Download - BANCO DE ORO VS. CA
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THIRD DIVISION
BANCO DE ORO UNIVERSAL
BANK, Petitioner ,
- versus -
THE HON. COURT OF
APPEALS and SPS. GABRIELG. LOCSIN and MA.
GERALDINE R. LOCSIN,
Respondents.
G.R. No. 1603!
Present:
PANGANIBAN, Chairman,
SANDOVAL- GUTIERREZ,
CORONA,
CARPIO MORALES, and
GARCIA, JJ .
Pro!"#ated:
A!#!st $%, $&&%
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D E C I S I O N
CARPIO MORALES, J."
S!()e*t o+ te resent Petton +or Re/e0 s te Co!rt o+ Aea"s 1!ne %,
$&&2 De*son345 ann!""n# and settn# asde te Orders3$5 o+ te Re#ona" Tra"
Co!rt 6RTC7 o+ Manda"!8on# den8n# resondents so!ses Ga(re" and Ma.
Gera"dne Lo*sns Moton to Dsss te *o"ant o+ ettoner, Ban*o de Oro
Un/ersa" Ban9.
Te +o""o0n# ante*edent +a*ts are not ds!ted:
On Sete(er $, 4;;%, resondents Lo*sns entered nto a Ter Loan
A#reeent 6TLA7 0t ettoner !nder 0* te8 o(taned a "oan o+ P
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0* 0as se*!red (8 a Rea" Estate Mort#a#e o+ ter roert8 *o/ered (8 TCT
No. N#13$%3& 64stTLA7.
On =e(r!ar8 $;, 4;;>, te Lo*sns o(taned a $nd
TLA +ro ettoner n teao!nt o+ P&&,&&&.&&, to se*!re 0* te8 e'e*!ted a Rea" Estate Mort#a#e
o/er ter roert8 *o/ered (8 TCT No. 6%'$6. Ts $nd TLA 0as e/ent!a""8
sett"ed on 1!"8 $, 4;;>, on a**o!nt o+ 0* te ort#a#e 0as *an*e""ed and te
tt"e 0as re"eased on 1!"8 , 4;;>.
On No/e(er >, 4;;>, te artes entered nto a Credt Lne A#reeent
6CLA7 !nder 0* te Lo*sns o(taned a *redt "ne o+ P$.% M""on, to se*!re
0* ter (!sness artners, te so!ses 1!anto and Anta E/dente, e'e*!ted a
Rea" Estate Mort#a#e o+ ter 6te E/dentes7 roertes *o/ered (8 TCT Nos. N-
4>>22> and N-4>>>2
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T0o da8s (e+ore te s*ed!"ed !("* a!*ton or on A()(*+ '!, 1&&$, te
Lo*sns +"ed (e+ore te @!e?on Ct8 Re#ona" Tra" Co!rt 6RTC7 a *o"ant
a#anst ettoner, te RTC C"er9 o+ Co!rt and E'-O+*o Ser++ o+ @!e?on Ct8,and Ser++ VI Marno V. Caero, +or Se*+* Per+oran*e, Tort and
Daa#es 0t Pra8er +or te Iss!an*e o+ a Teorar8 Restrann# Order 6TRO7
and a rt o+ Pre"nar8 In)!n*ton, do*9eted as C/" Case No. @-;-2%22, 4;;>, 0"" (e ns!++*ent to *o/er te (a"an*e o+ te sad CLA.
$4. P"ant++s 0ere s!rrsed to "earn tat dndan+ /an2 a45o(*,
52** and o445**7 )a7 a oan 7a(a+on o on PHP&00,000.00 o5
a8 o 9+8: +-o E7dn+ 45o45+*, or a tota" o+ PP4. M""on. Ts
/a"!aton s (na5 and (n5a*ona/ on*d5n) +8a+ +8 a5 ;a52+ 7a( o
+8* 45o45+* * a5o(nd PHP Mon. =!rterore, no reason 0as #/en (8
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de+endant (an9 +or te s!dden and !n)!st *an#e n te /a"!aton, 0* 0as
or#na""8 e##ed (8 de+endant at PP$.% M""on.
$$. In e++e*t, +8 ;o5+)a)d 45o45+ o75d / TCT No. N#13$%3&,
-88 *(5* +8 1*+ TLA da+d S4+;/5 '$, 1&&, and 0* as a "oan
/a"!aton o+ PP
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2.
' ' '
2. =!rterore, dndan+ /an2 a+d n /ad a+8 and n 0""+!" (rea*
o+ ts *ontra*t!a" o("#atons to "ant++s n (nd5*+a+n) +8 oan 7a(a+on o
+8 +-o E7dn+ 45o45+*, and n + da5n) +8 45o45+ o75d /
TCT No. N#133%3& 9-88 *(5d +8 5*+ TLA: a* add+ona oa+5a o5
+8 *ad CLA. 6Eass and !nders*orn# s!"ed7.
Te "ant++s Lo*sns t!s ra8ed tat:
A. Uon +"n# o+ ts *o"ant, a teorar8 restrann# order 6TRO7 (e
edate"8 ss!ed e'-arte, en)onn# de+endants, ter a#ents andFor reresentat/es +ro en+or*n# te Not*e o+ Ser++s Sa"e dated 1!"8 $, 4;;,
and +ro ro*eedn# 0t te s*ed!"ed !("* a!*ton o+ te roertes n*"!ded
teren, art*!"ar"8 "ant++s rea" roert8 *o/ered (8 TCT No. N-42, 4;;, or on an8 date terea+ter, !nt" +!rter orders +ro te
onora("e Co!rt. B. A+ter arorate ro*eedn#s, a 0rt o+ re"nar8 n)!n*ton (e
ss!ed, !nder te sae tenor as a(o/e, and !on a8ent o+ s!* (ond as a8 (e
+'ed (8 te onora("e Co!rt.
C. A+ter tra" on te erts, )!d#ent (e rendered:
4. On the First Cause of Action , ordering defendant bank to faithfully comply with its obligations under the 1 st T! and the
C!, revert the loan valuation of the two "vidente properties
covered by TCTs #os$ #%1&&''& and 1&&''( to P)P*$+ illion,and allow plaintiffs to take its property covered by TCT #o$ #%
1'-('. out of the mortgage by paying the balance thereon, minus
interests and penalties accruing from /ebruary 1..-
$. On te F5*+ and Sond Ca(** o A+on, ordern#
de+endant (an9 to a8 "ant++s PP%&&,&&&.&& n a*t!a" daa#es
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2. On te T85d Ca(* o A+on, ordern# de+endant (an9 to
a8 "ant++s PP4 M""on n a*t!a" daa#es
. On te Fo(5+8 Ca(* o A+on, ordern# de+endant (an9
to a8 "ant++s PP%&&,&&&.&& n ora" daa#es
%. On te F+8 Ca(* o A+on, ordern# de+endant (an9 to
a8 "ant++s PP2&&,&&&.&& n e'e"ar8 daa#es
>. On te S>+8 Ca(* o A+on, ordern# de+endant (an9 to
3a85 "ant++s PP$&&,3&&&5.&& +or attorne8s +ees and "t#aton
e'enses
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o+ de+a!"t7 a"" o+ 0* are ere(8 e'ress"8 0a/ed (8 te Ma9er
and a"" o+ te Co-Ma9ers, + an8:
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27 =a"!re (8 te Ma9er or an8 Co-Ma9er to er+or or te/o"aton o+ an8 ro/son o+ ts Prossor8 Note or an8 re"ated
a#reeent
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>7 Te Ma9er or an8 Co-Ma9er +a"s to a8 an8 one8 d!e
!nder an8 oter a#reeent, stand(8 "etter o+ *redt or do*!ente/den*n#, se*!rn#, #!aranteen# or oter0se re"atn# to
nde(tedness o+ te Ma9er or an8 Co-Ma9er to an8 oter *redtor,
or tere o**!rs, an8 e/ent o+ de+a!"t or an8 e/ent 0*, (!t +or te
assa#e o+ te or te #/n# o+ not*e, or (ot, 0o!"d *onstt!te!nder an8 s!* a#reeent, stand (8 "etter o+ *redt or do*!ent
6and 0* as not (een reeded 0tn an8 a"*a("e #ra*e erod7:
' ' '
.2 Te "etter o+ aro/a" o+ te P$.% ""on "oan o+ 3te Lo*sns5 as a *ross-
de+a!"t ro/son, 0* reads:
2.> A de+a!"t on an8 a/a"ent !nder ts *redt "ne +a*"t8sa"" a!toat*a""8 ean a de+a!"t on 3te Lo*sns5 e'stn# ter"oan !nder Prossor8 Note No. $;-&4-;&&-;% 3*o/ern# te +rst
TLA5 and /*e /ersa 6Eass and !nders*orn# s!"ed7,3>5
on 0* "etter te Lo*sns a++'ed ter *on+ort8 tat n "#t o+ te Lo*sns
de+a!"t n te sett"eent o+ ter ont"8 o("#atons !nder te CLA, t sent te a
1an!ar8
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note !nder te 4st TLA and tat !nder te CLA (e treated searate"8 and tat one
o+ ter tt"es (e re"eased !on a8ent o+ P4. ""on tat (8 "etter o+ Mar* %,
4;;, t ad/sed te Lo*sns tat ter re!est n ter =e(r!ar8 $>, 4;;
"etter re#ardn# te re"ease o+ one o+ te 3t0o E/dente tt"es5 0asaro/ed, s!()e*t to te arta" a8ent on Prn*a" "!s a"" nterests and *ar#es
ao!ntn# to P 4,;2,>%.-;> 3*o/ern# te CLA5 as te erson /er8 !* nterested n !r*asn#t as as9ed !s +or te sae. At te sae te0e are a"so #on# to ta9e o!t te
roert8 !nder PN No. $;-&4-;&&-;% 3*o/ern# te +rst TLA5, so tat on"8 one
roert8 !nder te +re 6 sic7 a**o!nt entoned sa"" (e "e+t ort#a#ed to 8o!r (an9.
Tan9 8o! +or 8o!r 9nd *onsderaton.3
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On Mar* $>, 4;;;, te Lo*sns +"ed an On(!s Moton3;5 6To Aend te
Des#naton o+ te P"ant++s and to Adt S!"eenta" Co"ant7, 0*
aears to a/e (een #ranted (8 te @!e?on Ct8 RTC. In ter S!"eenta"
Co"ant,34&5
te8 re"eaded in toto te a""e#atons n ter A!#!st $, 4;;Co"ant and addtona""8 a""e#ed tat ettoner ro*eeded 0t te !("*
a!*ton o+ te roertes *o/ered (8 te ort#a#e n te 4 st TLA and te ort#a#e
n te CLA on Sete(er $2, 4;;, *ontrar8 to "a0.
Te Lo*sns t!s ra8ed n ter S!"eenta" Co"ant as +o""o0s:
4. Ordern# te ana+on o +8 4(/ a(+on o+ TCT Nos. N#13$%3&, N#
166336 and N#16633% on Sete(er $2, 4;;
$. De*"arn# sad a(+on o no )a o5 and + and
2. Grantn# te +o""o0n# re"e+s ra8ed +or (8 "ant++s n ter 3or#na"5
Co"ant, to 0t:
' ' '3445 6Eass and !nders*orn# s!"ed7.
B8 Ans0er 34$5 6To S!"eenta" Co"ant7 dated 1!ne 4, 4;;;, ettoner adtted
tat te !("* a!*ton 60* 0as or#na""8 s*ed!"ed on A!#!st $>, 4;;7 dd
ta9e "a*e on Sete(er $2, 4;;. It dened, o0e/er, tat t 0as *ontrar8 to "a0.
More tan e#t onts a+ter te Lo*sns +"ed ter S!"eenta" Co"ant
re+"e*tn# ter ra8er +or te n!""+*aton o+ teSete(er $2, 4;; !("* a!*ton
sa"e or on No/e(er $;, 4;;;, ettoner +"ed a *o"ant a#anst te Lo*sns
(e+ore te RTC o+ Manda"!8on# 0ere t 0as do*9eted as C/" Case No. MC-;;-
;2%,
3425
+or Co""e*ton o+ S! o+ Mone8, a""e#n# as +o""o0s:
' ' '
%. De+endants +a"ed to sats+8 ter o("#atons !nder te . . . Prossor8 Notes3*o/ern# te +rst TLA te CLA5 and P"ant++ deeed te n de+a!"t
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44. Te 3aended5 e'tra)!d*a" sa"e 0as *ond!*ted on $2 Sete(er 4;; andP"ant++ 0as a#an de*"ared te #est (dder . . .
4$. Te tota" o!tstandn# o("#aton o+ De+endants at te te o+ te +ore*"os!re0as PESOS: =IVE MILLION TENT TREE TOUSAND =OUR
UNDRED NINET SIJ >F4&& 6P%,&$2.;>.>7. o0e/er, te
arased /a"!e o+ te roertes 0as on"8 P2,.& and "ant++ t!ss!(tted a (d o+ PESOS: TREE MILLION EIGT UNDRED
SEVENT NINE TOUSAND =OUR UNDRED SIJ &F4&&
6P2,.&7
42. A+ter a"" e'enses +or te +ore*"os!re and re#straton o+ te Cert+*ate o+ Sa"e
a/e (een ded!*ted +ro te a+oreentoned (d, tere st"" reans an
o!tstandn# (a"an*e n te ao!nt o+ PESOS" ONE MILLION ONE
HUNDRED FORT? FOUR THOUSAND EIGHT? NINE @ $!1001,1!!,0$&.$!, EJCLUSIVE O= INTEREST AT TE RATE O= TENT
=IVE AND A AL= PERCENT 6$%.%K7 er ann!, 0* P"ant++ sentt"ed to re*o/er +ro De+endants
4. On &; =e(r!ar8 4;;;, *o!nse" +or "ant++ sent a "etter to de+endants dated &%=e(r!ar8 4;;;, deandn# +ro te "atter te a8ent o+ sad de+*en*8
(!t De+endants re+!sed and +a"ed and *ontn!e to re+!se and +a" to a8 sad
o("#aton . . .
4%. D!e to De+endants !nreasona("e re+!sa" and +a"!re to *o"8 0t P"ant++s
)!st deands, P"ant++ 0as *oe""ed to nstt!te te resent a*ton and to
en#a#e te ser/*es o+ *o!nse" to 0o t (o!nd tse"+ to a8 te s! o+ P42&,&&&.&&, "!s aearan*e +ee o+ P$,&&&.&& and oter "e#a" *osts and
e'enses.345 6Eass n te or#na" !nders*orn# s!"ed7.
Pettoner a**ordn#"8 ra8ed n ts *o"ant tat te Lo*sns (e ordered to a8 t
)ont"8 and se/era""8
4. te o!tstandn# o("#aton n te s! o+
PESOS" ONE MILLION ONEHUNDRED FORT? FOUR THOUSAND EIGHT? NINE @ $!100
1,1!!,0$&.$!, "!s nterest tereon at te rate o+ t0ent8 +/e and a a"+
er*ent 6$%.%K7 er ann! +ro $2 Sete(er 4;;, te date o+ te
+ore*"os!re sa"e, !nt" te o("#aton as (een +!""8 ad
$. attorne8s +ees n te s! o+ P42&,&&&.&&, "!s aearan*e +ee o+ P$,&&&.&&
and
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2. *osts o+ s!t and e'enses o+ "t#aton.
Oter )!st and e!ta("e re"e+s !nder te reses are "9e0se ra8ed +or.
34%5 6Eass n te or#na"7.
To ettoners *o"ant 6+or s! o+ one87, te Lo*sns +"ed a Moton to
Dsss34>5 on te #ro!nd tat t so!"d a/e (een rased as *o!"sor8
*o!nter*"a n ter 6te Lo*sns7 *o"ant 6+or se*+* er+oran*e, daa#es
and n!""+*aton o+ te !("* a!*ton7, and (8 +a"n# to rase t as s!*, t s no0
(arred (8 te r!"es. To te Moton, ettoner +"ed ts Ooston 0* erted te
Lo*sns +"n# o+ a Re"8 to Ooston.34
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*o!"sor8 *o!nter*"a 0* so!"d a/e (een rased n ts Ans0er to te
Lo*sns *o"ant, and a/n# +a"ed to do so, t s no0 (arred tat litis
pendentia and res 0udicata a"8 to te *ase and tat ettoner /o"ated te r!"e on
+or! son#, en*e, te dsssa" o+ ts *o"ant s 0arranted. E'"aned teae""ate *o!rt:
3Te Lo*sns5 *o"ant n C/" Case No. @-;-2%22,
4;;>. C"ear"8, tere s a "o#*a" *onne*ton (et0een (ot *"as 0* arose +rote sae transa*ton and are ne*essar"8 *onne*ted and t does not re!re te
resen*e o+ trd artes +or ts ad)!d*aton. A *o!nter*"a s "o#*a""8 re"ated to
te oosn# art8s *"a 0ere searate tra"s o+ ea* o+ ter rese*t/e *"as0o!"d n/o"/e s!(stanta" d!"*aton o+ e++ort and te (8 te artes and te
*o!rts.
Moreo/er, Se*. $, R!"e ; o+ te R!"es o+ Co!rt ro/des:
Se*. $. Compulsory counterclaim, or cross%claim, not set upbarred . - A *o!"sor8 *o!nter*"a. or a *ross *"a, not set ! sa"" (e
(arred.
Pr/ate resondent so!"d a/e rased ts *o"ant as *o!"sor8*o!nter*"a n te Re#ona" Tra" Co!rt o+ @!e?on Ct8. =a"n# to do so, t s
no0 (arred. Te reason +or te r!"e re"atn# to *o!nter*"as s to a/od
!"t"*t8 o+ s!ts and to ena("e te Co!rts to dsose o+ te 0o"e atter n*ontro/ers8 n one a*ton, and ad)!stent o+ de+endants deand (8 *o!nter*"a
rater tan (8 ndeendent s!t. 6 Reyes vs$ Court of !ppeals, '- CR! 1'-7.
3Te Lo*sns5 se*ond ar#!ent s tat r/ate resondents *o"ant nC/" Case No. MC-;;-;2% *onstt!tes litis pendentia, and tere+ore so!"d a/e
(een dsssed (8 te tra" *o!rt. =or litis pendentia to (e a #ro!nd +or dsssa"
o+ an a*ton, tree e"eents !st *on*!r: 6a7 dentt8 o+ artes, or at "east s!* artes 0o reresent te sae nterest n (ot a*tons 6(7 dentt8 o+ r#ts
asserted and re"e+ ra8ed +or (en# +o!nded on te sae +a*ts and 6*7 te
dentt8, 0t rese*t to te t0o re*edn# art*!"ars n te t0o *ases, s s!* tat
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an8 )!d#ent tat a8 (e rendered n te endn# *ase, re#ard"ess o+ 0* art8
s s!**ess+!", 0o!"d ao!nt to res 0udicata n te oter.
A"8n# ts test, te rn*"e o+ litis pendentia and res 0udicata 0""
*ertan"8 a"8 to te nstant *ase, a"" tree re!stes are resent. Te artes are
te sae and 0at s n/o"/ed n (ot C/" Case No. @-;-2%22< endn# (e+orete @!e?on Ct8 Tra" Co!rt and C/" Case No. MC-;;-;2% (e+ore te
Manda"!8on# Ct8 Tra" Co!rt are te sae s!()e*t atter and set o+
*r*!stan*es, 0* 0o!"d enta" resentaton o+ te sae e/den*e. 1!d#ent n+a/or o+ one o+ te artes n C/" Case No. @-;2%22< 0o!"d (ar te nstt!ton
o+ te *ase +"ed (e+ore te Manda"!8on# Ct8 Tra" Co!rt.
=na""8, 3te Lo*sns5 assert tat C/" Case MC-;;-;2% so!"d (edsssed sn*e r/ate resondent s #!"t8 o+ 0""+!" and de"(erate +or!
son#. 1!rsr!den*e as de+ned +or!-son# as te +"n# o+ !"t"e s!ts
n/o"/n# te sae artes +or te sae *a!se o+ a*ton, eter s!"taneo!s"8 or
s!**ess/e"8, +or te !rose o+ o(tann# a +a/ora("e )!d#ent. =or! son#e'sts 0ere te e"eents o+ litis pendentia are resent, and 0ere te a +na"
)!d#ent n one *ase 0"" ao!nt to res 0udicata n te oter. 6 )eirs of 2ictorina otus Penaverde v$ )eirs of ariano Penaverde, '33 CR! &.7. T!s, tere s
+or! son# 0en tere e'st: a7 dentt8 o+ artes, or at "east s!* artes as
reresent te sae nterest n (ot a*tons, (7 dentt8 o+ r#ts asserted and re"e+ ra8ed +or, te re"e+ (en# +o!nded on te sae +a*ts, and *7 te dentt8 o+ te
t0o re*edn# art*!"ars s s!* tat an8 )!d#ent rendered n te oter a*ton,
0"" ao!nt to res 0udicata n te a*ton !nder *onsderaton. 6Pr!(an9ers
Asso*aton /s. Pr!denta" Ban9 and Tr!st Coan8, 2&$ SCRA 27. As ds*!ssedear"er, te e"eents o+ litis pendentia (en# resent and tat res 0udicata 0""
e/ent!a""8 res!"t, a de*son (8 te @!e?on Ct8 Tra" Co!rt 0o!"d (ar te
nstt!ton o+ te C/" Case n te Manda"!8on# Ct8 Tra" Co!rt +or te*o""e*ton o+ de+*en*8 *"a n te +ore*"os!re sa"e o+ te ettoners
roertes. Pr/ate resondent /o"ated te r!"e on +or! son# and tere+ore,
te s!ar8 dsssa" o+ ter a*ton s 0arranted.3$$5 6Ita"*s n te or#na"!nders*orn# s!"ed7.
en*e, te resent Petton +or Re/e0 on Certorar, 3$25 ettoner rasn# te
+o""o0n# ass#nent o+ errors:
I. TE COURT O= APPEALS ERRED IN OLDING TAT PETITIONER
BANS COMPLAINT =OR COLLECTION O= SUM O= MONE
BASED ON DE=ICIENC CLAIM UNDER CIVIL CASE No. MC-;;-;2%IS A COMPULSOR COUNTERCLAIM AND SOULD AVE BEEN
SET UP B PETITIONER BAN IN PRIVATE RESPONDENTS
COMPLAINT =OR SPECI=IC PER=ORMANCE, TORT AND
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DAMAGES, AND ANNULMENT O= =ORECLOSURE IN CIVIL CASE
NO. @-;-2%22
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Pettoner +!rter *tes Roa v$ P) Credit Corporation,3$
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=na""8, ettoner *tes 5angko ilangan 8evelopment 5ank v$ Court of
!ppeals,3$5 0eren ts Co!rt e"d tat:
Te test to deterne dentt8 o+ te *a!ses o+ a*ton s toas*ertan 0eter te sae e/den*e ne*essar8 to s!stan te se*ond *a!se o+
a*ton s s!++*ent to a!tor?e a re*o/er8 n te +rst, e/en + te +or or nat!re o+ te t0o 6$7 a*tons are d++erent +ro ea* oter. I+ te sae +a*ts or e/den*e
0o!"d s!stan (ot, te t0o 6$7 a*tons are *onsdered te sae 0tn te r!"e
tat te )!d#ent n te +orer s a (ar to te s!(se!ent a*ton oter0se, t snot. Ts etod as (een *onsdered te ost a**!rate test as to -8+85 a
o5;5 (d);n+ * a /a5 n *(/*(n+ 45odn)* /+-n +8 *a;
4a5+*. It as e/en (een des#nated as n+a""("e.
"e t s tr!e tat te t0o 6$7 *ases are +o!nded n ra*t*a""8 te saeset o+ +a*ts, as *orre*t"8 o(ser/ed (8 te Co!rt o+ Aea"s, t *annot (e sad tat
e'a*t"8 te sae e/den*e are needed to ro/e te *a!ses o+ a*ton n (ot *ases.T!s, n C/" Case No, ;4-%>4% o+ te RTC o+ Man"a, te e/den*e needed to
ro/e tat ettoner s!staned daa#e to ts re!taton and #ood0"" s not te
sae e/den*e needed n C/" Case No. $$4 o+ te RTC o+ Batan#as to ro/e tea""e#aton tat a s!(stanta" ao!nt o+ resondent Ba!sas (an9 deost n
ettoners (an9 0as ""e#a""8 0tdra0n 0to!t er *onsent or a!tort8, Te
RTC o+ Batan#as and te Co!rt o+ Aea"s, tere+ore, dd not a(!se ter ds*reton n den8n# ettoners oton to dsss 0* 0as (ased on te
#ro!nd o+ litis pendentia$3$;5 6Eass and !nders*orn# s!"ed7.
B8 ter Coent,32&5 te Lo*sns antan tat ettoners *"a n C/"
Case No. MC-;;-;2% s "o#*a""8 re"ated to ter *"a n C/" Case No. @-;-
2%22
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transa*tons and, tere+ore, 0o!"d enta" resentaton o+ te sae e/den*e tat
ettoner a/n# +a"ed to set ! ts *"a as a *o!"sor8 *o!nter*"a3245 n C/"
Case No. @-;-2%22
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Pettoner *o!"d not, tere+ore, a/e set ts *"a s!()e*t o+ ts *o"ant n
C/" Case No. MC-;;-;2% as, ass!n# arguendotat t s, a *o!"sor8
*o!nter*"a 0en t +"ed on Sete(er 44, 4;; ts Ans0er 0t Co!"sor8Co!nter*"a to te Lo*sns *o"ant.32$5
Te *o!nter*"a !st (e e'stn# a+ +8 +; o n) +8 an*-5, to!# not at
te *oen*eent o+ te a*ton +or !nder Se*ton 2 o+ te +orer R!"e 4&, te
*o!nter*"a or *ross-*"a 0* a art8 a8 a/er n s ans0er !st (e one0* e a8 a/e at the time a#anst te oosn# art8. Tat rase *an on"8
a/e re+eren*e to te te o+ te ans0er. Certan"8 a reat!re *o!nter*"a
*annot (e set ! n te ans0er. Ts *onstr!*ton s not on"8 e'"*t +ro te"an#!a#e o+ te a+ore*ted ro/sons (!t a"so ser/es to aron?e te a+ore*ted
se*tons o+ R!"e 4&, 0t se*ton o+ te sae r!"e 0* ro/des tat a*o!nter*"a . . . 0* eter at!red or 0as a*!red (8 a art8 after serving
his pleading a8, 0t te ersson o+ te *o!rt, (e resented as a *o!nter*"a. . . (8 s!"eenta" "eadn# (e+ore )!d#ent.
T!s a art8 0o +a"s to nterose a *o!nter*"a a"to!# arsn# o!t o+ or sne*essar"8 *onne*ted 0t te transa*ton or o**!rren*e o+ te "ant++s s!t (!t
0* dd not e'st or at!re at te te sad art8 +"es s ans0er s not tere(8
(arred +ro nterosn# s!* *"a n a +!t!re "t#aton. . .3225 6Eass and!nders*orn# s!"ed7.
"e ettoner *o!"d a/e, a+ter te Lo*sns +"ed on Mar* $>, 4;;; a
S!"eenta" Co"ant n C/" Case No. @-;-2%22
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Co!nter*"a, te settn# ! o+ s!* a+ter-a*!red *o!nter*"a, s ere"8
erss/e, not *o!"sor8.325
At a"" e/ents, e/en + te *"a o+ ettoner - s!()e*t o+ ts *o"ant nC/" Case No. MC-;;-;2% s a *o!"sor8 *o!nter*"a 0* so!"d a/e (een
set ! n ts Ans0er to te Lo*sns S!"eenta" Co"ant, te*n*a"t8 so!"d
#/e 0a8 to )!st*e and e!t8 to ena("e ettoner to !rs!e ts a+ter-a*!red *"a
a#anst te Lo*sns.
As +or te ss!e o+ 0eter ettoners *o"ant s dsss("e on te
#ro!nds o+ litis pendentia or auter action pendant, and +or! son#, te a(o/e-
!oted and re*ted a""e#atons o+ te "eadn#s o+ te artes do not re+"e*t dentt8
o+ r#ts asserted and re"e+s so!#t, as 0e"" as (ass tereo+, to a de#ree s!++*ent
to #/e rse to te a(ateent o+ ettoners *o"ant on an8 o+ tese #ro!nds.
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E CONCUR:
ARTEMIO V. PANGANIBAN
!ssociate Justice
Chairman
ANGELINA SANDOVAL#GUTIERRE
!ssociate Justice
RENATO C. CORONA
!ssociate Justice
CANCIO C. GARCIA
!ssociate
ATTESTATION
I attest tat te *on*"!sons n te a(o/e De*son 0ere rea*ed n *ons!"taton
(e+ore te *ase 0as ass#ned to te 0rter o+ te onon o+ te Co!rts D/son.
ARTEMIO V. PANGANIBAN
!ssociate JusticeChairman
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CERTIFICATION
P!rs!ant to Art*"e VIII, Se*ton 42 o+ te Constt!ton, and te D/son
Carans Attestaton, t s ere(8 *ert+ed tat te *on*"!sons n te a(o/e
De*son 0ere rea*ed n *ons!"taton (e+ore te *ase 0as ass#ned to te 0rter o+
te onon o+ te Co!rt.
HILARIO G. DAVIDE, R.
Chief Justice