Cell Structure: Organelles

Cell Structure

• At first glance, a factory is a puzzling place, and the sheer

diversity of activity can be confusing.

• if you take your time and watch carefully, what might at first

seem like chaos begins to make sense.

• The same is true for the living cell.

Cell Organization

• Organelles: “little organs”• Specialized cell structures

• All have different jobs

•Cytoplasm: the fluid

portion of the cell outside

the nucleus

Here come the

Organelles!!!!!!

The Nucleus

• Control center of the cell

• contains cell’s DNA

• DNA - coded instructions for making proteins and

other important molecules

The Nucleus

• Nuclear envelope – has thousands of pores,

which allow material in and out

• Chromosomes – genetic information passed

from one generation to the next

Vacuoles

• Vacuoles: large and saclike• structures that store materials

• H2O, NaCl, proteins, and carbs

• Only in plant cells

• Liquid-filled vacuole increases rigidity• support for leaves and flowers

Vesicles

•Vesicles: smaller storage structures•move materials around the cell

Lysosomes

• Lysosomes: filled with enzymes that function as

the cell’s cleanup crew• removes “junk” that clutter up the cell

• breaks down fats, carbs, and proteins that can be

used by the rest of the cell

• breaks down old organelles

The Cytoskeleton

• Cytoskeleton: network of filaments that give

cells shape and organization• help transport materials around the cell

• two protein filaments that make up the

cytoskeleton• microfilaments (Smaller)

• microtubules (Larger)

STOP Day 1

Ribosomes

•Ribosomes: small particles of RNA (nucleic

acid) and protein found throughout the

cytoplasm in all cells •make proteins by following instructions from DNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Endoplasmic Reticulum: Builds many cell parts• cell membrane, proteins, lipids and carbs

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Rough ER: has ribosomes on surface• Makes proteins

• Smooth ER: NO ribosomes on surface• Makes lipids and carbs

Golgi Apparatus

•Golgi apparatus: sorts and packages what the

ER makes•Packages can be stored, or leave the cell

•How proteins and other materials are “shipped” to

their final destination inside/outside the cell

•

Organelles That Capture and Release Energy

• Chloroplasts (Plants only)

• Mitochondria (Plants and Animals)

All living things require a source of energy

Chloroplasts

•Chloroplasts – capture the

energy from sunlight and

convert it into food in a

process called photosynthesis

•contain the green pigment

chlorophyll

Mitochondria •Mitochondria: power plants of the cell that

convert chemical energy

•ALL eukaryotic cells, including plants, contain

mitochondria

•Take food and make it useable as energy in

the body

Different Types

of Cells

• Different types of cells have different functions

• The structure of a cell is based on its function.• Cells differ in numbers of organelles

• Depending on function

• Cells differ in types of organelles

• Depending on function