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Global SolarPower the possibilities
Automotive Suspension Geometryby Doug Mason Presented by Jay West
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Everyone Awake??
u Don’t get too cute, basic designs are more reliable and safer!u https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSV7Dq6kk2o (Racing The Sun 2017)u https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDjxZgi5VXU (dragster)u https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrtVHXBrPtw (wipeout)
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Force = mass * acceleration
u Force is measured in Newtons, N = (kg*m/s2)
v The force is the energy we feel when potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy.
u Mass is measured in kilograms, kg = 1000 grams
v The mass is the weight of the object moving
u Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared, m/s2
v The acceleration is the rate of change in velocity. Example: If a car can go 0 to 60 in 4 seconds, that is a change in velocity from 0mph to 60mph
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Quickest Acceleration on the Planet!!u Top Fuel Dragsters
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Automotive Suspension GeometryTopics Covered:
Camber
Caster
Steering Axis Inclination and Scrub Radius
Toe In vs. Toe Out
Ackerman Steering
Rolling Resistance
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Camber
• Reduces tire scrub during suspension travel
• Maintains tire contact patch with surface
• Recommend keeping camber near 0 degree for solar cart
Automotive Suspension Geometry
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Caster
• Controls vehicles stability at higher speeds
• Controls steering self correcting to a center position
• Recommend keeping caster angle between 3-7 degrees for solar cart
Automotive Suspension Geometry
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Steering Axis Inclination (SAI)
• Changes wheel camber throughout steering motion
• Too much SAI makes steering difficult
Scrub Radius
• Distance between tire center line and SAI intersection with surface
• Keep to a minimum to reduce difficult steering
Automotive Suspension Geometry
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9 | Information Confidential and Proprietary to Global Solar Energy, Inc.
Toe In vs. Toe Out
• Reduces loose feeling of steering by preloading steering components
• Too much can affect tire wear and increase rolling resistance
• Recommend 1/32” to 1/16” toe in for solar cart
Automotive Suspension Geometry
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10 | Information Confidential and Proprietary to Global Solar Energy, Inc.
Ackerman Steering
• Inside tire follows a smaller turning radius than outside tire
• Extremely important in reducing drag when vehicle is turning
• Controlled by tie rod location on spindle steering arm
Automotive Suspension Geometry
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Rolling Resistance
c = Rolling resistance coefficientc = 0.001 steel wheel on steel trackc = 0.004 bicycle tire on asphaltc = 0.03 car tire on asphalt
R = c WRolling resistance coefficient (c) and weight (W) directly affect power required to move car
Automotive Suspension Geometry
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Standard Cart
The Standard Kart uses a pre-fabricated steel frame chassis. It bolts together without the need for welding. It comes with standard wheels, a seat, a safety belt, mirrors, and a solar panel mount. This kart is great for first-year teams, schools with less technical expertise, or those lacking specialized facilities and equipment. The standard kart chassis is not meant to be modified.
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Do’s and Don’t’s…Do(s)
u Be Safeu Be Kind & Respectfulu Collaborateu Observe Rulesu Have Fun
Don’t(s) u Don’t Rushu Don’t cut cornersu Don’t change the Plan