bus & rail flooring solutions webinar · - heavier than composite/honeycomb panels - requires...

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Bus & Rail Flooring Solutions Webinar

3M Industrial Adhesives & Tapes

Tiphaine FlamentHenri GarciaApril 20th, 2020

Keeping Transportation Engineering Moving

3M confidential © 3M 2017. All rights reserved.2

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IntroductionHenri GARCIA

- 3M Industrial Adhesives and Tapes Division

- European Adhesive Engineer (EAE) certified by the European Welding

Federation

- Chemical Engineer Degree

- 23 years of Experience in Adhesives for Transportation and General industry

Applications

Tiphaine FLAMENT

- 3M Industrial Adhesives and Tapes Division

- Chemical Engineer Degree

- Experience in the R&D and production

- 3 years in 3M Adhesives for Transportation and General industry

Applications


1. Introduction

1.1 Bus & Rail Market Trends

1.2 Regulatory Landscape

2. Floor Panel

2.1 Floor Panel Design

2.2 Floor Panel Bonding

2.3 Floor Panel Sealing

2.4 Floor Panel Vibro-acoustics

3. Floor Cover Bonding

3.1. Technical requirements

3.2. Production method factors

3.3. Adhesive solution range

Agenda


Superior bonding solutions for transportation floor assembly.

Whether you’re building a train or installing a floor cover on a bus, 3MTM

Industrial Adhesives and Tapes keep your floors secure and your passengersmoving forward.We help speed up your assembly process, enhance your product durability, improve energy efficiency by reducing weight and enhance passenger confort by reducing noise and vibrations.

Floor Cover Bonding

Floor Seam Sealing

Floor Panel Bonding

Floor Cover Bonding Floor Panel Seam Sealing Floor Panel Bonding

1. Introduction


Keeping transportation engineering moving.

1.1 Introduction – Bus & Rail Market Trends


1.1 Introduction – Bus & Rail Market Trends

How 3M Adhesives Technologies can help you to be at the forefront of Design:


Fire, Smoke, Toxicity standardEN 45545-2

In RAIL, BONDING, WELDING AND MECHANICAL FIXING are considered as SPECIAL PROCESSES by EN ISO 9001:2015 Standard.

Bonding

Welding

Mech. Fixing

1.2 Regulatory Landscape - Rail


Regulation ECE R118 – burningbehaviour of bus components

Regulation ECE R66 –superstructure strength(rollover) test

Categories and classes (ECE classification):

• M2 - > 8 seats and < 5 tones• M3 - > 8 seats and > 5 tones

If number of passengers exceeds 22:• Class I - with areas for standing passengers• Class II – principally for seated passengers• Class III – exclusively for seated passengers

1.2 Regulatory Landscape - Bus


2.1. Floor Panel Design

- Common types of floor panels

- New trends in panel design

2.2. Floor Panel Bonding

- Panel Bonding to Frame

- Hybrid Solutions

2.3. Floor Panel Sealing and Fire Protection

2.4. Floor Panel Vibro-acoustics

2. Floor Panel


Common types of floor panels

Plywood Composite panel

Aluminium Honeycomb Heated Floors

2.1 Floor Panel Design


Plywood/Plywood with aluminium skin:

- Most common floor panel type used in Bus

- Reduced cost. Available with aluminium skin

that significantly increases cost

- Limited water resistance and durability

- Heavier than composite/honeycomb panels

- Requires more thickness and more supporting

bars to get the same flexion resistance

- Usually filled with flame retardant additives,

which make it less EH&S friendly when cut in

needed dimensions.

2.1 Floor Panel DesignCommon types of floor panels



Composite panels:

- Stronger flexion resistance with reduced thickness

- Excellent lightweight solution

- Requires less supporting bars

- Superior thermal and acoustic insulation

- Superior noise and vibration resistance

- Corrosion and fatigue resistant

- Requires an advanced manufacturing facility

- Limited recyclability

Flexion resistance of different types of floor panels



Aluminium Honeycomb panels:

- Superior flexion resistance with reduced thickness

- Excellent lightweight solution

- Requires less supporting bars

- Recyclable

- Corrosion and fatigue resistant

- Requires an advanced manufacturing facility

- Limited thermal and acoustic insulation

- Limited noise and vibration resistance


Composite and Honeycomb panels automatic application: Automated large surface coverage of core

or skins with 3M structural adhesives. The supply way of the floor panel is in a finished floor panel kit.

2.1 Floor Panel DesignNew trends in panel design


Superior performance honeycomb and composite panels: lightweight panels bonded with 3M

SW7240B/A FR epoxy structural adhesive. With a very high modulus (3500 – 4000 MPa) and

superior resistance, 3M SW7240B/A FR adhesive increases significantly the panel resistance to

flexural stress and reduces the need of supporting bars.


Increase flexion resistance and spandistance by using 3M SW7240 B/A FR structural epoxy adhesive


Heated floor panels: new designs of panels enhancing energy efficiency

with innovative panel constructions or combinations with floor cover.

Floor coverHeating Film

Aluminium Skin

3M 9775WLTransfer tape

Core

Aluminium Skin

Floor cover

Aluminium Skin

Core

Aluminium Skin

3M SW7240 B/A FRStructural adhesive

3M SW7240 B/A FRStructural adhesive

Heating film outside the floor panel Heating film inside the floor panel


3M 9775WLTransfer tape


Metal Inserts in composite or honeycomb panels: new

designs of composite and honeycomb panels require

an innovative way to create inserts for seats and

assembly to train structure. Here are some examples:


Through bolt with embedded insert

Bonded bespokeinsert


3M VHB 4991F 2,3mm thick acrylic foam tape bonds floor panel to structure. - Instant adhesion - Strong bond with controlled caliper- Vibration dampening

2.2 Floor Panel BondingPanel Bonding to Frame


3M VHB 4991F + SMP 760 Hybrid Solution:- Instant adhesion of 3M VHB tape- 3M VHB defines minimum thickness - Gap filling of 3M SMP 760- Excellent fatigue resistance and durability

2.2 Floor Panel BondingHybrid Solutions


Question:

What is your major challenge in floor panel design?

A - Durability of panel and assembly to vehicle structure

B - Weight reduction

C - Noise and vibration control

D - Maintenance and repair


Floor panel Floor panel

3M adhesives DP8407NS, SW7240, DP410, SMP760

2.3 Floor Panel Sealing and Fire ProtectionSeam Sealing

Sealing gaps between floor panels with 3M Adhesives


Overlap sealing with 3M 7070UV tape

3M 7070UV industrial protective film applied between 2 floor panels to provide water tightness

2.3 Floor Panel Sealing and Fire ProtectionSeam Sealing


2.3 Floor Panel Sealing and Fire ProtectionFire Protection

3M™ Fire Barrier Sealant CP-25WB+Intumescent sealant firestop seal. Helps control the spread of fire, smoke and noxious gassesbefore, during and after exposure to a fire.


Bus and Rail floors can be stressed by constant vibration, twisting and bouncing. The floor system

should be able to maintain long-term viability, safety and enhance passenger comfort. That's why

3M's advanced bonding technologies are designed to maintain their effectiveness and elasticity

through years of hard use. 3M tapes and adhesive solutions provide performance advantages over

traditional attachment methods.

Typical structure-bornefrequencies: 10 – 30Hz Typical air borne

frequencies:>300Hz

2.4 Floor Panel Vibro-Acoustics

Sources of noise and vibrationsin a bus or a rail car



The 4 Methods of Noise and Vibration control


Examples of vibration locations and adhesives applications in a vehicle floor panel:


3M Damping Foil 2552 and 3M VHB for Vibration damping and isolation of selected floor panel areas

3M Damping Foil 2552 and 3M VHB for Vibration damping of seats areas

Acoustic absorberslaminated with 3M 9775WL transfer tape

Silent Blocks hybrid assembly with 3M Structural Adhesive DP8407NS


• VHB Vibration DampeningFrequency Reduction Function of mechanical vibration

3M VHB tapes provideup to 60% reduction in

Vibration response

Bare panel

3M Dual-Lock SJ3550

3M VHB 4950

Example of vibration damping properties of 3M VHB and 3M Dual-Lock applied on a metal panel


Vibration Damping


• VHB Sound DampeningMeasurement of sound transmission on metal panels bonded with 1,6mm thick VHB (100% of surface coverage)28,2 dB average sound reduction

Example of air sound dampening of a honeycomb panel system with 3M VHB acrylic foam tape used as an acoustic mass barrier:

2.4 Floor Panel Vibro-Acoustics Acoustic Mass

Barrier


1. Technical Requirements

Flooring cycles

Common testing

2. Production Method Factors

3. Adhesive Solution Range

Solvent and Waterbased Adhesives

Hybrid Sealants

Structural Adhesives

Transfer tapes

VHB tapes

3. Floor Cover Bonding


Mantenimiento

Flooring lifecyle

Easier Maintenance

High performance bond

Low traffic areaShort replacement

interval

Floor cover bonding on floor

panel

Maintenance after e.g. 8 years

End of flooring lifee.g. > 8 years

High traffic areaHigh humidityenvrionment

Long terme serviceResistance to

chemical

3.1 Technical Requirements


Mechanical testing :

1. EN 205 (Adhesives - Wood adhesives for non-structural applications - Determination of

tensile shear strength of lap joints)

2. EN 1373 => EN ISO 22632 (Adhesives — Test methods for adhesives for floor and

wall coverings — Shear test)

3. EN 1372 => EN ISO 22631 (Adhesives — Test methods for adhesives for floor and

wall coverings — Peel test)

Ageing tests :

1. EN ISO 9142 (Adhesives – Guide to the selection of standard laboratory ageing

conditions for testing bonded joints)

2. Internal testing on Resistance to Chemical Damage (e.g. cleaning

agent)

3.1 Most common testing for bonding floor cover


Question:

What is your prefered method for the assembly of floorcover?

A – Mechanical fasteners

B - Tapes

C – Liquid adhesives


Requires specialized equipment Faster and easier to apply

3M™ Scotch-Weld™


3M™ Adhesive Sealants

Polyurethane and Hybrids Adhesives

3M™ Contact and Spray 3M™ VHB™ Tapes &

Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives

3.2 Production Method Factors

How long does it take to install the floor?


How long does it take to build strength?

Slowest Strength BuildTime to reposition

Immediate StrengthWalk on Floor right away

3M™ Scotch-Weld™


3M™ Adhesive Sealants

Polyurethane and Hybrids Adhesives

3M™ Contact and Spray 3M™ VHB™ Tapes &

Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives

3.2 Production Method Factors


Adhesives have the advantages of:

• Initial re-positionning capability

• Gap filling

3.3 Adhesive Solution Range

Liquid Adhesives


- Versatile

- Dries quickly

- High instant adhesion

- Reduce environmental

impact

- EH&S

- Low odor

• Easily applied with spray equipment

• Time for positionning

• Long bonding range

• Pressure sensitive

3.3 Solvent and Waterbased Adhesives

Waterbased Solvent


• Flexibility

• Gap filling

• No shrinkage

• 100% solid

• Hand applicable or sprayable

• EH&S

3.3 Hybrid Sealants


• Gap filling

• High strength

• Self-levelling

• Initial repositionning

• Higher resistance and durability

3.3 Structural Adhesives


Tapes have the advantages of:

• Instant adhesion

• Design for Maintenance

• No EH&S / Environmental impact

• No dispensing equipment

required, only a pressure roller

passed 1 time.

• No staining, no mess. Less waste

3.3 Adhesive Solution Range

Tapes


• Pre-laminated to floor coverings before installation

• Fast and clean application

• Easier removal for maintenance operations

• Good thermal conductivity for self-heating floors

• Lightweight solutions

• Good wetting of the surfaces

3.3 Transfer tapes


Proven, innovative solution that improve esthetics, energy efficiency and impact resistance - 3M™ VHB™ for laminating floor covering

Reduction of read-through defects Resistance to environmental conditions Fatigue resistance

Vibration and Sound DampeningThermal insulation 3D surfacesI.R. Heat source over double skin

Decorative/Double skin

VHB RP32

Alu 1

Core

Alu 2

3.3 VHB Tapes


• Advantage in reduction of read-through defects

• Better aesthetics compared to Thin tapes, no read-through.

• No shrinkage after curing as it may happen with liquid adhesives

• No need for extra-work for a perfect finishing of floor panel.

Reduction of read-through defects

3.3 VHB Tapes benefits


• Advantages of resistance to high Transit stress, cleaning agents, wet conditions

3.3 VHB Tapes benefitsResistance to environmental conditions


• Fatigue resistance: VHB has demonstrated a better resistance to fatigue in systems comprising different boards under a same flooring, compared to liquid adhesives or thin tapes.

• Liquid adhesives and thin tapes show cracks under the flooring when boards are under fatigue stress.

• VHB visco-elasticity allows a stress dissipation and no crack appear.

Tensile strength of G/B23F after fatigue cycles

3.3 VHB Tapes benefitsFatigue resistance


• Up to 40ºC temperature difference between panel side exposed to I.R. lamps and opposite side using VHB covering 100% of the surface of the panel

• Recovery of initial dimensions ofpanel after cooling: VHB Elasticityperformance

Tested according to ETAG 016 Self-Supporting composite lightweight panels.

I.R. Heat source over double skin

Decorative/Double skin

VHB RP32

Alu 1

Core

Alu 2

Temperature Sensor positions above(S1), inside the panel (S2), below (S3)

-1

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0

0,2

RT=23ºC 85ºC

Residual deformation back to RT

D1

D2

D3

Deformationsensorposition

Deformation measurements at 85ºC vs Room Temperature / Unit : mm

3.3 VHB Tapes benefitsThermal insulation


• Easy to cut and easy to die-cut with floor cover to make customized shapes, to fit with car shapes and seats positions.

• Easy to heat and conformable for application on 3D surfaces

• Seals and bonds at the same time.

3.3 VHB Tapes benefits3D surfaces and Die-cuts


3.3 Solutions overview

MultipleTechnologies

Structural Adhesives:3M SW7240B/A FR

Sealants: 3M Hybrid Sealant 75039

Transfer Tapes: 3M 9775WL

Water based: 3M Fast Tack 100NF

Acrylic foam tapes: 3M VHB GPH

bus & rail flooring solutions webinar · - heavier than composite/honeycomb panels - requires...

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