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Bus & Rail Flooring Solutions Webinar
3M Industrial Adhesives & Tapes
Tiphaine FlamentHenri GarciaApril 20th, 2020
Keeping Transportation Engineering Moving
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3M Free Webinars- Register NOW and secure your place
Top tips for using Structural Adhesives in Rail IndustryThursday, 23rd of April 10:00–10:45 AMCLICK HERE TO SIGN UP
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3M Tapes & Adhesives – From Experimental Characterisation to Computational Modelling and Simulation (Bus OEM &Suppliers)Wednesday, 29th of April 10:00–11:00 AMCLICK HERE TO SIGN UP
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3M Tapes & Adhesives – From Experimental Characterisation to Computational Modelling and Simulation (Rail OEM &Suppliers) Friday, 22nd of May 10:00–11:00 AMCLICK HERE TO SIGN UP
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IntroductionHenri GARCIA
- 3M Industrial Adhesives and Tapes Division
- European Adhesive Engineer (EAE) certified by the European Welding
Federation
- Chemical Engineer Degree
- 23 years of Experience in Adhesives for Transportation and General industry
Applications
Tiphaine FLAMENT
- 3M Industrial Adhesives and Tapes Division
- Chemical Engineer Degree
- Experience in the R&D and production
- 3 years in 3M Adhesives for Transportation and General industry
Applications
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1. Introduction
1.1 Bus & Rail Market Trends
1.2 Regulatory Landscape
2. Floor Panel
2.1 Floor Panel Design
2.2 Floor Panel Bonding
2.3 Floor Panel Sealing
2.4 Floor Panel Vibro-acoustics
3. Floor Cover Bonding
3.1. Technical requirements
3.2. Production method factors
3.3. Adhesive solution range
Agenda
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Superior bonding solutions for transportation floor assembly.
Whether you’re building a train or installing a floor cover on a bus, 3MTM
Industrial Adhesives and Tapes keep your floors secure and your passengersmoving forward.We help speed up your assembly process, enhance your product durability, improve energy efficiency by reducing weight and enhance passenger confort by reducing noise and vibrations.
Floor Cover Bonding
Floor Seam Sealing
Floor Panel Bonding
Floor Cover Bonding Floor Panel Seam Sealing Floor Panel Bonding
1. Introduction
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Keeping transportation engineering moving.
1.1 Introduction – Bus & Rail Market Trends
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1.1 Introduction – Bus & Rail Market Trends
How 3M Adhesives Technologies can help you to be at the forefront of Design:
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Fire, Smoke, Toxicity standardEN 45545-2
In RAIL, BONDING, WELDING AND MECHANICAL FIXING are considered as SPECIAL PROCESSES by EN ISO 9001:2015 Standard.
Bonding
Welding
Mech. Fixing
1.2 Regulatory Landscape - Rail
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Regulation ECE R118 – burningbehaviour of bus components
Regulation ECE R66 –superstructure strength(rollover) test
Categories and classes (ECE classification):
• M2 - > 8 seats and < 5 tones• M3 - > 8 seats and > 5 tones
If number of passengers exceeds 22:• Class I - with areas for standing passengers• Class II – principally for seated passengers• Class III – exclusively for seated passengers
1.2 Regulatory Landscape - Bus
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2.1. Floor Panel Design
- Common types of floor panels
- New trends in panel design
2.2. Floor Panel Bonding
- Panel Bonding to Frame
- Hybrid Solutions
2.3. Floor Panel Sealing and Fire Protection
2.4. Floor Panel Vibro-acoustics
2. Floor Panel
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Common types of floor panels
Plywood Composite panel
Aluminium Honeycomb Heated Floors
2.1 Floor Panel Design
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Plywood/Plywood with aluminium skin:
- Most common floor panel type used in Bus
- Reduced cost. Available with aluminium skin
that significantly increases cost
- Limited water resistance and durability
- Heavier than composite/honeycomb panels
- Requires more thickness and more supporting
bars to get the same flexion resistance
- Usually filled with flame retardant additives,
which make it less EH&S friendly when cut in
needed dimensions.
2.1 Floor Panel DesignCommon types of floor panels
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2.1 Floor Panel DesignCommon types of floor panels
Composite panels:
- Stronger flexion resistance with reduced thickness
- Excellent lightweight solution
- Requires less supporting bars
- Superior thermal and acoustic insulation
- Superior noise and vibration resistance
- Corrosion and fatigue resistant
- Requires an advanced manufacturing facility
- Limited recyclability
Flexion resistance of different types of floor panels
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2.1 Floor Panel DesignCommon types of floor panels
Aluminium Honeycomb panels:
- Superior flexion resistance with reduced thickness
- Excellent lightweight solution
- Requires less supporting bars
- Recyclable
- Corrosion and fatigue resistant
- Requires an advanced manufacturing facility
- Limited thermal and acoustic insulation
- Limited noise and vibration resistance
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Composite and Honeycomb panels automatic application: Automated large surface coverage of core
or skins with 3M structural adhesives. The supply way of the floor panel is in a finished floor panel kit.
2.1 Floor Panel DesignNew trends in panel design
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Superior performance honeycomb and composite panels: lightweight panels bonded with 3M
SW7240B/A FR epoxy structural adhesive. With a very high modulus (3500 – 4000 MPa) and
superior resistance, 3M SW7240B/A FR adhesive increases significantly the panel resistance to
flexural stress and reduces the need of supporting bars.
2.1 Floor Panel DesignNew trends in panel design
Increase flexion resistance and spandistance by using 3M SW7240 B/A FR structural epoxy adhesive
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Heated floor panels: new designs of panels enhancing energy efficiency
with innovative panel constructions or combinations with floor cover.
Floor coverHeating Film
Aluminium Skin
3M 9775WLTransfer tape
Core
Aluminium Skin
Floor cover
Aluminium Skin
Core
Aluminium Skin
3M SW7240 B/A FRStructural adhesive
3M SW7240 B/A FRStructural adhesive
Heating film outside the floor panel Heating film inside the floor panel
2.1 Floor Panel DesignNew trends in panel design
3M 9775WLTransfer tape
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Metal Inserts in composite or honeycomb panels: new
designs of composite and honeycomb panels require
an innovative way to create inserts for seats and
assembly to train structure. Here are some examples:
2.1 Floor Panel DesignNew trends in panel design
Through bolt with embedded insert
Bonded bespokeinsert
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3M VHB 4991F 2,3mm thick acrylic foam tape bonds floor panel to structure. - Instant adhesion - Strong bond with controlled caliper- Vibration dampening
2.2 Floor Panel BondingPanel Bonding to Frame
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3M VHB 4991F + SMP 760 Hybrid Solution:- Instant adhesion of 3M VHB tape- 3M VHB defines minimum thickness - Gap filling of 3M SMP 760- Excellent fatigue resistance and durability
2.2 Floor Panel BondingHybrid Solutions
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Question:
What is your major challenge in floor panel design?
A - Durability of panel and assembly to vehicle structure
B - Weight reduction
C - Noise and vibration control
D - Maintenance and repair
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Floor panel Floor panel
3M adhesives DP8407NS, SW7240, DP410, SMP760
2.3 Floor Panel Sealing and Fire ProtectionSeam Sealing
Sealing gaps between floor panels with 3M Adhesives
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Overlap sealing with 3M 7070UV tape
3M 7070UV industrial protective film applied between 2 floor panels to provide water tightness
2.3 Floor Panel Sealing and Fire ProtectionSeam Sealing
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2.3 Floor Panel Sealing and Fire ProtectionFire Protection
3M™ Fire Barrier Sealant CP-25WB+Intumescent sealant firestop seal. Helps control the spread of fire, smoke and noxious gassesbefore, during and after exposure to a fire.
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Bus and Rail floors can be stressed by constant vibration, twisting and bouncing. The floor system
should be able to maintain long-term viability, safety and enhance passenger comfort. That's why
3M's advanced bonding technologies are designed to maintain their effectiveness and elasticity
through years of hard use. 3M tapes and adhesive solutions provide performance advantages over
traditional attachment methods.
Typical structure-bornefrequencies: 10 – 30Hz Typical air borne
frequencies:>300Hz
2.4 Floor Panel Vibro-Acoustics
Sources of noise and vibrationsin a bus or a rail car
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2.4 Floor Panel Vibro-Acoustics
The 4 Methods of Noise and Vibration control
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Examples of vibration locations and adhesives applications in a vehicle floor panel:
2.4 Floor Panel Vibro-Acoustics
3M Damping Foil 2552 and 3M VHB for Vibration damping and isolation of selected floor panel areas
3M Damping Foil 2552 and 3M VHB for Vibration damping of seats areas
Acoustic absorberslaminated with 3M 9775WL transfer tape
Silent Blocks hybrid assembly with 3M Structural Adhesive DP8407NS
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• VHB Vibration DampeningFrequency Reduction Function of mechanical vibration
3M VHB tapes provideup to 60% reduction in
Vibration response
Bare panel
3M Dual-Lock SJ3550
3M VHB 4950
Example of vibration damping properties of 3M VHB and 3M Dual-Lock applied on a metal panel
2.4 Floor Panel Vibro-Acoustics
Vibration Damping
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• VHB Sound DampeningMeasurement of sound transmission on metal panels bonded with 1,6mm thick VHB (100% of surface coverage)28,2 dB average sound reduction
Example of air sound dampening of a honeycomb panel system with 3M VHB acrylic foam tape used as an acoustic mass barrier:
2.4 Floor Panel Vibro-Acoustics Acoustic Mass
Barrier
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1. Technical Requirements
Flooring cycles
Common testing
2. Production Method Factors
3. Adhesive Solution Range
Solvent and Waterbased Adhesives
Hybrid Sealants
Structural Adhesives
Transfer tapes
VHB tapes
3. Floor Cover Bonding
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Mantenimiento
Flooring lifecyle
Easier Maintenance
High performance bond
Low traffic areaShort replacement
interval
Floor cover bonding on floor
panel
Maintenance after e.g. 8 years
End of flooring lifee.g. > 8 years
High traffic areaHigh humidityenvrionment
Long terme serviceResistance to
chemical
3.1 Technical Requirements
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Mechanical testing :
1. EN 205 (Adhesives - Wood adhesives for non-structural applications - Determination of
tensile shear strength of lap joints)
2. EN 1373 => EN ISO 22632 (Adhesives — Test methods for adhesives for floor and
wall coverings — Shear test)
3. EN 1372 => EN ISO 22631 (Adhesives — Test methods for adhesives for floor and
wall coverings — Peel test)
Ageing tests :
1. EN ISO 9142 (Adhesives – Guide to the selection of standard laboratory ageing
conditions for testing bonded joints)
2. Internal testing on Resistance to Chemical Damage (e.g. cleaning
agent)
3.1 Most common testing for bonding floor cover
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Question:
What is your prefered method for the assembly of floorcover?
A – Mechanical fasteners
B - Tapes
C – Liquid adhesives
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Requires specialized equipment Faster and easier to apply
3M™ Scotch-Weld™
Structural Adhesives
3M™ Adhesive Sealants
Polyurethane and Hybrids Adhesives
3M™ Contact and Spray 3M™ VHB™ Tapes &
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
3.2 Production Method Factors
How long does it take to install the floor?
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How long does it take to build strength?
Slowest Strength BuildTime to reposition
Immediate StrengthWalk on Floor right away
3M™ Scotch-Weld™
Structural Adhesives
3M™ Adhesive Sealants
Polyurethane and Hybrids Adhesives
3M™ Contact and Spray 3M™ VHB™ Tapes &
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
3.2 Production Method Factors
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Adhesives have the advantages of:
• Initial re-positionning capability
• Gap filling
3.3 Adhesive Solution Range
Liquid Adhesives
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- Versatile
- Dries quickly
- High instant adhesion
- Reduce environmental
impact
- EH&S
- Low odor
• Easily applied with spray equipment
• Time for positionning
• Long bonding range
• Pressure sensitive
3.3 Solvent and Waterbased Adhesives
Waterbased Solvent
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• Flexibility
• Gap filling
• No shrinkage
• 100% solid
• Hand applicable or sprayable
• EH&S
3.3 Hybrid Sealants
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• Gap filling
• High strength
• Self-levelling
• Initial repositionning
• Higher resistance and durability
3.3 Structural Adhesives
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Tapes have the advantages of:
• Instant adhesion
• Design for Maintenance
• No EH&S / Environmental impact
• No dispensing equipment
required, only a pressure roller
passed 1 time.
• No staining, no mess. Less waste
3.3 Adhesive Solution Range
Tapes
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• Pre-laminated to floor coverings before installation
• Fast and clean application
• Easier removal for maintenance operations
• Good thermal conductivity for self-heating floors
• Lightweight solutions
• Good wetting of the surfaces
3.3 Transfer tapes
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Proven, innovative solution that improve esthetics, energy efficiency and impact resistance - 3M™ VHB™ for laminating floor covering
Reduction of read-through defects Resistance to environmental conditions Fatigue resistance
Vibration and Sound DampeningThermal insulation 3D surfacesI.R. Heat source over double skin
Decorative/Double skin
VHB RP32
Alu 1
Core
Alu 2
3.3 VHB Tapes
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• Advantage in reduction of read-through defects
• Better aesthetics compared to Thin tapes, no read-through.
• No shrinkage after curing as it may happen with liquid adhesives
• No need for extra-work for a perfect finishing of floor panel.
Reduction of read-through defects
3.3 VHB Tapes benefits
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• Advantages of resistance to high Transit stress, cleaning agents, wet conditions
3.3 VHB Tapes benefitsResistance to environmental conditions
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• Fatigue resistance: VHB has demonstrated a better resistance to fatigue in systems comprising different boards under a same flooring, compared to liquid adhesives or thin tapes.
• Liquid adhesives and thin tapes show cracks under the flooring when boards are under fatigue stress.
• VHB visco-elasticity allows a stress dissipation and no crack appear.
Tensile strength of G/B23F after fatigue cycles
3.3 VHB Tapes benefitsFatigue resistance
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• Up to 40ºC temperature difference between panel side exposed to I.R. lamps and opposite side using VHB covering 100% of the surface of the panel
• Recovery of initial dimensions ofpanel after cooling: VHB Elasticityperformance
Tested according to ETAG 016 Self-Supporting composite lightweight panels.
I.R. Heat source over double skin
Decorative/Double skin
VHB RP32
Alu 1
Core
Alu 2
Temperature Sensor positions above(S1), inside the panel (S2), below (S3)
-1
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
RT=23ºC 85ºC
Residual deformation back to RT
D1
D2
D3
Deformationsensorposition
Deformation measurements at 85ºC vs Room Temperature / Unit : mm
3.3 VHB Tapes benefitsThermal insulation
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• Easy to cut and easy to die-cut with floor cover to make customized shapes, to fit with car shapes and seats positions.
• Easy to heat and conformable for application on 3D surfaces
• Seals and bonds at the same time.
3.3 VHB Tapes benefits3D surfaces and Die-cuts
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3.3 Solutions overview
MultipleTechnologies
Structural Adhesives:3M SW7240B/A FR
Sealants: 3M Hybrid Sealant 75039
Transfer Tapes: 3M 9775WL
Water based: 3M Fast Tack 100NF
Acrylic foam tapes: 3M VHB GPH
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Thank you!