GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATIONCh.3
JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY
Jefferson vs. Adams----rematch from 1796 election Thomas Jefferson- leader of Democratic-
Republicans John Adams- incumbent president
Election of 1800 Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes
but his running mate (Aaron Burr) tied him House of Rep. was called to break the tie Alexander Hamilton convinced his supporters
(Federalists) to cast blank votes Jefferson won majority vote by 2
Flawed system Revealed a flaw in the electoral process Led to 12th Amendment: President & VP are
placed on same ballot and voters vote for that party together
SIMPLIFYING GOVERNMENT Jefferson believed people should control the government and a simple gov. is best suited to peoples needs
Cutting Costs Reduced size of army Halted expansion of Navy Lowered expenses for gov. social functions
Eliminated internal taxes
Washington, D.C. Jefferson was the first president to take office in the new capital
Changed the influence of the South on federal politics
SUPREME COURT
President Adams tried to influence future political decisions by appointing Federalists to the Supreme Court Signed documents outlining these apts. were not delivered before he left office
Jefferson ordered that these apts. were invalid
Marbury vs. Madison- 1803 Federalists chief justice John Marshall declared that the Judiciary Act of 1789 (would have forced Madison to hand over papers) was UNCONSTITUTIONAL
Established principle of Judicial Review: ability of Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional
JEFFERSON’S LEGACY 1800 Napoleon persuaded Spain to return the
Louisiana Territory back to France All lands from Mississippi River to the Rocky Mts.
Americans feared an increase in French presence would force us into an alliance with GB
Louisiana Purchase (1803) Napoleon offered to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. $15 million sale price Doubled the size of U.S.---- 828,000 square miles of land
Lewis & Clark- 1804 Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Led a expedition of the newly purchased land Returned with valuable information about the
West (Indians, resources, etc.) Showed transcontinental travel was possible
MADISON BECOMES PRESIDENT
Background Developed Virginia Plan “Father of the Constitution” Sec. of State for 8 yrs. under Jefferson
Defeated C.C. Pinkney easily to win the 1808 election
WAR OF 1812 Causes
1. Impressment: British seizing of American people/ships and forcing them into the British Navy
2. British officials in Canada were supplying Native Americans with weapons to fight against the colonists
Course of War British occupied mostly with Napoleon in Europe British capture Washington D.C.--- burned the
Capitol building, Whitehouse & government buildings
Battle of New Orleans http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50_iRIcxsz0 U.S. led by Gen. Andrew Jackson (Tenn.) British & U.S. had already signed a peace agreement Jackson didn’t receive the news in time and defeated the
British Treaty of Ghent- officially ended the war
NATIONALISM SHAPES FOREIGN POLICY
James Monroe- elected in 1816 (**5th President**) Sec. of State under Madison Established foreign policy based on
nationalism- national interest should be placed ahead of regional concerns
Monroe’s Agenda1. National Security2. Expansion
Convention of 1818 Established U.S. border @ 49th parallel from
Michigan to Rocky Mts. Agreement with British to jointly occupy the
Oregon Territory Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) - FL transferred
from Spain to the U.S.
MONROE DOCTRINE Causes
Russia started establishing trading posts in CA Threatened our trade with China
Spain & Portugal tried to reclaim colonial areas
Americans wanted to colonize N. Mexico & Cuba
1823 Pres. Monroe warned European powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere 1. Cannot be colonized 2. Governments cannot be overthrown3. Interference would warrant military
action by the U.S. 4. U.S. also would not interfere with
European affairs