Bioconversion of renewable feedstocks and (agri/food) residues into lactic acid
Session 2: Monday, July 20
Panel "Engineering Industrial Biotechnology Projects"
Joachim Venus / PhD
ATB Potsdam, Germany
1927 Experimental farm of the Agricultural UniversityBerlin
1933 Independent research center on agricultural mechanization
1952 Central institute of agricultural engineering of East Germany
1992 Reestablished after the reunification of Germany
Today: Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim
- member of the Leibniz Association
History
Technology
assessment in
agricultural
systems
Technologies and processes for crop
production and livestock management
Research structure
27.07.2015 4
White Biotechnology - Using renewable resources for industry
Biobased products and processes from renewable resources not only help
preserve the environment and climate,
but also make a significant contribution to the structural change from a
petrochemical to a biobased industry, with related opportunities for growth
and employment. Industrial biotechnology, also known as white
biotechnology, is an important driving force in this transition.
March 2014May 20122010/2011_en
(Different) Composition & Behaviour
of (lignocellulosic) Biomass
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M.A. Abdel-Rahman et al.
Journal of Biotechnology 156 (2011) 286– 301
V. Menon, M. Rao
Progress in Energy and Combustion
Science 38 (2012) 522-550
N. Mosier et al. / Bioresource Technology 96 (2005) 673–686
Building blocks that could be produced via fermentation
Numbers next to biochemicals designate the total annual production in thousands of t
SpecialChem - Aug 2014 - http://www.specialchem4bio.com/news/2014/08/20/lactic-acid-market-estimated-to-reach-usd-3577-5-mn-by-2019-
marketsandmarkets
The market for lactic acid is growing as it is largely used in various industrial applications such as in biodegradable polymers,
food & beverages, personal care products, and pharmaceutical industries. The lactic acid market is mainly driven by its end-
use industries.
In 2013, Biodegradable polymers formed the largest application for lactic acid, followed by food and
beverages. The lactic acid market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 18.8% from 2014 to reach $3,577.5
million by 2019.
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Starchy materials (cereals, industrial grade corn/potatoe starch, tapioca)
Green biomass (alfalfa, grass juice, lupine, sweet sorghum, forage rye, silage, coco juice)
Lignocellulosics (wood/straw hydrolysates, 2ndG sugars, bagasse)
Residues & By-products (oilseed cake/meal, thick juice, molasses, whey, coffee residues, waste bread, waffle
residues, algae biomass, fruit residues, meat & bone meal…)
tapioca
bagasse
waste bread
pine
coco juice
2G sugars 2G sugars
1G/2G sugars
green biomass
several residues…
lupine
cereals,
straw
sorghum
Fermentation feedstocks already tested:
silage
algae
biomass
Coffee residues,
cassava
Turon, X., Venus, J., Arshadi, M., Koutinas, M., Lin, C., Koutinas, A.
(2014) Food Waste and Byproduct Valorization through Bio-processing:
Opportunities and Challenges. BioResources [Online] 9: 4, 5774-5777
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Table 1: Overview of chemicals that are currently
produced, or could be produced, from biomass
together with their respective market type, size of
the market, and potential biomass feedstock.
Major players involved are also given.
M.A. Abdel-
Rahman et al.
Journal of
Biotechnology
156 (2011) 286–
301
The conventional processes for producing lactic acid from
(lignocellulosic) biomass include the following 4 main steps:
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(1) Pretreatment—breaking down the structure of the (lignocellulosic) matrix
(2) Enzymatic hydrolysis—depolymerizing lignocellulose to fermentative sugars,
such as glucose (C6) and xylose (C5), by means of hydrolytic enzymes
(3) Fermentation—metabolizing the sugars to lactic acid, generally by LAB
(4) Separation and purification of lactic acid—purification of lactic acid to meet
the standards of commercial applications
Pilot plant facility for lactic acid fermentation at Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim / ATB
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Biorefinery-concept for (1st, 2nd, 3rd…?) biomass feedstocks
- BIOCONVERSION -
Vodnar, D.C.; Venus, J.; Schneider, R.; Socaciu, C.:
Chem. Eng. & Technol. 33(2010) 468-474
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Pro
cess s
tep
s f
or t
he m
an
ufa
ctu
re o
f la
cti
c a
cid
Raw material storage5 m3 (Trevira®UV–silo, HIMEL
Maschinen GmbH & Co. KG)
Hydrolysis1 m³ stirred vessel; 0.5 m³ storage
tank (Apparate und Behältertechnik
Heldrungen Gmbh)
Pre-, Microfiltration
0.8 mm coarse filter (Sommer &
Strassburger GmbH & Co. KG),
Microfiltration (ZrO2-TiO2
CeRAM®INSIDE, TAMI Industries France)
Sterilization of the
nutrient broth
2 x 400 L, 2 x 250 L stirred vessels
(Apparate und
Behältertechnik Heldrungen Gmbh)
Fermentation with
cell retention
Pilot fermentor Type P, 450 L
(Bioengineering AG)
MOLSEP®Hollow fibre PES membrane
(FS10-FC-FUS50E2, MICRODYN-NADIR
GmbH/Daicen Membrane Systems
Ltd.)
Venus, J.: Res. J. Biotech 2009, 4, No. 2, 15-22
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70time [hours]
conce
ntr
ati
on [
g/L]
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Example wheat straw: Sugar uptake &
product formation
Lactate [g·L-1
]
Sugars [g·L-1
]
Fermentation ended after 50-60 hours with a yield
of nearly 100% and 64 g/L (top left)
(Total) Sugars (firstly Glucose followed by
Arabinose/Xylose with residues of Disaccharides)
have been used completely in the same time
(bottom left)
(Max) Lactate productivity (>5 gL-1h-1) is much
higher than comparable published results
[Li/Cui: Microbial Lactic Acid Production from Renewable
Resources, pp. 211-228. In O.V. Singh and S.P. Harvey
(Eds.), Sustainable Biotechnology - Sources of Renewable
Energy. Springer, 2010]
WO 2013164423 A1; WO 2013164425 A1
Pleissner, D.; Venus, J.: Agricultural residues as feedstocks for lactic acid fermentation. - ACS
Books "Green Technologies for the Environment" (2014) in press
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70time [hours]
Dis
acc
h,
Ara
, Xyl
[g/L]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Glu
, T
ota
l su
gars
[g/L]
DisacchAra
XylGluTotal
Example green biomass:
Grass processing with a
screw press into juice
and pellet
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Papendiek, F.; Venus, J.: Cultivation and
fractionation of leguminous biomass for lactic
acid production. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q., 28
(3) 375–382 (2014)
Example sugar beets:
e.g. molasses, thick juice
Koch, T.J.; Venus, J.; Bruhns, M.: Sugar beet syrups in lactic acid
fermentation – Part I. Sugar Industry 139(2014) No. 8, 495–502
Koch, T.J.; Venus, J.: Sugar beet syrups in lactic acid fermentation
– Part II - Saving nutrients by lactic acid fermentation with sugar
beet thick juice and raw juice. Sugar Industry 139(2014) No. 11,
683–690
Exp. No SF1167 SF1166 SF1168
Substrate Code SB-006 SB-002 SB-005
Total turnover 93% 91% 86%
Yield 77% 74% 74%
Max. Productivity
[g L-1 h-1]
4.90 5.50 4.93
Results of repeating fermentation experiments with
different thick juice sample0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Lacta
te [
g/L]
time [hours]
SF 1167SF 1166SF 1168
Example food waste: Bakery industry
González, R.; Venus, J.: BREA4PLA Project (tandem lecture). V Intern. Seminar “Biopolymers &
Sustainable Composites”, AIMPLAS (6&7 March, 2014 in Valencia)
Venus, J.: Utilization of Waste Bread for Lactic Acid Fermentation. ASABE and CSBE | SCGAB
Annual International Meeting, July 13-16, 2014 – Montréal, Volume 1, 2014, Pages 557-562
& Partner
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The Copenhagen Declaration
for a Bioeconomy in Action
…
9. The conference also underlined the
need for new pilot and demonstration
plants and scaling up facilities, in
particularly biorefineries. It was stressed,
that the development of these facilities requires
smart integration of various funding sources,
including the Common Agricultural Policy, the
Common Fisheries Policy, the Cohesion Policy,
the Renewable Energy Policy, Horizon 2020, and
private investments.
…
Copenhagen conference “Bioeconomy in Action”on 26 March - 28 March 2012
Universities, Research Institutes, SMEs
Applied &basic research
IndustryIndustrial application
Large-scale production
„Valle
y o
f death
“
Carus/Carrez/Kaeb/Ravenstijn/Venus: Level Playing Field for Bio-based Chemistry
and Materials. – bioplastics MAGAZINE [03/11] Vol. 6, 52-55
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Pilot plant facility• pilot facility for production of lactic acid at the ATB consequently fills a gap in the
various phases of bioprocess engineering
• provision of product samples is intended to open up
the possibility of interesting partners in industry with
specific product requirements in various applications
BIOSTAT® Bplus (Sartorius BBI Systems GmbH, Germany)
equipped with a digital control unit DCU for the
continuous fermentation with cell recycling
scale up
Pilot fermentor Type P, 450 L (Bioengineering AG)
Venus, J.; Richter, K.: Eng. Life Sci. 2007, 7, No. 4, 395-402
Venus, J.: Feedstocks and (Bio)Technologies for Biorefineries. – In: G.E. Zaikov, F. Pudel, G. Spychalski (Eds.), Renewable
Resources and Biotechnology for Material Applications (pp. 299-309), Nova Science Publishers, 2011 (ISBN: 978-1-61209-521-9)
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Pilot plant for „Fermentation Process Improvement“
Opportunities & Challenges …
starchy materials,
lignocellulosics, residues & by-
products, green biomass
feedstock
sugars, hydrolyzates
press juice…
fermentation, down-stream
pretreatment bioconversion
(raw)lactate, lactic
acid, biomass...
…bioplastics
products
Venus, J.: Biotechnol. J. 1(2006) No. 12, 1428–1432
Thank you very much for your attention!
With the support of:
Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V.
Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, GERMANY
Fon: +49(331)5699-112
email: [email protected]
http://de.linkedin.com/pub/joachim-venus/15/276/3b2/