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Cell Structure: Organelles
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Cell Structure
• At first glance, a factory is a puzzling place, and the sheer
diversity of activity can be confusing.
• if you take your time and watch carefully, what might at first
seem like chaos begins to make sense.
• The same is true for the living cell.
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Cell Organization
• Organelles: “little organs”• Specialized cell structures
• All have different jobs
•Cytoplasm: the fluid
portion of the cell outside
the nucleus
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Here come the
Organelles!!!!!!
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The Nucleus
• Control center of the cell
• contains cell’s DNA
• DNA - coded instructions for making proteins and
other important molecules
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The Nucleus
• Nuclear envelope – has thousands of pores,
which allow material in and out
• Chromosomes – genetic information passed
from one generation to the next
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Vacuoles
• Vacuoles: large and saclike• structures that store materials
• H2O, NaCl, proteins, and carbs
• Only in plant cells
• Liquid-filled vacuole increases rigidity• support for leaves and flowers
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Vesicles
•Vesicles: smaller storage structures•move materials around the cell
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Lysosomes
• Lysosomes: filled with enzymes that function as
the cell’s cleanup crew• removes “junk” that clutter up the cell
• breaks down fats, carbs, and proteins that can be
used by the rest of the cell
• breaks down old organelles
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The Cytoskeleton
• Cytoskeleton: network of filaments that give
cells shape and organization• help transport materials around the cell
• two protein filaments that make up the
cytoskeleton• microfilaments (Smaller)
• microtubules (Larger)
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STOP Day 1
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Ribosomes
•Ribosomes: small particles of RNA (nucleic
acid) and protein found throughout the
cytoplasm in all cells •make proteins by following instructions from DNA
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: Builds many cell parts• cell membrane, proteins, lipids and carbs
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough ER: has ribosomes on surface• Makes proteins
• Smooth ER: NO ribosomes on surface• Makes lipids and carbs
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Golgi Apparatus
•Golgi apparatus: sorts and packages what the
ER makes•Packages can be stored, or leave the cell
•How proteins and other materials are “shipped” to
their final destination inside/outside the cell
•
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Organelles That Capture and Release Energy
• Chloroplasts (Plants only)
• Mitochondria (Plants and Animals)
All living things require a source of energy
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Chloroplasts
•Chloroplasts – capture the
energy from sunlight and
convert it into food in a
process called photosynthesis
•contain the green pigment
chlorophyll
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Mitochondria •Mitochondria: power plants of the cell that
convert chemical energy
•ALL eukaryotic cells, including plants, contain
mitochondria
•Take food and make it useable as energy in
the body
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Different Types
of Cells
• Different types of cells have different functions
• The structure of a cell is based on its function.• Cells differ in numbers of organelles
• Depending on function
• Cells differ in types of organelles
• Depending on function