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Basic Health and Safety
Eating & Food Safety
Disclaimer: Training materials are the property of The Lambs Farm, Inc. Please do not reproduce or distribute without the express written permission of The Lambs Farm, Inc.
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Lambs Farm Mission
To empower people with developmental disabilities to lead personally fulfilling lives.
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Preparing the Environment
Dining area should be… Clean Well lighted Clear of unsightly or odor producing
article Calm with noise to a minimum
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Preparing Participants for Mealtime
Allow time to use the bathroom Individuals should be dry/clean Encourage hand washing Adaptive feeding
equipment/utensil available Communicate to visually or
hearing impaired individuals
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Serving the Participants Wash your hands Follow dietary restrictions: See posted diet
sheet Observe and provide assistance:
cut meat, spread butter, open packages, pour drinks
Be aware of all Food Allergies (diet sheet) and provide an appropriate substitute.
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Encourage Independence Allow the individual as many
choices as possible Try to honor food likes and
dislikes Food substitutions-offer foods
of “like” value
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Positioning is needed to… Maintain good body alignment Provide comfort Inhibit abnormal reflex patterns Decrease respiratory patterns
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Positioning
Relaxed Chair fits Body is upright Eye glasses,
dentures, hearing aids as prescribed
Support feet: feet flat on floor, foot stool, or foot rests
Reposition as needed
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Communicating With the Individual During the Meal
Create a pleasant social experience
Tell the individual what food is on the plate
Describe what is going on during the meal
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When Assisting a Participant with Eating: Wash your hands first Check food temperature Staff should be positioned as outlined in the
Service Plan for the individual Participant Small bite portions Simple instructions: one item or direction at a
time Begin meal with what the individual likes Treating Participants with respect
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Assisting a Participant with Eating continued: Offer sips of fluids frequently Filling cups ½ full if needed Don’t force the spoon into the
mouth Don’t rush Wait before removing spoon
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Assisting a Participant with Eating continued:
Don’t use individual’s teeth or gums to scrap food from off spoon
Use a napkin not the spoon to scrape food of the chin or cheek
Finger foods may still be appropriate – encourage if they are
Document / communicate feeding habits, refusal of food or drink, complaints by
Participant to Manager and/or Dietitian
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Possible Signs of AspirationCoughingDebris left in mouthGurgling soundWatering eyesSpiking temperature at nightDocument/communicate to next
shift, RN, Manager and/or Dietitian
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Why is mealtime important?
Provides… Nutrition Sensory experience Positive social interaction Structure
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Special Mealtime Needs of Participants Special diets Adaptive equipment Service Plans / assistance Training: Meal time goals Monitoring: intake, double portions,
choking, stealing food, pleasurable experience
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Meals Can Provide Sensory Pleasure Through:
Taste Appearance Aroma Texture
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Mealtime is An Opportunity for Social Interaction
Observe peers Share Social skills Refine skills Participate
Softer structure Independence Explore likes
and dislikes
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Meals Provide Structure to the Individual’s Day Meals should not be skipped Ensure meal are served at the
same time everyday Provide unrushed, sufficiently
long meal periods
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Please Encourage:
A slow, leisurely eating pace Family style meal service Eating in smaller groups
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Diets Are Developed to Provide Nutrition Therefore…
Individuals must be offered everything on the menu
Food can never be withheld as a form of punishment
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Major Classes of Nutrients: Protein Fats Carbohydrates Vitamins & Minerals Water
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Guidelines For Providing Fluids Required daily fluid intake are 6 to
8 eight ounces glasses/day Provide fluids at mealtime and
throughout the day Water coolers in all the group
homes on grounds De-emphasize soda intake
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Diets Are Sometimes ModifiedTo:
Minimize chewing Increase ease of swallowing Decrease fecal volume Reduce sodium intake Reduce caloric intake
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Diets Are Sometimes ModifiedTo:
Promote regular elimination Neutralize gastric secretions Restrict fat and cholesterol
intake
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The Use of Nutritional Supplements Require a doctors order Ensure, Carnation Instant Breakfast,
Resource Double PortionsUsed for: underweight, decreased
appetite, inadequate eating habits, low blood protein, and decubiti
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Sanitation Guidelines
Wash hands Clean counters and tables Check temperature in the
freezer/ refrigerator Avoid touching ends of utensils
that come in direct contact with food
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Sanitation Guidelines
Clean can openers Provide regular dishes (no paper
plates/plastic ware) Full silverware complement Provide condiments and napkins Clean spills promptly
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Food Storage
Always rotate the milk. Check for outdated milk
Thaw food in the refrigerator Do not store open packages of food. Date
all foods. Don’t store unopened juice cans in the
refrigerator Food & beverage storage in Participant
bedrooms is discouraged.
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Taking Food Temperatures Wipe thermometer with alcohol Stick thermometer into center
of food Let gauge come to a stop Wipe off between foods
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Taking Food Temperatures cont. Test all hot foods first, then
cold foods Clean and sanitize thermometer
with hot soapy water when finished
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Food Temperatures Need to be Taken for the Following:
Potentially hazardous foods Cooked foods meant to be
served hot Foods served cold that contain
a potentially hazardous ingredient
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Nutrition labels Serving size Calories per serving Fat content Sodium content