Bones in the human skeleton

Functions of the skeleton• Bone marrow produces blood

cells • Protection – ribs(heart/lungs);

vertebrae of backbone (nerves of spinal cord); pelvis ( some parts of reproductive and digestive systems); cranium/skull (brain/eyes/inner ear)

• Movement – muscles attached to bones by tendons

• Maintain the shape of the body• Supports the body

Joints in the human skeleton

Definition - a joint is where two bones meet.

• A joint can be a FIXED joint (between the skull plates) and the bones do not move

• Ball and socket joint ( hips and shoulder). Many planes of movement – allows great flexibility

• Hinge joint – allows movement in one plane only like a hinge on a door ( found in the elbow, knee, bones of the fingers and toes)

• Peg and socket joint – found between the bones of the vertebrae

• Sliding joints – bones of wrist

A synovial joint

Functions of parts of a synovial joint

* Cartilage – lines bones, stops bones rubbing together

• Synovial fluid – acts as a shock absorber, stops bones rubbing together

• Synovial membrane – produces the synovial fluid

• Ligament – attached to the bones, keeps the bones of the joint in place

RICE system for sporting injury

• R is for RAISE the limb

• I is for ICE to reduce the swelling

• C is for COMPRESS to reduce the swelling

• E is for ELEVATE the limb

All the stages in the RICE system are designed to reduce the swelling to the injury.