Download - Biology review for anatomy and physiology
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Biology Review for Anatomy and
Physiology
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Atom• Smallest part of an element• Ca, Mg, Na
Molecule• Two or more atoms bonded together• NaOH, HOH
Organelle• Parts that make up cells• mitochondria
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Cell• Makes up all living matter• Blood cell, nerve cell, muscle cell
Tissue• Makes up organs of the body• Skin, muscle, bone, brain
organ• Structure made up of tissues with specialized
function• Stomach, liver, brain
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Organ system • Group of organs specialized for certain functions• Digestion, respiration
Organism• An individual living thing
Population• A group of organisms• Jasper Florida
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Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen
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Synthesis
decomposition
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Acid1 – 5pH
Neutral6 – 8pH
Base9 –
14pH
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What does organic mean to you?
Organic Inorganic
I). Organic compounds
Contain carbon
covalently bonded
binds with hydrogen
units bind together
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Why is water so important to the human body?
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Why are salts so important?
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CarbohydratesGlucosestarch
LipidsFatty acids
Saturated fats
Amino AcidsAmino Acids
Peptides and proteins
Nucleic AcidsNucleic AcidsDNA & RNA
Types of organic molecules
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Enzymes are protein molecules that are manufactured by all plant and animal cells. All cells require enzymes to survive and function. Enzymes are catalysts, which means that they make chemical reactions go faster, but are not changed by the reaction.
Enzymes are composed primarily of proteins, which are polymers of amino acids.
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What is protein denaturation?
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Adenosine triphosphate
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• Controls cell activities• Contains the hereditary material of the cellNucleus
• Synthesize protienRibosomes
• Support and protection• Controls movement of materials in/out of cell• Barrier between cell and its environment• Maintains homeostasis
Cell membrane
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Cytoplasm (Cytosol)• Supports and protects cell
organellesMitochondria• Breaks down glucose molecules to
release energy• Site of aerobic cellular respiration
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endoplasmic reticulum• Carries material through cell• Aids in making proteins
Golgi apparatus• Have a cis & trans face• Modify proteins made by the cells• Package & export proteins
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• Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules
• Digests old cell partsLysosomes
• Strengthen cell & maintains the shape
• Moves organelles within the cellCytoskeleton
• Where cell microtubules get organized
• Regulate the cell division cycle
Centrosome/Centrioles
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Purpose of membrane proteins
Relay signals between the cell’s internal and external
environments
Move molecules and ions
across the membrane
Allow cells to identify each other. AKA –
immune response
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Moving material in the direction of the
concentration gradient
No energy needed
Can move materials any direction regardless of
concentration gradient
Need energy to function
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Examples: Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis receptor mediated
Energy is required
Example: secretion of certain hormones
There is also transcytosis.
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Prophase MetaphaseAnaphase TelophaseG1 phase: cell growthS phase replicating genetic material
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What is a gene?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MQdXjRPHmQ