Download - C BERNSTEIN. THE MEMORY OF PAPERS
Paper matters!Paper expertise is important because paper is a "memory bearer". Its date and location of production can be estimated by examining physical characteristics of the paper. This leads to information on the technological, economical, social and cultural environment of its origins. Tracing the movement and the usage of a sheet of paper in time and space provides a thread of captured events that are a basis for historical research and exploration of cultural heritage.
Join us!
Tutorials – on-demand, program on websitePaper studies exhibitions – intinerant, ask to participate!12.2007-02.2008 – Stuttgart, Germany03-06.2007 – Vienna, Austria07-08.2007 – Fabriano, Italy09-12.2007 – Rome, Italy02.2009 – Vienna, Austria
What we do...
The objective of the Bernstein project is to create an integrated European digital environment for the expertise and history of paper. This project will interlink all existing European paper reproduction databases and make their content accessible for use to specialised image processing tools for the measurement of paper features. It will provide an interface to digital resources from domains related to paper studies, such as cartography and bibliography, which enrich and contextualise data on papers. To ensure sustainability of growth and interest in paper studies beyond the lifetime of the project there is a strong dissemination plan. This plan includes the provision for ready to deploy paper expertise software packs, tutorials and an exhibition.
Who benefits...
The ambition of the Bernstein project is to generate a conceptual and technical infrastructure to enable access to paper expertise for the broadest range of users possible by accommodating multiple usage scenarios. The main user communities targeted are historians and cultural heritage conservators. In addition to this, other areas such as the art market, forensic science, security research and the paper making industry, are expected to benefit from the paper identification capabilities. The focus of this project may be historical paper but applications to more modern papers are not excluded.
QUANTITATIVE CARTOGRAPHY
The squares show the relative market distribution of three watermark types in Italian paper, 1470-1500, based on the Piccard repertory. Do these variations show cultural preferences? marketing choices? historical randomness? data bias? (Ezio Ornato) Italy
Germany
Austria HISTORICAL METRICS
Finer paper needs finer tools: an increase in laid lines density reveals how Renaissance paper makers adapted to print technology. (from 600 WILC incunabula, Vlad Atanasiu)
14751476
1480
1485
1490
1495
1497
1500year
mm
/ 20 laid lines
handwriting era
printing era
mean
trend
19
21
23
25
27
29
1474
15
17
Laid lines density variationin Dutch incunabula
1. Frontlight: practically no paper structure information. 2. Backlight: ink screens the structure.3. Backlight-Frontlight-Subtraction: fairly good in some cases; cheap; simple software.4. Radiography: best results; expensive; restricted use in libraries.5. Rubbing: cheap; fast; objective; low resolution.6. Handdrawing: cheap; fast; subjective. (Georg Dietz; Alois Haidinger; Gerard van Thienen; Gerhard Piccard)
IMAGING TECHNIQUES
1.2.3.4.
5.6.
BERNSTEIN. THE MEMORY OF PAPERSwww.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at
Co-funded by the Community programme eContentPlus
[ like bernstein, paper captures sparks from far ago ]
Kum
agor
o Des
ign
Vlad Atanasiu / Emanuel WengerCommission for Scientific VisualizationAustrian Academy of SciencesDonau-City Str. 1, A-1220 Vienna, AustriaTel. +43 1 515 81 6705Fax +43 1 205 011 [email protected]://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at
Austrian Academy of SciencesArchives of the State of Baden-WürttembergGraz University of TechnologyNational Center for Scientific Research, University Paris 1German National LibraryDutch University Institute for Art History FlorenceDelft University of TechnologyKoninklijke Bibliotheek, National Library of the NetherlandsUniversity of Liverpool
Reproduction Cataloguing Databases Dating Authentication Measurements Cartography Bibliography Exhibition Tutorial
image based digital paper expertise & history
Ferr
ara,
155
6
Den
Haa
g, 1
405
?, 1
470
Röss
el,
1597
Nap
oli,
1467
Mil
ano,
152
9
Pari
s, 1
510
Luxe
mbu
rg,
1535
Krak
au,
1530
Nap
oli,
1476
Avig
non,
140
6
Xant
en,
1431
Lucc
a, 1
329
Mad
rid,
157
7
Lond
on,
1540
Rom
a, 1
432
Riga
, 14
23
Wer
l, 1
554
Leip
zig,
149
9
Augs
burg
, 14
76
Graz
, 14
71
Mon
tbél
iard
, 15
47
Wie
n, 1
663
Ensi
shei
m,
1596
Ferr
ara,
143
9
Graz
, 15
39
Bopf
inge
n, 1
464
Arnh
em,
1418
Rave
nna,
146
1
Fabr
iano
, 14
49
Mos
kow
, 15
11
Köni
gsbe
rg,
1554
Köln
, 14
82
Stut
tgar
t, 1
450
Chau
mon
t, 1
443
Buda
pest
, 15
40
Utr
echt
, 14
61
Es
slin
gen,
144
1
DATABASE EXPERTISE
Watermarks become visible when holding papers such as a banknote against light. They are imprints left by the wires of a papermaking mould. Because a mould wears off in the process of work in around 2 to 5 years, the dating, authentication and sometimes localisation of documents from identified papers is possible on the basis of watermarks and other imprint features. (Below, the 38 watermark classes in use inpre-modern times, according to Piccard-Online)
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M
J
CM
MJ
CJ
CMJ
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project_folder2006_en.pdf 11/06/2007 16:23:03