Bones in the human skeleton
Functions of the skeleton• Bone marrow produces blood
cells • Protection – ribs(heart/lungs);
vertebrae of backbone (nerves of spinal cord); pelvis ( some parts of reproductive and digestive systems); cranium/skull (brain/eyes/inner ear)
• Movement – muscles attached to bones by tendons
• Maintain the shape of the body• Supports the body
Joints in the human skeleton
Definition - a joint is where two bones meet.
• A joint can be a FIXED joint (between the skull plates) and the bones do not move
• Ball and socket joint ( hips and shoulder). Many planes of movement – allows great flexibility
• Hinge joint – allows movement in one plane only like a hinge on a door ( found in the elbow, knee, bones of the fingers and toes)
• Peg and socket joint – found between the bones of the vertebrae
• Sliding joints – bones of wrist
A synovial joint
Functions of parts of a synovial joint
* Cartilage – lines bones, stops bones rubbing together
• Synovial fluid – acts as a shock absorber, stops bones rubbing together
• Synovial membrane – produces the synovial fluid
• Ligament – attached to the bones, keeps the bones of the joint in place
RICE system for sporting injury
• R is for RAISE the limb
• I is for ICE to reduce the swelling
• C is for COMPRESS to reduce the swelling
• E is for ELEVATE the limb
All the stages in the RICE system are designed to reduce the swelling to the injury.