AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION

Total

Fisheries

Aquaculture

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

80 85 90 95 2000 2005

million metric tons

year34.1% or

42.8 million tonin 2001

48 % or >60 million ton

in 2006 9.7%

in 1980


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seaweeds 14 mT (10% in value)

molluscs 14 mT (15 % in value)

crustaceans 4 mT (20% in value)

fish 30 mT (55% in value)


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Aquatic plants Crustaceans Fish Other Molluscs

AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY SPECIES GROUP & ENVIRONMENT

Marine31.2 Mt

Freshwater27.8 Mt

Brackish3.8Mt

FAO, 2006


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FAO, 2009

AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY REGION

by quantity

by value


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FAO, 2009

TOP 10 AQUACULTURE PRODUCERS OF FOOD FISH

data exclude aquatic plants. APR refers to the average percentage growth rate for 2004-2006.


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FOOD aquaculture BUSINESS aquaculture

Asia, esp. China - long history- large production

Recent developments (since 1960s)- Japan, later Europe, America’s, etc- successful new industry

History of Aquaculture


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FOOD aquaculture BUSINESS aquaculture

Asia, esp. China - long history- large production

Recent developments (since 1960s)- Japan, later Europe, America’s, etc- successful new industry

History of Aquaculture


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BUSINESS aquaculture

biologytechnologyprofitability

monoculture approach


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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Thousand tonnes

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

others

Japan

Australia

USA

Ireland

Faeroe Islands

Canada

Scotland

Chile

Norway

WORLD SALMON PRODUCTION PER COUNTRY

FAO, 2003


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AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS AND SPECIES


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Photo Schneider

Courtesy Nutreco


Photo Azim Courtesy Harache


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Courtesy Harache



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Photo EdingPhoto Schneider

Photo SchneiderPhoto Schrama



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PANGASIUS CATFISH FARMING IN VIETNAM

> 1,000,000 TONS/YEAR


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PANGASIUS CATFISH FARMING IN VIETNAMsurface area production


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Trade flows of aquatic products into Europe

from FAOin US$ millions, c.i.f.; averages for 2004–06

Europe imports about 65 % of its aquatic foodstuffs


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STAGNANTCAPTURE FISHERIES

INCREASED AQUACULTURE

PRODUCTION

INCREASED MARKETDEMAND

environmental problems?human health risks?

sustainable?

more responsible farming !


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from empiricial farming

towards

a knowledge-based bio-industry

Priorities for future aquaculture

quality concerns

antibioticspesticides


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marketstockingongrowing

extensiveintensive

frypostlarvae

seedlarvae

eggssperm

embryos

broodstockspawners

wild wild wild wild

market

hatc

hery


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Predictable & cost-effective availability of high-quality fry, fingerlings, postlarvae, seed, spores, ...

disease free

disease resistantcertified seed


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• juvenile fitness• releasing strategies• impact on wild stocks

STOCK ENHANCEMENTJapan, China, Russia, USA, Norway, Denmark


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DISEASE PREVENTION

consumerenvironment

DISEASE TREATMENT

(antibiotics)


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diagnosticsimmunology

vaccinesquarantine


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EXTRACTIVE aquaculture

nutrient recycling

FED aquaculture


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Integration of culture of different trophic levels

MACROALGAE MUSSELS

FINFISH


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The fish meal / fish oil contradiction


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• Producers (FEAP, Mollusc Assoc,...)• Feed companies (FEFAC)• Pharmaceutical companies• Hardware companies• Scientific Organisations (education, training, research) • International associations (EAS, NACEE, AquaTnet, …)• Consumer organisations• Policy makers

EATiP stakeholder groups:


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v Freshwaterv Technology suppliersv Genetics

NASCONorth Atlantic Salmon

Conservation Organization

http://www.apromar.es/�

http://www.aquavision.nu/�

http://www.wageningenuniversiteit.nl/UK/�

http://www.ifremer.fr/�

http://www.ugent.be/�

http://www.ugent.be/�

http://www.grupotresmares.com/index.html�

http://www.grupo-pya.com/optimar/index.htm�

ViFINET

NACA

AsianFisheriesSociety

China AquaFishNet

China Societyof Fisheries

http://www.maqfish.com/�

ASian European Meeting

ChinaJapanIndiaPakistanMongolia

“… an informal process of dialogue and cooperation, based on equal partnership and enhancing mutual understanding…”

ASEAN

EU

ASEM Aquaculture Platform

http://images.google.be/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_ASEAN.svg/800px-Flag_of_ASEAN.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afbeelding:Flag_of_ASEAN.svg&h=534&w=800&sz=31&hl=nl&start=6&tbnid=sg1DxxrUpSdNOM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=143&prev=/images?q=asean&gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=nl&sa=G�


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17.5 31.2 41.560

80100

172

232

286

340

380

500

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005

Year

Annual yield（

103 ton）

CHINESE MITTEN CRAB, Eriocheir sinensis

annual production yields

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