Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 1)
Lisbon,)Portugal)–)InsHtuto)Superior)Técnic)(IST))March)27,)2014)
Campus of the future Opportunities of a crisis
Dr. ir. Alexandra den Heijer
associate professor Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands
hand-out of this presentation: http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl/
downloads
3 Challenge the future
TU Delft – campus year of construction
4 Challenge the future
TU Delft 172 years! History & Mission
• TU Delft was established in 1842 by King William �
• TU Delft is the oldest and largest University of Technology in the Netherlands
With its unique technological infrastructure, broad knowledge base, worldwide reputation and successful alumni, TU Delft is contributing significantly to the development of responsible solutions to urgent societal problems in the Netherlands and the rest of the world
5 Challenge the future
Universities in the Netherlands TU Delft largest university of technology
• 13 NL universities • 3 universities of technology: 3TU • connected to Leiden and Rotterdam • Programmes in science, design and engineering
CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)
2. Trends that shape the campus of the future (REFERENCES)
3. Opportunities of a crisis – case BK city (PRACTICE)
4. Design guidelines (STRATEGY)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 2)
CONTENT&/&Proposi.ons&&))1. Each)university)goal)can)be)frustrated)by)the)physical)campus.)
)
2. The)innovaHve)and)flexible)knowledge)economy)can)bring)new)life)to)obsolete)industrial)heritage)buildings.)
3. It)takes)a)crisis)–)for)example)a)fire)–)to)change)the)academic)workplace.)))
4. )The)campus)of)the)future)is)a)city.!
CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)
PHYSICAL definition of “campus”
city city
campus
campus
city buildings
buildings
buildings
buildings
the)“campus”)is)defined)as)the)(collecHon)of))buildings)and)land,)used)for)university)or)university/related)funcHons))
FUNCTIONAL definition of “campus”
ACADEMIC: EDUCATION &
RESEARCH
RETAIL & LEISURE
RELATED BUSINESS
RESIDENTIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
• ACADEMIC classrooms, library, offices, laboratories, lecture halls, ...
• RESIDENTIAL student housing, hotels, ...
• RELATED BUSINESS start-ups, incubators, industry, ...
• RETAIL & LEISURE sports, restaurants, cafes, ...
• INFRASTRUCTURE
The campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
good!facili*es!can!a.ract!talent!
bad!facili*es!can!chase!them!away…!!
Why study abroad? Reasons (not) to go)
reasons&to&go&
1. academic)reputaHon ) )25%)/)professors,)programme,))teaching)method,)rankings)))))
2. country)/)city)/)culture )24%))))
3. career)development ) )18%)/)employability,)learning)the)language,))personal/intercultural)relaHons)))))
4. university)services ) )17%)5. social)life ) ) ) )11%)
/)quality)of)life,)friends,)love))
reasons¬&to&go&
1. academic)reputaHon ) ) )58%)/)English)language)skills)of)staff,))workload)
2. city)/)culture) ) ) ) )18%)/)lack)of)integraHon)
3. social)life ) ) ) ) )10%)/)lack)of)organised)events)
4. university)services ) ) )10%)
source:)European)study)choice)pla^orm)“Study)Portals”)(2012))
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 3)
proposition (PhD defence)
Each university goal can be frustrated by the physical campus
As instalações do campus podem afectar
os objectivos da universidade.
The campus is a key asset in “the Battle for Brains”
for global competition in attracting talent
for productivity – workplace for student / staff of the future for profitability – finding most effective way to spend budget
for sustainable development – m2 / user
competitive advantage
RANKING MARKET SHARE
productivity
QUALITY & QUANTITY OUTPUT
profitability
FINANCIAL RESOURCES (€)
sustainable development
RESOURCES ( m2 - CO2 )
performance)criteria)university)
proposiHon:)))
each&campus&decision&about&WORKPLACE,&BUILDING,&LOCATION&
posi.vely&or&nega.vely&&affects&these&4&performance&criteria&
goal)of)“managing)the)university)campus”:))find)estate)strategy)that)opHmally)contributes)to)all)performance)criteria)
)
city
campus
History of the campus and the city
city
campus
city buildings
buildings
buildings
buildings
1. - until 1930 - small, elite universities - campus = city
2. - between 1950s and 1990s - explosive growth, safety laboratories - move to the edge of town
city buildings
buildings
campus
buildings
3. - around 2000 - city has surrounded the campus - what’s next?
4. - 21st century - (a) merge campus and city? - (b) campus as new city?
source: Managing the university campus (Den Heijer, 2011)
0 5 10km
Amsterdam
Enschede
Eindhoven
DelftGroningen Nijmegen
Maastricht Leiden
Tilburg RotterdamWageningenUtrecht
source:)Harald)Mooij)
2 IMBE research area | RE&H | TU Delft
“Physical proximity allows social density and therefore, it increases the chances of intellectual
and/or social interaction between people. Indeed, these chances depends not only on the type of
activities allocated in a place and the people they involve, but also depends on the way both people
and activities are accommodated in the built environment”
“Technology campuses are planned, clustered and (quasi-)isolated built environments. In fact, there is no
evidence that supports these characteristics of the built environment enhance research activity. However, their
existence supports there are reasons to believe they do”
“Despite globalisation trends, physical proximity is believed to facilitate the flows of tacit knowledge and it is
actively encouraged in campuses’ strategies”
palo alto, usa eindhoven,nl
ithaca, usa
enschede,nl
cambridge, uk daejeon, kr
singapore, sg tsukuba, jp cambridge/boston, usa
espoo/helsinki, fi hsinchu, tw
beijing, cn
sendai, jp
berlin, de
shenzhen, cn
coimbra, pt
sittard-Geleen, nl
taichung, tw
amsterdam, nllisbon, pt
grenoble, fr
barcelona, es
tainan, tw
aachen, de
bremen, decottbus, dekansai/kyoto, jp
shanghai, cn
leiden, nl perth, au
côte d’azur, fr
novosibirsk, ru
munich,de
the triangle, usa zurich, ch
delft, nl
guildford, uk
Flavia)Curvelo)Magdaniel)–)see)h3p://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl)(tag)“Flavia”))
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 4)
Problems internationally shared The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”)
European)campus)as)an)enabler)for)Europe)2020&
1. UniversiHes)as)economic)growth)engines:)“place)ma3ers”)
2. Europe’s)knowledge)economy)accommodated)in)cultural)heritage)buildings)
3. European)“univer/ciHes”)are)considered)a3racHve)places)to)live,)work,)be...)
European)campus)as)a)disabler)for)Europe)2020&
1. >)50%)from)1960s/70s)2. bad)funcHonal)/)technical)state:)
reinvestments)required)3. low)uHlizaHon)rates:)high)
vacancy)rates)of)offices,)laboratories,)classrooms)
4. campus)10/15%)of)total)costs)5. negaHvely)affects)“financial)
sustainability”)of)universiHes)
ERAC)network,)Brussels)October)22,)2013)Alexandra!den!Heijer!
Radical change working population in OECD countries
(%))
services&
industry&
knowledge&
0)
25)
50)
75)
100)
1800) 1850) 1900) 1950) 2000)
agriculture&
Year)
! Where technology campuses are)located, innovation takes place ! Relation economic growth and presence (top-ranked) university
North)America)
Asia/Pacific)
Europe)
UniversiHes)as)urban)growth)engines)
more)info:)researcher)Flavia)Curvelo)Magdaniel)–)see)h3p://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl))
Technical)condiHon)campus)potenHal)risk)
Netherlands& France&! Physical))
Total)Built)Surfaces)GFA) ) 18.600.000)m2)Owned)by)the)state) ) 82%)Land) ) ) ) 5.950)ha))University)Real)Estate)Condition)Required(intervention(expressed(as(a(%(of(replacement(cost(|20%,(40%,(60%,(80%,(100%()))!
!
33%
32%
21%
10%4%
!
Grade %)of)m2A 33%B 32%C 21%D 10%E 4%
11%
30%
22%
22%
11%4%
excellentgoodreasonablemoderatebadvery bad
37%)*)4,4)mln)=)1,7)mln)m2)needs)reinvestment)in)NL)
35%)*)18,6)mln)=)6,5)mln)m2)needs)reinvestment)in)France)
CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)
2. Trends that shape the campus of the future (REFERENCES)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 5)
BRIEF for the campus of the future
ACADEMIC: EDUCATION &
RESEARCH
RETAIL & LEISURE
RELATED BUSINESS
RESIDENTIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
• ACADEMIC classrooms, library, offices, laboratories, lecture halls, ...
• RESIDENTIAL student housing, hotels, ...
• RELATED BUSINESS incubators, industry, ...
• RETAIL & LEISURE sports, restaurants, cafes, ...
• INFRASTRUCTURE
ACADEMIC: EDUCATION &
RESEARCH
RETAIL & LEISURE
RELATED BUSINESS
RESIDENTIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
Academic: education & research Space types on campus, example NL sanitary
3% storage10%
special storage2%
office33%
support10%
restaurant4%
education16%
specific, incl. laboratories
21%
residential1%
John 1,0 Dion 0,8
Gerard 1,0 (0,8)
Fred 1,0 Loes 0,6
Eva-C. 1,0
Monika 0,3 + Fridjof 0,4 (+)
Barbara 0,8
Erwin 1,0 Steffen 1,0 Guido 1,0
Jeroen B. 0,8
Marie-Therese 0,4 Andre 0,6
Everaert 0,5
Koos 1,0 (0,8)
SECRETARIAAT - Angie
- Anuschka - Laura
- Shanti
Ceciel 0,9
Marja 0,8 Jildou 0,9
“Cellular office symbolic for cellular research”
MSc-lab
MSc-lab - 50%
Leentje 1,0 Ellen 1,0 Louis 1,0 Ezra 1,0
Peter-Paul 1,0 Ruud B. 1,0 Rein dG 0,4 Casper 0,2 Stojanovic
Hans W. 0,8
Ada 0,8
Clarien 0,8 + UD Housing Management
Wout 1,0 (0,8) Ineke 0,6
“on a busy day: less than 20% of the desks
is occupied”
source: various utilization studies
Campus of the future: - changing the academic workplace " space use < 20% of workplaces used
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 6)
Campus of the future: - transparency of processes to inspire and learn from each other
Campus of the future: - transparency of processes: to support image of faculties and university
Campus of the future: - sustainable solutions - CO2 neutral campus (photo: Wageningen)
Campus of the future: - sharing laboratories and other expensive facilities
Campus of the future: - intensive and flexible use of high quality facilities
SHmulate)social)interacHon)&)intellectual)interacHon)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 7)
From literature: what generates innovation?)
1. Interaction – between academic ‘acquaintances’ from different scientific backgrounds – is better than ‘academic friends’ or ‘academic family’ (analogy: genetics)
2. Serendipity as innovation motor – new ideas by accident, unplanned interaction
3. The physical presence of people relevant to universities – ‘meeting of minds’
4. “No clicks without bricks” – no world-class university can be entirely virtual
5. Informal meetings: build trust (biology matters) – (espresso) bars, public space, social media contribute to that
6. Importance of place attachment " 2nd home for international community – ‘feeling at home’ will make knowledge workers stay (1st house, 1st child)
more)info:)researcher)Salome)BenHnck)–)see)h3p://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl))
photos: DUWO
Community)building)
student housing
student / PhD housing – new life for old building (photo DUWO)
2. The innovative and flexible knowledge economy can bring new life
to obsolete (industrial) heritage buildings.
A!economia!de!conhecimento!que!é!inovadora!e!flexível!!pode!trazer!uma!nova!vida!aos!ediCcios!obsoletos!!
de!herança!industrial
Campus of the future: - more quality, less quantity - new life for old buildings (photo: Maastricht)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 8)
Campus of the future: “univer-city”
(photo Groningen) InternaHonal)references:)
/ )Heidelberg)/ )Uppsala)/ )Sorbonne)/)Paris)/ )Glasgow)/ )Gent)
Uppsala,)Sweden)
Paris,)France) Heidelberg,)Germany)
Glasgow,)UK)
Campus of the future: - creating the place to meet (photo: Delft)
Private)")Public)space)
Campussen of clusters
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 9)
luchtfoto campus CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)
2. Trends that shape the campus of the future (REFERENCES)
3. Opportunities of a crisis – case BK city (PRACTICE)
3. It takes a crisis – for instance a fire – to change the academic workplace
!É)necessário)uma)crise)/)por)exemplo)um)fogo)–)para))
alterar)as)instalações)académicas.
FIRE)–)foto’s)
Movie&1&–&“The&unforgeRable&fire”&
Teletekst)–)bezoek)minister)
Emergency&&management&&<&3&days&&aWer&the&fire&
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 10)
56
Dean & staff at Faculty of Applied Sciences
Found a ‘new’ building within 10 days
sustainable = re-use
luchtfoto gebouw
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 11)
ASSIGNMENT: relocate 3300 students and > 800 employees DEADLINE: renovate 32.000 m2< 6 months + new construction 4.000 m2 < next 6 months
Foto’s bezoek Julianalaan
luch^oto)gebouw)
Phase&1&X&EAST:&)16.000)m2)gfa)in)use)September)2008)
Phase&2&X&WEST:&)16.000)m2)gfa)in)use)November)2008)
Phase&3&–&GLASS&HOUSES:&)4.000)m2)gfa)new)in)use)May)2009)
Undergraduates < 4 months after fire Project ready < 1 year
Challenge the future Delft University of Technology
42.000 m2 32.000 m2
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 12)
Design the building as a city – reduce footprint (-15%), more shared / public space
• Glass house 1
CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)
2. Trends that shape the campus of the future (REFERENCES)
3. Opportunities of a crisis – case BK city (PRACTICE)
4. Design guidelines (STRATEGY)
GOALS ORGANISATION 1. Community building 2. More effective support of
education, research & management
3. Creating the place to meet 4. Stimulate social interaction
& intellectual interaction 5. Flexible use of facilities 6. Sustainable
Private " Public space Contextual Concept: Connectivity and variety
Reducing&m2,&but&improving…&&& & &Quality&of&place&(interior&design)&
La Chaise&Screen,Charles&Ray Eames, 1948
Armchair, Ib Kofod-Lar-sen, ± 1950
LCM, Charles&Ray Eames, 1945 LCW, Charles&Ray Eames, 1945 Stool 60, Alvar Aalto,1933
Low Table Set, Frank Gehry,1972
LTR Table, Charles&RayEames, 1950
Revolt chair, Friso Kramer,1953
MedaMorph, Alberto Meda,2006
MedaPro+, Alberto Meda,1998
Chair, W.H. Gispen, 1929-1930
Metal Side Table,Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec,
Daybed, George Nelson, 1948 Nelson Tables, GeorgeNelson, 1960
Chair, unknown,1900-1910
EA108, Charles&Ray Eames,1958
Folding chair Dafne, RinaldiGastone, 1980
EA124, Charles&Ray Eames,1958
Elephant Stool, Sori Yanagi,1954
Armchair, G. Th Rietveld,1927
Elliptical Table ETR, Charles&Ray Eames, 1951 Gueridon, Jean Prouvé, 1949 Fauteuil, N.K. Roerichl,1904
EM Table, Jean Prouvé, 1950
Freeform Sofa, Isamu Noguchi, 1946 Armchair, Han Pieck, 1946-1948 Joyn, Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec, 200244 45
source: BK city guide – see http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/bkcity - photos & furniture by VITRA - http://www.vitra.com
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 13)
Reducing&m2,&but&improving…&&& & &Quality&of&place&(cultural&heritage)&
Reducing&m2,&but&improving…&&& & &Quality&of&life&(campus&&&city)&
the academic workplace place building city
TRADE-OFF one territorial office workplace many non-territorial places
4. The campus of the future is a city
O!campus!do!futuro!é!uma!cidade.
“campus of the future”
ACADEMIC: EDUCATION &
RESEARCH
RETAIL & LEISURE
RELATED BUSINESS
RESIDENTIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
• ACADEMIC classrooms, library, offices, laboratories, lecture halls, ...
• RESIDENTIAL student housing, hotels, ...
• RELATED BUSINESS incubators, industry, ...
• RETAIL & LEISURE sports, restaurants, cafes, ...
• INFRASTRUCTURE
campus strategy “to share or not to be…”
ORGANISATIONAL LEVELS / potential partners for shared use, management and/or ownership global continental national regional local university faculty department section individual
world Europe Netherlands region city campus building zone subzone place PHYSICAL SCALES / resources to accommodate the required campus functions
ACADEMIC FUNCTIONS • EDUCATION & RESEARCH
RESIDENTIAL FUNCTIONS
RETAIL & LEISURE FUNCTIONS
RELATED BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE FUNCTIONS
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Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 14)
STUDIO space Sept 1, 2008 Sept 4, 2008
Sept 18, 2008 Sept 18, 2008
Studio)space)
/ )student)back)at)the)faculty)/ )6)m2)usable)per)workplace))/ ")became)less)auer)decision)process))/ )tables)are)assigned)to)groups)of)students))per)semester)(no)permanent)territory))/ )smart)use)of)space)(by)smart)scheduling))
CREATE)“HOME)AWAY)FROM)HOME”)
Library:)quiet)place)to)study)
foto)Arie)Graafland)
foto)Oranje)tribune)+)Lensveld)prijs?)
Changing)the)academic)office)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 15)
Office)space)
/ )no)individual)territory)/ )12)m2)usable)per)ue))")became)more)auer)design)process)/ )acHvity)related)concept))a. SILENT)ROOMS)b. LIVING)ROOMS)c. MEETING)ROOMS)
/)formal)/)informal)d. TEAM)OFFICES)
students)and)academic)staff)sharing)workspace)"))reducing)the)footprint,)improving)interacHon)
Public)space)
• usable)space)in)corridors)for)informal)meeHngs)and)work)
Public space: design a building like in a city
Restaurants)&)bars)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) 06/06/14)
h3p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 16)
Changing the academic workplace
• from private to more public space
• from office space to a multifunctional working environment
• from individual to shared - “to share or not to be…”
• is expanding from a workplace to the campus and the city • trading quantity (per user) for quality of the working environment
• from one assigned workplace to many meaningful workplaces or to finding the most comfortable workplace in every season
• increasingly paperless (paper determines territory…)
CONTENT&/&Proposi.ons&&))1. Each)university)goal)can)be)frustrated)by)the)physical)campus.)
)
2. The)innovaHve)and)flexible)knowledge)economy)can)bring)new)life)to)obsolete)industrial)heritage)buildings.)
3. It)takes)a)crisis)–)for)example)a)fire)–)to)change)the)academic)workplace.)))
4. )The)campus)of)the)future)is)a)city.!
The campus of the future is a city The city of the future is a campus (univer-city)
1. use heritage for branding – students* become tourists 2. reduce the footprint – densily populated areas contribute to innovation 3. less private, more public use of space – showcase, open, 24/7 access 4. ‘urban meeting rooms’ – to merge urban and university communities 5. regional alignment – planning in a public-private network
* and other knowledge workers)
THEORIES&&&FRAMEWORKS)1. Convince)policy)makers)of)role)campus)in)performance)university.))AFTER&OUR&FIRE:&BK&CITY)2. )Never)waste)a)good)crisis.)&NEW&CONCEPTS&TESTED&3.) )Use)European)heritage)buildings)as)a)compeHHve)advantage.))STRATEGIC&CHOICES&4. )Use)European)historical)inner)ciHes)and)collecHve)qualiHes)as)a)
compeHHve)advantage)–)to)share)or)not)to)be)&
SHARING&KNOWLEDGE&IN&EUROPEAN&NETWORKS&&
Follow me on Twitter: @alexandra_dh
More about the book and research “Managing the university campus”:
http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl
(see DOWNLOADS for hand-out) Movie&2&–&“The&making&of&BK&city”&